|
Tools 🛠
- Geography and climate briefs
- Selected statistics Taiwan/ROC
- The ROC postal codes (with numerical index)
- The ROC calendar
- Japan's Taiwan
- The dynasties of imperial China: an overview
- Major time zones in Taiwan and the world
Note: Due to limited space on this page, most geographical names are shown here in English and Chinese
characters only without Hanyu Pinyin.
===== ===== ===== ===== =====
Please note that details about smaller islands in the Taiwan area can be found here.
(Tidal flat excluded)
|
Taiwan proper |
Penghu |
Offshore islands |
Taiwan area total |
Area
| 35,767.6263 km² |
126.8641 km² |
74.8023 km² |
35,969.2927 km² |
Length coastline
| 1,139.2483 km |
326.7635 km |
100.3273 km |
1,566.3391 km |
Total number of islands in the Taiwan area: 86.
Source: Department of Land Administration 地政司, MOI
Line |
Distance |
Reference point A |
Reference point B |
North–South
[①–②] |
383 km |
Fukuichiao Lighthouse 富貴角燈塔 (Shimen District 石門區, New Taipei City) ① |
Eluanbi 鵝鑾鼻 (Hengchun Town 恆春鎮, Pingtung County) ② |
West–East
[③–④] |
141 km |
Mailiao Industrial Harbour 麥寮工業專用港 (Houan Village 後安村, Mailiao Township 麥寮鄉, Yunlin County) ③ |
Shihtiping 石梯坪 (Gangkou Village 港口村, Fengbin Township 豐濱鄉, Hualien County) ④ |
Source: Google Earth
Margin |
Location |
Latitude |
Longitude |
Northernmost point |
Fuji Borough 富基里 (Shimen District 石門區, New Taipei City) |
25° 17′56″ N |
121° 32′12″ E |
Southernmost point |
Eluan Borough 鵝鑾里 (Hengchun Town 恆春鎮, Pingtung County) |
21° 53′49″ N |
120° 51′34″ E |
Westernmost point |
Shifen Borough 十份里 (Qigu District 七股區, Tainan City) |
23° 06′ 04″ N |
120° 02′09″ E |
Easternmost point |
Fulian Borough 福連里 (Gongliao District 貢寮區, New Taipei City) |
25° 00′36″ N |
122° 00′22″ E |
Source: Google Earth
Distance |
Reference point in Taiwan (ROC) |
Reference point in neighbouring country |
136.34 km |
Zhonghe Borough 中和里 (Houlong Town 後龍鎮, Miaoli County) |
PRC—Wan'an Village 萬安村 (Dongshan Town 東瀚鎮, Fuqing City 福清市, Fuzhou City 福州市, Fujian Province) |
107.50 km |
Beifang'ao Bi 北方澳鼻 (Suao Town 蘇澳鎮, Yilan County) |
Japan—Yonaguni 与那国島 |
141.26 km |
Southern tip (Pingtung County) |
Philippines—Mavulis Island |
104.26 km |
Lanyu 蘭嶼 (Taitung County) |
" |
978.66 km |
Northern tip (New Taipei City) |
South Korea—Marado Island 馬羅島 |
Source: Google Earth
Please note that Taiwan is geographically moving slowly towards the China mainland, and the two sides are expected
to be united in about 1.5 million years.
Distance |
Reference point in the ROC |
Reference point in the PRC |
4.27 km |
Ta-tan Island 大膽島 (Kinmen County) |
Baishi Cannon Fort 白石炮台遺址 (Binhai Street Office 濱海街道, Siming District 思明區, Xiamen City 廈門市, Fujian Province) |
Source: Google Earth
TOP HOME
Taiwan's main topographical features are the central mountain range and the coastal plains in the west. More than 200
peaks in Taiwan are rising higher than 3,000 m above sea level; they are referred to in Chinese as baiyue 百岳. The
Tropic of Cancer 北回歸線 (latitude 23° 26′ 13.8″ N) crosses Taiwan in the waters of Penghu County, in Chiayi County,
Chiayi City, Kaohsiung City, Nantou County, and Hualien County.
- Mountains (64 %)—Central Range 中央山脈, Mount Snow Range 雪山山脈, Mount Jade Range 玉山山脈, Mount Ali Range 阿里山山脈,
East Coastal Range 東部海岸山脈
- Plains and basins (19.8 %)—Lanyang Plain 蘭陽平原, Chianan Plain 嘉南平原, Pingtung Plain 屏東平原; Taipei Basin 台北盆地,
Taichung Basin 台中盆地, the 158-km-long East Longitudinal Valley 台東縱谷
- Floodland (3.1 %)
Mount Jade = Yushan 玉山 (main summit: 3,952 m above sea level), located in the juncture area of Kaohsiung City, Nantou County
and Chiayi County, is not only the tallest mountain in the Taiwan area but the highest peak in East Asia. It is also called "Mt. Morrison"
in English and "Tongku Saveg" 東谷沙飛 by the Bunun indigenous people living in that area.
Mountain's name |
Elevation |
Main summit's location (city / county) |
Mount Jade 玉山 (Yushan) |
3,952 m |
Kaohsiung/Nantou/Chiayi County |
Snow Mountain 雪山 (Xueshan) |
3,886 m |
Taichung |
Xiuguluan Mountain 秀姑巒山 aka Mahuolasih Mountain 馬霍拉斯山 |
3,800 m |
Nantou |
Mabolasi Mountain 馬博拉斯山 aka Wulameng Mountain 烏拉孟山 |
3,765 m |
Nantou |
Nanhu Mountain 南湖大山 |
3,742 m |
Taichung |
Kailantekun Mountain 凱蘭特崑山 |
3,730 m |
Taichung |
Dongxiaonan Mountain 東小南山 |
3,711 m |
Kaohsiung |
Central Range Point 中央尖山 |
3,705 m |
Taichung |
Mount Guan 關山 (Guanshan) |
3,668 m |
Kaohsiung |
Matelan Mountain 馬特蘭山 aka Ganmulin Mountain 甘木林山 |
3,660 m |
Taichung |
A better understanding of Taiwan's topography can be gained by referring to Maps,
"Physical map of Taiwan".
TOP HOME
Taiwan's river system is marked by short rivers (none exceeding 200 km in overall length), and there
are few natural lakes. Freshwater supply is provided by man-made reservoirs. (A list of major reservoirs
can be found further below.)
River's name |
Length |
Area from source(s) to mouth (city / county) |
Chuoshui River 濁水溪 |
186.6 km |
Nantou, Yunlin, Changhua |
Kaoping River 高屏溪 |
171.0 km |
Pingtung, Kaohsiung |
Tamsui River 淡水河 |
158.7 km |
Taipei, New Taipei City |
Tsengwen River 曾文溪 |
138.47 km |
Chiayi County, Tainan |
Dahan Creek 大漢溪 |
135 km |
New Taipei City, Taoyuan, Hsinchu County |
Laonong River 荖濃溪 |
133 km |
Kaohsiung |
Dajia River 大甲溪 |
124.2 km |
Taichung |
Dadu River 大肚溪 aka Wu River 烏溪 |
119.13 km |
Taichung, Changhua, Nantou |
Xiuguluan River 秀姑巒溪 |
104 km |
Hualien |
Daan River 大安溪 |
95.76 km |
Miaoli |
For a rough sketch of Taiwan's river system click here.
(The approximate line of the east-west watershed is marked in red.)
Lake's name |
Size |
Location |
Sun Moon Lake 日月潭 aka Zitun |
840 ha |
Yuchi Township, Nantou |
Longluan Lake 龍鑾潭 |
> 120 ha |
Hengchun Town, Pingtung |
Liyu Lake 鯉魚潭 |
104 ha |
Shoufeng Township, Hualien |
Chengcing Lake 澄清湖 |
103 ha |
Wusong District, Kaohsiung |
Zhongzheng Lake 中正湖 |
27 ha |
Meinong District, Kaohsiung |
Liyu Lake 埔里鯉魚潭 |
20 ha |
Puli Town, Nantou |
Cueifong Lake 翠峰湖 |
~ 20 ha |
Datong Township, Yilan |
Meihua Lake 梅花湖 |
18.2 ha |
Dongshan Township, Yilan |
Longtan Lake 龍潭湖 / 龍潭大池 |
18 ha |
Longtan District, Taoyuan |
Dalupalringi 大鬼湖 |
11.87 ha |
Maolin District, Kaohsiung |
Please note that Sun Moon Lake, the largest body of water on Taiwan proper, is considered a semi-natural
lake as several hydroelectric power plants were built there since 1919. A list of major reservoirs under the
administration of the MOEA's Water Resources Agency (WRA) is shown
directly below.
Reservoir's name |
Location |
Completed in |
Wushantou Reservoir (wushantou shuiku 烏山頭水庫) |
Guantian and Liujia Districts (Tainan City) |
May 1930 |
Agongdian Reservoir (agongdian shuiku 阿公店水庫) |
Yanchao District (Kaohsiung City) |
August 1953 |
Shimen Reservoir (shimen shuiku 石門水庫) |
Longtan District (Taoyuan City) |
June 1964 |
Baihe Reservoir (baihe shuiku 白河水庫) |
Baihe District (Tainan City) |
June 1965 |
Mingte Reservoir (mingde shuiku 明德水庫) |
Touwu Township (Miaoli County) |
May 1970 |
Tsengwen Reservoir (zengwen shuiku 曾文水庫) |
Dapu Township (Chiayi County) |
October 1973 |
Techi Reservoir (deji shuiku 德基水庫) |
Heping District (Taichung City) |
September 1974 |
Hsinshan Reservoir (xinshan shuiku 新山水庫) |
Anle District (Keelung City) |
October 1980 |
Yongheshan Reservoir (yongheshan shuiku 永和山水庫) |
Sanwan Township (Miaoli County) |
October 1984 |
Baoshan Reservoir (Baoshan shuiku 寶山水庫) |
Baoshan Township (Hsinchu County) |
June 1985 |
Feitsui Reservoir (feicui shuiku 翡翠水庫) |
Shiding District (New Taipei City) |
June 1987 |
Renyitan Reservoir (renyitan shuiku 仁義潭水庫) |
Fanlu Township (Chiayi County) |
August 1987 |
Liyutan Reservoir (liyutan shuiku 鯉魚潭水庫) |
Sanyi Township (Miaoli County) |
November 1992 |
Nanhua Reservoir (Nanhua shuiku 南化水庫) |
Nanhua District (Tainan City) |
November 1993 |
Mudan Reservoir (Mudan shuiku 牡丹水庫) |
Mudan Township (Pingtung County) |
May 1995 |
Second Baoshan Reservoir (Baoshan dier shuiku 寶山第二水庫) |
Baoshan Township (Hsinchu County) |
June 2006 |
TOP HOME
Taiwan is situated at the seismically active Pacific Rim which is also called "Ring of Fire", and the island
is criss-crossed by dozens of faults, resulting in frequent earthquakes. Major
research on Taiwan's faults is done by the Central Geological Survey (CGS)
under the MOEA. On Jan. 4, 2022 CGS published a study (including a map with versions in English and Chinese) on known faults
in Taiwan, recording a total of 36 active faults across the island (see following list).
- Sanchiao Fault (shanjiao duanceng 山腳斷層),
- Hukou Fault (hukou duanceng 湖口斷層),
- Hsinchu Fault (xinzhu duanceng 新竹斷層),
- Hsincheng Fault (xincheng duanceng 新城斷層),
- Shihtan Fault (shitan duanceng 獅潭斷層),
- Sanyi Fault (sanyi duanceng 三義斷層),
- Tachia Fault (dajia duanceng 大甲斷層),
- Tiehchenshan Fault (tiezhanshan duanceng 鐵砧山斷層),
- Tuntzuchiao Fault (tunzijiao duanceng 屯子腳斷層),
- Changhua Fault (zhanghua duanceng 彰化斷層),
- Chelungpu Fault (chelongpu duanceng 車籠埔斷層),
- Tamaopu-Shuangtung Fault (damaopu shuangdong duanceng 大茅埔 - 雙冬斷層),
- Chuhsiang Fault (chuxiang duanceng 初鄉斷層),
- Chiuchiungkeng Fault (jiuqiongkeng duanceng 九芎坑斷層),
- Meishan Fault (meishan duanceng 梅山斷層),
- Tachienshan Fault (dajianshan duanceng 大尖山斷層),
- Muchiliao Fault (mujiliao duanceng 木屐寮斷層),
- Liuchia Fault (liujia duanceng 六甲斷層),
- Chukou Fault (chukou duanceng 觸口斷層),
- Kouhsiaoli Fault (kouxiaoli duanceng 口宵里斷層),
- Hsinhua Fault (xinhua duanceng 新化斷層),
- Houchiali Fault (houjiali duanceng 後甲里斷層),
- Tsochen Fault (zuozhen duanceng 左鎮斷層),
- Hsiaokangshan Fault (xiaogangshan duanceng 小崗山斷層),
- Chekualin Fault (chegualin duanceng 車瓜林斷層),
- Chishan Fault (qishan duanceng 旗山斷層),
- Chaochou Fault (chaozhou duanceng 潮州斷層),
- Hengchun Fault (hengchun duanceng 恆春斷層),
- Milun Fault (milun duanceng 米崙斷層),
- Lingding Fault (lingding duanceng 嶺頂斷層),
- Rueyshui Fault (ruisui duanceng 瑞穗斷層),
- Chimei Fault (qimei duanceng 奇美斷層),
- Yuli Fault (yuli duanceng 玉里斷層),
- Chihshang Fault (chishang duanceng 池上斷層),
- Luyeh Fault (luye duanceng 鹿野斷層), and
- Lichi Fault (liji duanceng 利吉斷層).
Please note that the National Museum of Natural Science (NMNS) under the
MOE operates a Chelungpu Fault Preservation Park 車籠埔斷層保存園區 in Nantou County's Zhushan 竹山.
As a consequence of its
geological features, earthquakes are common in the Taiwan area. A ban on the construction of buildings over four stories
was lifted by the Executive Yuan on Nov. 14, 1974 (China Yearbook 1976, p. 488). The following chronology lists temblors
measuring 6 or higher on the Richter scale in the Taiwan area since WWII—quakes with lower intensity are shown only when
human lives were lost. For temblors later than Jan. 1, 1995 the Central Weather Bureau
(CWB) under the MOTC provided image files with a map and intensity report in English, additional quake intensity maps for all
temblors after Jan. 1, 2000 (courtesy © CWB); please click on the ℹ symbol to view.
Year |
Date |
Magnitude |
Fatalities |
Location of epicenter |
1946 |
Dec. 5 |
6.1 |
74 |
Xinhua 新化 (Tainan County) ℹ |
1951 |
Oct. 22 |
7.1 |
68 |
... off central Taiwan's east coast (near Hualien) ℹ ℹ |
Nov. 25 |
7.3 |
17 |
East Rift Valley (huadong zonggu 花東縱谷) near Taiwan's east coast ℹ |
1955 |
April 4 |
6.5 |
— |
... off Taiwan's south coast (near Hengchun 恆春, Pingtung County) ℹ |
1957 |
Feb. 24 |
7.1 |
11 |
... off central Taiwan's east coast (near Hualien) ℹ |
Oct. 20 |
6.4 |
4 |
Hualien ℹ |
1959 |
April 27 |
7.5 |
1 |
... off Taiwan's northeast coast (Sandiaojiao Lighthouse 三貂角燈塔, New Taipei City) ℹ |
Aug. 15 |
7.1 |
16 |
... off Taiwan's southeast coast (Eluanbi Lighthouse 鵝鑾鼻燈塔, Pingtung County) ℹ |
1963 |
Feb. 13 |
7.4 |
3 |
... off Taiwan's northeast coast (Yilan) ℹ |
March 4 |
5.9 |
1 |
Yilan ℹ |
1964 |
Jan. 18 |
6.3 |
106 |
Chiayi ℹ |
1965 |
May 18 |
6.1 |
— |
... off Taiwan's southeast coast (near Dawu 大武, Taitung County) ℹ |
1966 |
March 13 |
7.8 |
4 |
... off Taiwan's east coast (near Yilan/Hualien) ℹ |
1967 |
Oct. 25 |
5.9 |
2 |
... off Taiwan's northeast coast (Yilan) ℹ |
1972 |
Jan. 25 |
7.5 |
1 |
... off Taiwan's southeast coast (Taitung) ℹ ℹ |
April 24 |
6.7 |
5 |
Ruisui 瑞穗 (Hualien County) ℹ |
1978 |
Dec. 23 |
7.0 |
2 |
... off Taiwan's southeast coast (Taitung/Hualien) ℹ |
1982 |
Jan. 23 |
5.8 |
1 |
Hualien ℹ |
1986 |
May 20 |
6.5 |
1 |
Hualien ℹ |
Nov. 15 |
6.8 |
13 |
... off Taiwan's east coast (close to Hualien) ℹ |
1990 |
Dec. 13 |
6.5 |
2 |
Hualien ℹ |
1994 |
June 5 |
6.5 |
1 |
Nan'ao 南澳 (Yilan County) ℹ |
1995 |
Feb. 23 |
5.8 |
2 |
Hualien ℹ |
June 25 |
6.5 |
1 |
Yilan ℹ |
1998 |
July 17 |
6.2 |
5 |
Alishan 阿里山 (Chiayi County) ℹ |
1999 |
Sept. 21 |
7.3 |
2,415 |
Jiji 集集 (Nantou County) ℹ ℹ |
Sept. 26 |
6.8 |
7 |
Mingjian 名間 (Nantou County) ℹ |
Oct. 22 |
6.4 |
— |
Chiayi City ℹ |
2000 |
May 17 |
5.6 |
3 |
Sun Moon Lake 日月潭 (Nantou County) ℹ ℹ |
June 11 |
6.7 |
2 |
Mount Jade 玉山 (Nantou County) ℹ ℹ |
2002 |
March 31 |
6.8 |
5 |
... off Taiwan's east coast (Hualien) ℹ ℹ |
May 15 |
6.2 |
1 |
Su'ao 蘇澳 (Yilan County) ℹ ℹ |
2003 |
Dec. 10 |
6.4 |
— |
... off Taiwan's southeast coast (Chengkung 成功, Taitung County) ℹ ℹ |
2004 |
May 1 |
5.3 |
2 |
Xiulin 秀林 (Hualien County) ℹ ℹ |
2006 |
April 1 |
6.2 |
— |
Taitung ℹ ℹ |
Dec. 26 |
7.0 |
2 |
... off Taiwan's southern tip (Pingtung's Hengchun) ℹ ℹ |
" |
7.0 |
— |
... off Taiwan's southwest coast (Pingtung's Hengchun) ℹ ℹ |
2009 |
Nov. 5 |
6.2 |
— |
Mingjian (Nantou County) ℹ ℹ |
Dec. 19 |
6.9 |
1 |
... 25.5 km off Taiwan's east coast (close to Hualien) ℹ ℹ |
2010 |
March 4 |
6.4 |
— |
Near Jiashian 甲仙 (Kaohsiung County) ℹ ℹ |
2012 |
Feb. 26 |
6.4 |
— |
Wutai 霧台 (Pingtung County) ℹ ℹ |
2013 |
March 27 |
6.2 |
1 |
Renai 仁愛 (Nantou County) ℹ ℹ |
June 2 |
6.5 |
4 |
Renai (Nantou County) ℹ ℹ |
Oct. 31 |
6.4 |
— |
Ruisui (Hualien County) ℹ ℹ |
2015 |
Feb. 14 |
6.3 |
— |
... ca. 27 km off Taiwan's southeast coast (Taitung City) ℹ ℹ |
April 20 |
6.4 |
1 |
... ca. 75 km off Taiwan's east coast (Hualien) ℹ ℹ |
2016 |
Feb. 6 |
6.6 |
117 |
Meinong 美濃 (Kaohsiung City) ℹ ℹ ℹ |
May 31 |
6.9 |
— |
... ca. 100 km off Taiwan's northeast coast ℹ ℹ |
Oct. 6 |
6.2 |
— |
... ca. 24 km off Taiwan's southeast coast (Taitung City) ℹ ℹ |
2018 |
Feb. 6 |
6.2 |
17 |
... off Taiwan's east coast (close to Hualien) ℹ ℹ ℹ |
2019 |
April 18 |
6.3 |
— |
Xiulin (Hualien County) ℹ ℹ |
Aug. 8 |
6.2 |
1 |
... off Taiwan's northeast coast (close to Su'ao, Yilan County) ℹ ℹ |
2020 |
Dec. 10 |
6.6 |
— |
... off Taiwan’s northeast coast (close to Zhuangwei 壯圍, Yilan County) ℹ ℹ |
2021 |
April 18 |
6.2 |
— |
Shoufeng 壽豐 (Hualien County) ℹ ℹ |
Oct. 24 |
6.5 |
— |
Nan'ao (Yilan County) ℹ ℹ |
2022 |
Jan. 3 |
6.0 |
— |
... ca. 52 km off Taiwan's east coast (near Hualien's Guguzi Cliff 姑姑子斷崖) ℹ ℹ |
March 23 |
6.7 |
— |
... ca. 5 km off Taiwan's east coast (near Hualien's Fengbin Township 豐濱鄉) ℹ ℹ |
June 20 |
6.0 |
— |
Guangfu 光復 (Hualien County) ℹ ℹ |
Sept. 17 |
6.4 |
— |
Guanshan 關山 (Taitung County) ℹ ℹ |
Sept. 18 |
6.1 |
— |
Chihshang 池上 (Taitung County) ℹ ℹ |
" |
6.8 |
1 |
Chihshang ℹ ℹ |
Sept. 19 |
6.0 |
— |
Yuli 玉里 (Hualien County) ℹ ℹ |
Dec. 15 |
6.2 |
— |
... ca. 25 km off Shoufeng ℹ ℹ |
Notes
The magnitudes of the quakes in the table above are listed according to the figures provided by the CWB and might in some
cases differ from information offered by other sources. For example, the 921 Earthquake on Sept. 21, 1999 had a magnitude
of 7.3, but the United States Geological Survey (USGS) reported
that temblor having a magnitude
of 7.7; the USGS also gave the date as Sept. 20, 1999 due to the time difference—that
particular quake hit Nantou County early in the morning at 1:47 a.m. local time, which was at
noon 12:47 EST the previous day at the USGS HQ in Reston (Virginia), or 17:47 UTC.
The deadliest earthquake in the Taiwan area during the Japanese colonial period
(1895-1945) struck on April 21, 1935 in Sanyi 三義 (today's Miaoli County) with a magnitude of 7.1 and claimed 3,276 lives.
For a list of major temblors in Taiwan during that period click here.
115 of the 117 fatalities in the 2016 Meinong temblor occurred when the residential complex Wei Guan Golden Dragon Building
(weiguan jinlong dalou 維冠金龍大樓) in Tainan City’s Yongkang District toppled to
one side. According to media reports, an investigation showed that the construction process had included the use of cooking-oil
cans and polystyrene materials inside the 17-story building’s walls and pillars. The chairman of the development company, its
design manager, two architects and a construction technician were later found responsible for the disaster and convicted.
An interesting map created by Hsu Shih-hung 許世弘 ("Hsu.shihhung") and placed on Chinese Wikipedia showing Taiwan's seismicity can be found here.
In the table above, the ranking of Taiwan’s cities, counties and special municipalities
in terms of earthquake occurance since WWII is as follows.
City / county |
Quakes |
|
City / county |
Quakes |
|
City / county |
Quakes |
Hualien County | 24 |
Nantou County | 7 |
Kaohsiung City | 2 |
Taitung County | 12 |
Pingtung County | 5 |
Tainan City | 1 |
Yilan County | 11 |
Chiayi City/County | 3 |
New Taipei City | 1 |
Other manifestations of geological activity in this context are Taiwan's hot springs (wenquan 溫泉) and
volcanism (huoshan 火山).
The most famous
spots with hot springs in Taiwan are located in Beitou 北投 (Taipei City) and the Yangmingshan 陽明山 area
(Taipei City/New Taipei City), Jinshan 金山, Wanli 萬里 and Wulai 烏來 (all in New Taipei City), Taian 泰安 (Miaoli
County), Jiaoxi 礁溪 (Yilan County), Dakeng 大坑 (Taichung City), Guguan 谷關 (Taichung City), Guanziling 關子嶺 (Tainan
City), Baolaibulao 寶來不老 (Kaohsiung City), Sichongxi 四重溪 (Pingtung County), Rueisuei 瑞穗 (Hualien County), Zhiben
知本 (Taitung County), and Green Island 綠島 (off Taitung County), to name just a few.
Several islets/island groups close to Taiwan have volcanic origins: Penghu 澎湖, Green Island 綠島, Orchid Island
蘭嶼, the Three Northern Islands 北方三島 off Keelung and especially Guishan Island 龜山島 (aka Gueishan Island/Kueishan
Island/Turtle Island). Noteworthy volcanic mountains on Taiwan proper include the Tatun Volcano Group 大屯火山群, the
Keelung Volcano Group 基隆火山群, Guanyin Mountain 觀音山, and Caoling Mountain 草嶺山. On Oct. 17, 2011 the Taiwan
Volcano Observatory – Tatun (Datun huoshan guancezhan 大屯火山觀測站, abbrev. TVO) was established at the
Jingshan Nature Center (Jingshan ziran zhongxin 菁山自然中心) in Taipei's Yangmingshan National Park.
Guishan Island, located 9.1 km off northeastern Taiwan's Yilan county, was long regarded the only active volcano in
the Taiwan area, representing the top of an andesite stratovolcano which rises from the seafloor to an elevation of
401 m above sea level. According to scientists, at least four eruptions took place there in the past 7,000 years, the
last one around 1785 A.D.
There is some controversy in Taiwan whether the Tatun Volcano Group should be considered an active volcano or
not. On Dec. 23, 2016 TVO Director Lin Cheng-horng 林正洪 published a scientific article reporting the existence of
a volcanic magma chamber there, but according to comments from the CWB on Feb. 21, 2017 the finding does not mean that
the volcanoes in the group are active. On May 29, 2019 TVO researchers announced that volcanic activity detected beneath
the Tatun Volcano Group proved that Tatun was indeed an active volcano.
A team led by Lin subsequently also reported it found a volcanic conduit under Yangmingshan National Park, which
according to the researchers could become a vent if any of the volcanoes in the north of the country erupted. The team
found that a 2 km deep and 500 m wide volcanic vent had formed under the area of Dayoukeng 大油坑 of the Tatun Volcano
Group, after nesting data collected through more than 1,000 seismic readings at the Tatun group from 2014 to 2017.
TOP HOME
Taiwan's climate is subtropical in the north and tropical in the south. The hot, humid summers last
from May/June to October, coinciding with typhoon season; the winters
are short and mild, snowfall in winter usually only on peaks above 3,000 m. The peculiar shape of the
Lanyang Plain (rimmed by mountains in the south and west, open to the sea in the east) produces a climate
with frequent rainfalls during the northeast monsoon in winter. Plum rain (meiyu 梅雨) season occurs
between spring and summer.
Mean annual temperature: 22 ºC (January 15 ºC with 5º variation between north and south,
July 27 ºC to 28 ºC). The island receives an average precipitation of ca. 2,500 mm annually—between
1981 and 2010 the city of Suao in Yilan County had an annual average of 4,439.8 mm, and in Huoshaoliao 火燒寮
(Dongshi Borough 東勢里, Pingxi District 平溪區, New Taipei City) it can even exceed 6,000 mm. The annual mean
relative humidity averages ca. 60 to 90 percent.
The following
tables show climate data provided by selected weather stations operated by the
Central Weather Bureau (CWB), MOTC.
Explanations—①: mean maximum temperatures
(unit: ºC); ②: mean temperatures (unit:
ºC); ③: mean minimum temperatures (unit:
ºC); ④: average precipitation (unit: mm);
⑤: mean relative humidity (unit: percent);
⑥: average number of days with precipitation
≥ 0.1 mm (unit: days); ⑦: sunshine
duration (unit: hours).
|
Jan. |
Feb. |
March |
April |
May |
June |
July |
Aug. |
Sept. |
Oct. |
Nov. |
Dec. |
Total |
① |
19.1 |
19.6 |
22.1 |
25.7 |
29.2 |
32.0 |
34.3 |
33.8 |
31.1 |
27.5 |
24.2 |
20.7 |
Ø 26.6 |
② |
16.1 |
16.5 |
18.5 |
21.9 |
25.2 |
27.7 |
29.6 |
29.2 |
27.4 |
24.5 |
21.5 |
17.9 |
Ø 23.0 |
③ |
13.9 |
14.2 |
15.8 |
19.0 |
22.3 |
24.6 |
26.3 |
26.1 |
24.8 |
22.3 |
19.3 |
15.6 |
Ø 20.4 |
④ |
83.2 |
170.3 |
180.4 |
177.8 |
234.5 |
325.9 |
245.1 |
322.1 |
360.5 |
148.9 |
83.1 |
73.3 |
2,405.1 |
⑤ |
78.5 |
80.6 |
79.5 |
77.8 |
76.6 |
77.3 |
73.0 |
74.1 |
75.8 |
75.3 |
75.4 |
75.4 |
Ø 76.6 |
⑥ |
14.1 |
14.6 |
15.5 |
14.9 |
14.8 |
15.5 |
12.3 |
14.0 |
13.8 |
11.9 |
12.4 |
11.7 |
165.5 |
⑦ |
80.6 |
71.3 |
89.6 |
92.6 |
113.7 |
121.7 |
179.0 |
188.9 |
153.7 |
124.0 |
99.4 |
90.7 |
1,405.2 |
|
Jan. |
Feb. |
March |
April |
May |
June |
July |
Aug. |
Sept. |
Oct. |
Nov. |
Dec. |
Total |
① |
23.9 |
24.7 |
26.8 |
29.1 |
30.8 |
31.6 |
32.4 |
31.9 |
31.4 |
30.0 |
27.7 |
24.9 |
Ø 28.8 |
② |
19.3 |
20.3 |
22.6 |
25.4 |
27.5 |
28.5 |
29.2 |
28.7 |
28.1 |
26.7 |
24.0 |
20.6 |
Ø 25.1 |
③ |
15.7 |
16.7 |
19.2 |
22.4 |
24.8 |
25.9 |
26.4 |
26.1 |
25.5 |
24.0 |
20.9 |
17.1 |
Ø 22.1 |
④ |
16.0 |
20.5 |
38.8 |
69.8 |
197.4 |
415.3 |
390.9 |
416.7 |
241.9 |
42.7 |
18.7 |
16.2 |
1,884.9 |
⑤ |
72.7 |
73.5 |
73.2 |
75.1 |
76.9 |
80.1 |
78.7 |
80.5 |
78.9 |
75.5 |
73.3 |
71.9 |
Ø 75.9 |
⑥ |
3.2 |
3.7 |
4.0 |
5.8 |
9.3 |
13.8 |
12.9 |
16.3 |
11.2 |
3.5 |
2.6 |
2.3 |
88.6 |
⑦ |
174.7 |
165.8 |
187.0 |
189.1 |
198.5 |
199.9 |
221.4 |
193.7 |
175.7 |
182.4 |
162.2 |
161.8 |
2,212.2 |
|
Jan. |
Feb. |
March |
April |
May |
June |
July |
Aug. |
Sept. |
Oct. |
Nov. |
Dec. |
Total |
① |
22.0 |
22.4 |
24.6 |
27.6 |
30.2 |
31.9 |
33.0 |
32.6 |
31.8 |
30.1 |
27.0 |
23.6 |
Ø 28.1 |
② |
16.6 |
17.3 |
19.6 |
23.1 |
26.0 |
27.6 |
28.6 |
28.3 |
27.4 |
25.2 |
21.9 |
18.1 |
Ø 23.3 |
③ |
12.9 |
13.9 |
16.0 |
19.6 |
22.6 |
24.4 |
25.2 |
25.1 |
24.1 |
21.8 |
18.2 |
14.2 |
Ø 19.8 |
④ |
30.3 |
89.8 |
103.0 |
145.4 |
231.5 |
331.2 |
307.9 |
302.0 |
164.5 |
23.2 |
18.3 |
25.9 |
1,773.0 |
⑤ |
74.6 |
76.8 |
76.6 |
77.3 |
77.1 |
77.9 |
75.6 |
77.6 |
75.8 |
72.6 |
72.7 |
72.3 |
Ø 75.6 |
⑥ |
6.6 |
9.2 |
11.2 |
11.8 |
12.2 |
14.6 |
12.8 |
15.4 |
9.2 |
2.6 |
3.7 |
4.3 |
113.6 |
⑦ |
176.6 |
140.6 |
149.9 |
137.8 |
158.7 |
160.1 |
199.6 |
178.7 |
175.8 |
203.7 |
179.4 |
182.3 |
2,043.2 |
|
Jan. |
Feb. |
March |
April |
May |
June |
July |
Aug. |
Sept. |
Oct. |
Nov. |
Dec. |
Total |
① |
21.1 |
21.5 |
23.4 |
26.0 |
28.5 |
30.4 |
32.0 |
32.0 |
30.4 |
28.2 |
25.4 |
22.5 |
Ø 26.8 |
② |
18.0 |
18.4 |
20.2 |
22.7 |
25.1 |
27.1 |
28.5 |
28.2 |
26.8 |
24.8 |
22.2 |
19.3 |
Ø 23.4 |
③ |
15.4 |
15.9 |
17.5 |
20.0 |
22.4 |
24.3 |
25.4 |
25.2 |
24.0 |
22.0 |
19.5 |
16.7 |
Ø 20.7 |
④ |
62.2 |
94.2 |
85.9 |
87.0 |
195.4 |
221.7 |
205.2 |
242.0 |
399.2 |
362.7 |
152.1 |
69.2 |
2,176.8 |
⑤ |
76.0 |
78.3 |
78.8 |
79.6 |
80.3 |
81.2 |
77.9 |
78.2 |
79.2 |
76.2 |
74.8 |
73.2 |
Ø 77.8 |
⑥ |
13.7 |
15.7 |
15.1 |
14.5 |
15.5 |
12.6 |
8.2 |
10.1 |
14.3 |
13.0 |
11.7 |
9.9 |
154.3 |
⑦ |
70.2 |
64.5 |
82.4 |
92.6 |
119.5 |
162.7 |
246.5 |
224.3 |
152.0 |
120.8 |
90.5 |
77.9 |
1,503.9 |
|
Jan. |
Feb. |
March |
April |
May |
June |
July |
Aug. |
Sept. |
Oct. |
Nov. |
Dec. |
Total |
① |
3.7 |
3.7 |
5.4 |
7.8 |
10.6 |
12.1 |
13.8 |
13.6 |
13.0 |
13.2 |
10.2 |
6.2 |
Ø 9.4 |
② |
-1.1 |
-0.5 |
1.1 |
3.4 |
5.7 |
7.1 |
7.9 |
7.8 |
7.1 |
6.5 |
4.0 |
0.8 |
Ø 4.2 |
③ |
-4.5 |
-3.7 |
-1.9 |
0.4 |
2.6 |
4.2 |
4.4 |
4.4 |
3.8 |
2.6 |
0.3 |
-2.7 |
Ø 0.8 |
④ |
83.1 |
120.5 |
139.1 |
244.4 |
414.0 |
488.2 |
445.6 |
519.3 |
325.2 |
144.3 |
77.6 |
70.0 |
3,071.3 |
⑤ |
64.2 |
73.8 |
78.5 |
82.0 |
80.9 |
82.1 |
77.0 |
81.0 |
79.9 |
70.0 |
65.5 |
61.2 |
Ø 74.7 |
⑥ |
7.2 |
7.1 |
8.6 |
14.6 |
18.5 |
18.6 |
17.2 |
18.4 |
16.0 |
11.0 |
7.7 |
5.6 |
150.5 |
⑦ |
202.4 |
146.8 |
150.0 |
132.1 |
139.7 |
132.5 |
177.2 |
160.4 |
152.3 |
207.2 |
203.9 |
203.5 |
2,008.0 |
|
Jan. |
Feb. |
March |
April |
May |
June |
July |
Aug. |
Sept. |
Oct. |
Nov. |
Dec. |
Total |
① |
19.4 |
20.1 |
22.0 |
23.9 |
25.7 |
26.8 |
28.0 |
27.6 |
26.8 |
25.5 |
23.3 |
20.3 |
Ø 24.1 |
② |
14.2 |
15.1 |
16.9 |
19.2 |
21.0 |
22.2 |
23.0 |
22.7 |
22.1 |
20.7 |
18.3 |
15.2 |
Ø 19.2 |
③ |
11.1 |
12.0 |
13.8 |
16.4 |
18.3 |
19.6 |
20.1 |
20.0 |
19.4 |
17.9 |
15.3 |
12.2 |
Ø 16.3 |
④ |
49.1 |
100.0 |
124.7 |
199.5 |
328.3 |
436.9 |
409.9 |
403.8 |
232.3 |
49.7 |
31.2 |
36.5 |
2,401.9 |
⑤ |
76.7 |
79.7 |
81.1 |
83.7 |
84.6 |
85.7 |
84.7 |
85.7 |
84.9 |
82.8 |
79.1 |
76.1 |
Ø 82.1 |
⑥ |
8.3 |
9.6 |
12.2 |
14.5 |
18.0 |
21.2 |
18.8 |
19.9 |
14.6 |
6.2 |
5.6 |
6.0 |
154.9 |
⑦ |
162.2 |
131.5 |
125.7 |
104.2 |
115.1 |
113.7 |
155.4 |
135.3 |
122.7 |
148.2 |
162.8 |
169.2 |
1,646.0 |
|
Jan. |
Feb. |
March |
April |
May |
June |
July |
Aug. |
Sept. |
Oct. |
Nov. |
Dec. |
Total |
① |
19.3 |
19.6 |
22.4 |
26.0 |
28.8 |
30.6 |
32.0 |
31.8 |
30.7 |
28.1 |
24.8 |
21.1 |
Ø 26.3 |
② |
16.9 |
17.1 |
19.5 |
23.0 |
25.7 |
27.6 |
28.7 |
28.6 |
27.8 |
25.4 |
22.4 |
18.9 |
Ø 23.5 |
③ |
15.4 |
15.4 |
17.4 |
20.9 |
23.7 |
25.6 |
26.6 |
26.5 |
25.9 |
23.9 |
20.9 |
17.4 |
Ø 21.6 |
④ |
17.5 |
50.7 |
59.5 |
88.3 |
118.3 |
153.9 |
157.7 |
181.0 |
112.7 |
28.4 |
21.2 |
24.2 |
1,013.4 |
⑤ |
79.7 |
82.2 |
82.1 |
82.7 |
83.6 |
85.9 |
84.8 |
85.0 |
80.9 |
76.8 |
77.3 |
77.4 |
Ø 81.5 |
⑥ |
5.0 |
7.2 |
8.9 |
9.4 |
9.7 |
10.1 |
7.7 |
8.8 |
6.8 |
2.2 |
3.6 |
4.1 |
83.5 |
⑦ |
111.5 |
94.7 |
125.2 |
148.8 |
179.3 |
200.4 |
264.8 |
240.4 |
213.8 |
189.9 |
139.1 |
123.3 |
2,031.2 |
|
Jan. |
Feb. |
March |
April |
May |
June |
July |
Aug. |
Sept. |
Oct. |
Nov. |
Dec. |
Total |
① |
20.7 |
21.4 |
23.0 |
24.9 |
26.7 |
27.8 |
28.6 |
28.5 |
27.6 |
25.9 |
23.8 |
21.4 |
Ø 25.0 |
② |
18.5 |
19.0 |
20.5 |
22.4 |
24.3 |
25.7 |
26.3 |
26.1 |
25.2 |
23.8 |
21.7 |
19.4 |
Ø 22.7 |
③ |
17.0 |
17.4 |
18.8 |
20.8 |
22.7 |
24.1 |
24.6 |
24.3 |
23.5 |
22.3 |
20.3 |
17.9 |
Ø 21.1 |
④ |
248.1 |
203.9 |
154.0 |
149.0 |
249.3 |
287.4 |
231.2 |
287.9 |
384.2 |
305.6 |
267.0 |
212.2 |
2,979.8 |
⑤ |
86.3 |
88.3 |
88.6 |
90.2 |
90.3 |
92.1 |
91.0 |
90.8 |
90.3 |
87.3 |
86.6 |
84.9 |
Ø 88.9 |
⑥ |
22.2 |
19.0 |
16.7 |
15.1 |
15.7 |
15.3 |
14.2 |
16.6 |
19.5 |
19.6 |
20.5 |
21.0 |
215.4 |
⑦ |
80.8 |
78.8 |
106.0 |
113.0 |
136.5 |
140.8 |
196.2 |
171.6 |
143.7 |
134.1 |
94.7 |
77.6 |
1,473.8 |
|
Jan. |
Feb. |
March |
April |
May |
June |
July |
Aug. |
Sept. |
Oct. |
Nov. |
Dec. |
Total |
① |
17.8 |
18.2 |
20.1 |
23.1 |
26.2 |
28.9 |
31.2 |
31.0 |
28.8 |
25.9 |
22.8 |
19.5 |
Ø 24.5 |
② |
15.7 |
15.9 |
17.5 |
20.4 |
23.4 |
26.0 |
28.0 |
27.9 |
26.3 |
23.7 |
20.7 |
17.4 |
Ø 21.9 |
③ |
13.7 |
13.9 |
15.3 |
18.2 |
21.3 |
24.0 |
25.8 |
25.8 |
24.5 |
22.1 |
19.0 |
15.5 |
Ø 19.9 |
④ |
122.6 |
161.0 |
169.5 |
161.6 |
203.2 |
194.1 |
125.8 |
198.0 |
236.9 |
136.8 |
132.0 |
112.5 |
1,954.0 |
⑤ |
79.0 |
81.2 |
82.8 |
83.8 |
85.6 |
88.1 |
86.3 |
86.2 |
84.1 |
79.0 |
78.2 |
76.1 |
Ø 82.5 |
⑥ |
17.1 |
17.0 |
18.5 |
14.6 |
14.3 |
12.1 |
6.6 |
9.6 |
12.1 |
11.5 |
14.3 |
14.0 |
161.7 |
⑦ |
63.1 |
56.0 |
80.8 |
98.1 |
138.2 |
161.4 |
259.6 |
250.0 |
191.3 |
147.5 |
93.0 |
65.9 |
1,604.9 |
The following table shows the respective highest and lowest figures (annual average 1981-2010) measured
by CWB's weather stations in the Taiwan area.
|
Highest |
Weather station(s) |
Lowest |
Weather station |
① |
28.8 ºC |
Hengchun; Tainan |
9.4 ºC |
Yushan |
② |
25.1 ºC |
Hengchun; Kaohsiung |
4.2 ºC |
Yushan |
③ |
22.5 ºC |
Hengchun |
0.8 ºC |
Yushan |
④ |
4,863.1 mm |
Anbu |
1,013.4 mm |
Penghu |
⑤ |
89.7 % |
Anbu |
74.1 % |
Taitung |
⑥ |
215.4 days |
Lanyu |
67.5 days |
Dongjidao |
⑦ |
2,233.8 hours |
Hengchun |
935.0 hours |
Anbu |
Peak minimum/maximum temperatures according to Chinese Wikipedia 維基百科: Taipei –0.2 ºC (February)
and 39.3 ºC (August), Kaohsiung 4.4 ºC (December) and 37.2 ºC (June).
The duties of the CWB include issuing warnings to the population against
dangerous weather conditions, e. g. heat information (gaowen zixun 高溫資訊), cold surge advisory (diwen
tebao 低溫特報), extremely heavy rain advisory (haoyu tebao 豪雨特報), dense fog advisory (nongwu
tebao 濃霧特報), strong wind advisory (lushang qiangfeng tebao 陸上強風特報) and especially typhoon warnings (taifeng jingbao 颱風警報). The CWB issues its warnings
in accordance to certain standards.
In summer, the CWB may issue colour-coded heat warnings according to specific criteria: yellow signal (huangse
denghao 黃色燈號), orange signal (chengse denghao 橙色燈號), and red signal (hongse denghao 紅色燈號).
Signal |
Heat information criteria |
Yellow |
Daily maximum temperature reaches 36 ºC |
Orange |
Daily maximum temperature reaches 36 ºC for three consecutive days or daily maximum temperature reaches 38 ºC |
Red |
Daily maximum temperature reaches 38 ºC for three consecutive days |
Cold surge advisories are colour-coded as well. In the table below, ground level refers to altitude lower than 200
meters. The CWB notes that considering its geographical and climate conditions, the criteria for Lienchiang County is 4
degrees lower than the other areas.
Signal |
Cold surge criteria |
Yellow |
Minimum ground-level temperature is below 10 ºC. |
Cold in early morning and evening, with a chance of minimum temperature dropping below 10 ºC and significant day-night temperature difference. |
Orange |
Minimum ground-level temperature is below 6 ºC or minimum ground-level temperature is below 10 ºC and temperature remains below 12 ºC for 24 hours. |
Very cold, with a chance of temperature remaining around or below 10 ºC or minimum temperature dropping below 6 ºC. |
Red |
Temperature remains below 6 ºC for 24 hours. |
Extremely cold, with a chance of temperature remaining under 6 ºC. |
Precipitation classification according to the CWB's standards is as follows—1. "heavy rain" (dayu 大雨),
2. "extremely heavy rain" (haoyu 豪雨), 3. "torrential rain" (da haoyu 大豪雨), and 4. "extremely torrential
rain" (chaoda haoyu 超大豪雨).
Classification |
Precipitation criteria |
Heavy rain |
24-hour accumulated rainfall exceeds 80 millimeters, or 1-hour rainfall exceeds 40 mm |
Extremely heavy rain |
24-hour accumulated rainfall exceeds 200 mm, or 3-hour accumulated rainfall exceeds 100 mm |
Torrential rain |
350-499 mm in 24 hours |
Extremely torrential rain |
500 mm or more in 24 hours |
Details about dense fog advisory and strong wind advisory by CWB:
- Dense fog advisory—When the observation of horizontal visibility to less than 200 meters of fog appears, a dense fog advisory will be released.
- Strong wind advisory—When the forecast or observation of sustained wind up to strong wind or gusts up to gale, a strong wind/gale/storm advisory will be released for land or sea.
Taiwan is usually hit by 3-4 typhoons (taifeng 颱風) every year. In the 107 years from 1897 to 2003, a
total of 383 typhoons had a landfall on Taiwan or passed offshore without landfall but caused disasters on land. The
CWB uses four different categories for the classification of typhoons depending
on a storm's strength: 1. "severe typhoon" (qianglie taifeng 強烈颱風), 2. "typhoon" (zhongdu taifeng
中度颱風, literally ‘moderate typhoon' or ‘medium typhoon'), 3. "tropical storm" (qingdu taifeng 輕度颱風,
literally ‘mild typhoon'), and 4. "tropical depression" (redaixing diqiya 熱帶性低氣壓). In general, the period
between May and October is regarded as Taiwan's typhoon season. The peak frequency is in August, followed by July and
September (see table below, provided by CWB). The occurrence of typhoons in December is exceptionally rare but not
unheard of—for example, typhoon Nanmadol (nanmadou 南瑪都) made
landfall in Taiwan
on Dec. 4, 2004, killing two.
Monthly occurrences of typhoons in Taiwan between 1897 and 2003
Month |
April |
May |
June |
July |
Aug. |
Sept. |
Oct. |
Nov. |
Full year |
Typhoons 1897-2003
| 2 |
14 |
28 |
92 |
121 |
87 |
31 |
8 |
383 |
Average per year
| 0.02 |
0.13 |
0.26 |
0.86 |
1.13 |
0.81 |
0.29 |
0.07 |
3.58 |
Major typhoons in the Taiwan area since WWII
Year (date) |
Typhoon's name in English (and Chinese) |
Fatalities |
1959 (Aug. 7) |
Ellen (ailun 艾倫) |
667 |
1963 (Sept. 11–14) |
Gloria (geleli 葛樂禮) |
> 200 |
1975 (Aug. 2–8) |
Nina (nina 妮娜) |
29 |
1975 (Sept. 22) |
Betty (bidi 比蒂) |
17 |
1986 (Aug. 21–22) |
Wayne (weien 韋恩) |
68 |
1987 (Oct. 26–28) |
Lynn (lin'en 琳恩) |
13 |
1996 (July 31–Aug. 3) |
Herb (hebo 賀伯) |
51 |
1997 (Aug. 18–23) |
Winnie (wenni 溫妮) |
46 |
2000 (Aug. 22) |
Bilis (bilisi 碧利斯) |
11 |
2001 (July 29–31) |
Toraji (taozhi 桃芝) |
111 |
2001 (Sept. 16–20) |
Nari (nali 納莉) |
84 |
2004 (July 1–2) |
Mindulle (minduli 敏督利) ℹ |
18 |
2004 (Aug. 24–26) |
Aere (aili 艾利) ℹ |
30 |
2005 (July 17–19) |
Haitang (haitang 海棠) ℹ |
12 |
2008 (Sept. 13–15) |
Sinlaku (xinleke 辛樂克) ℹ |
4 |
2009 (Aug. 7–8) |
Morakot (molake 莫拉克) ℹ |
614 |
2012 (Aug. 2) |
Saola (sula 蘇拉) ℹ |
5 |
2013 (July 12–13) |
Soulik (suli 蘇力) ℹ |
3 |
2015 (Aug. 7–8) |
Soudelor (sudile 蘇迪勒) ℹ |
6 |
2016 (July 7–9) |
Nepartak (nibote 尼伯特) ℹ |
3 |
2016 (Sept. 27) |
Megi (meiji 梅姬) ℹ |
7 |
2019 (Aug. 9) |
Lekima (liqima 利奇馬) ℹ |
1 |
2019 (Aug. 24) |
Bailu (bailu 白鹿) ℹ |
1 |
A majority of victims claimed by typhoon Morakot in 2009 perished when the village of Shiaolin 小林村
(Jiaxian Township 甲仙鄉, Kaohsiung County) was buried by a massive landslide,
the townships of Liugui 六龜鄉, Namaxia 那瑪夏鄉, and Taoyuan 桃源鄉 in the same county were also severely
affected by comparable conditions.
TOP HOME
===== ===== ===== ===== =====
Statistics can be a helpful indicator for understanding the development stage of a country. For example,
underdeveloped agricultural societies often have a high population growth, comparatively low life expectancy, high
infant mortality, low number of hospital beds and physicians in relation to its population size, high illiteracy,
low per capita GDP and GNI, and so on, while for a modern industrialized economy the respective figures would look
much different.
Currently there is no single English-language source offered by ROC government agencies that provides comprehensive,
detailed statistical data in all major areas. The data shown below are therefore derived from diverse sources.
The DGBAS’s Statistical Yearbook of the ROC is the most important source for data in
this chapter. A table providing links to older versions is shown directly below.
An additional source offered by the DGBAS for English-language statistics about Taiwan is the page
"National Statistics".
Lost treasure
For decades, the most important source for statistical material from Taiwan/the ROC in English was the Taiwan Statistical
Data Book, published annually since 1962, initially by the Council for U. S. Aid (Mei yuan yunyong weiyuanhui 美援運用委員會,
abbrev. Mei yuan hui 美援會 in Chinese and CUSA in English) which would become the Council
for Economic Planning and Development (CEPD) in 1977.
On Jan. 22, 2014 the CEPD was merged with the Research, Development and Evaluation Commission
(RDEC) to constitute the National Development Council (NDC). While the publication of the Taiwan
Statistical Data Book had not been affected by the administrative changes until then, the NDC decided to terminate it following the
2019 edition. The image directly below shows the text of an email sent by the NDC in response to a query from the chief researcher on Nov. 10, 2020 confirming the termination of the Taiwan Statistical Data Book.

A page on the NDC website listing previous editions of the Taiwan Statistical Data Book for access and download has since been
deleted, but the editions shown below still circulate on the internet as PDF files. The editions 2002 through 2013 were published
by the CEPD, the NDC published the editions 2014 through 2019.
Another annual statistical publication that the NDC took over from the CEPD are the
Urban and Regional
Development Statistics (dushi ji quyu fazhan tongji huibian 都市及區域發展統計彙編, abbrev.
URDS) which are listed below in PDF format (1977 edition not available).
TOP HOME
+++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++
The population statistics shown here include recent data on the following tables:
● Total population, population growth, population density
● Age groups
● Gender balance
● Literacy rate
The main source for the population statistics on this page and elsewhere on this website is a
Chinese-language database provided
by the MOI. Annual data refer to the figure for the end of the
year (niandi 年底), monthly data to the figure for the end of the month (yuedi 月底).
Year |
Population |
+ / – |
Pop. growth |
Births | Deaths |
Area (km²) |
Pop. density |
1946 |
6,090,860 |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
35,961.2125 |
169.373 |
1950 |
7,554,399 |
+ 157,468 |
2.1288 % |
N/A |
N/A |
" |
210.070 |
1952 |
8,128,374 |
+ 259,127 |
3.2929 % |
N/A |
N/A |
" |
226.031 |
1955 |
9,077,643 |
+ 328,492 |
3.7545 % |
N/A |
N/A |
" |
252.428 |
1960 |
10,792,202 |
+ 360,861 |
3.4593 % |
422,319 | 74,212 |
" |
300.106 |
1965 |
12,628,348 |
+ 371,666 |
3.0323 % |
409,620 | 68,414 |
36,140.2675 |
349.425 |
1970 |
14,675,964 |
+ 341,102 |
2.3795 % |
396,479 | 71,640 |
" |
406.083 |
1975 |
16,223,089 |
+ 295,922 |
1.8579 % |
369,349 | 75,551 |
36,160.8363 |
448.636 |
1980 |
17,866,008 |
+ 322,941 |
1.8408 % |
413,881 | 84,333 |
36,179.1159 |
493.821 |
1985 |
19,313,825 |
+ 244,631 |
1.2828 % |
346,208 | 92,348 |
" |
533.839 |
1990 |
20,401,305 |
+ 244,718 |
1.2140 % |
335,618 | 105,669 |
36,181.8718 |
563.854 |
1995 |
21,357,431 |
+ 179,557 |
0.8478 % |
329,581 | 119,112 |
" |
590.279 |
2000 |
22,276,672 |
+ 184,285 |
0.8341 % |
305,312 | 125,958 |
36,188.0354 |
615.581 |
2005 |
22,770,383 |
+ 81,261 |
0.3581 % |
205,854 | 139,398 |
" |
629.224 |
2010 |
23,162,123 |
+ 42,351 |
0.1831 % |
166,886 | 145,772 |
36,191.4667 |
639.988 |
2011 |
23,224,912 |
+ 62,789 |
0.2710 % |
196,627 | 152,915 |
36,192.8155 |
641.699 |
2012 |
23,315,822 |
+ 90,910 |
0.3914 % |
229,481 | 154,251 |
" |
644.211 |
2013 |
23,373,517 |
+ 57,695 |
0.2474 % |
199,113 | 155,908 |
" |
645.805 |
2014 |
23,433,753 |
+ 60,236 |
0.2577 % |
210,383 | 163,929 |
" |
647.469 |
2015 |
23,492,074 |
+ 58,321 |
0.2488 % |
213,598 | 163,858 |
36,197.0669 |
649.004 |
2016 |
23,539,816 |
+ 47,742 |
0.2032 % |
208,440 | 172,405 |
" |
650.323 |
2017 |
23,571,227 |
+ 31,411 |
0.1334 % |
193,844 | 171,242 |
" |
651.191 |
2018 |
23,588,932 |
+ 17,705 |
0.0751 % |
181,601 | 172,784 |
" |
651.680 |
2019 |
23,603,121 |
+ 14,189 |
0.0601 % |
177,767 | 176,296 |
" |
652.072 |
2020 |
23,561,236 |
– 41,885 |
– 0.1774 % |
165,249 | 173,156 |
" |
650.915 |
2021 |
23,375,314 |
– 185,922 |
– 0.7891 % |
153,820 | 183,732 |
" |
645.779 |
2022 |
23,264,640 |
– 110,674 |
– 0.4734 % |
138,986 | 207,230 |
" |
642.721 |
Population figures for 1946–1970 without data for Kinmen and
Lienchiang counties. The population growth figures ("+ / –") refer to the
changes in comparison with the previous year. The population density shows the average number of persons per
square kilometer. Sources for all figures: MOI
(population growth calculated by the chief researcher)
Taiwan/the ROC reached its historical maximum population since 1949 in January 2020 with 23,604,265 persons.
The following table shows the population figures for each month in 2019 and 2020. The figures in the column "+ / –"
represent the population gains or losses compared with the previous month.
Month | 2019 | + / – | | 2020 | + / – |
January | 23,590,744 | + 1,812 | 23,604,265 | + 1,144 |
February | 23,590,004 | – 740 | 23,600,903 | – 3,362 |
March | 23,589,192 | – 812 | 23,596,493 | – 4,410 |
April | 23,589,312 | + 120 | 23,591,920 | – 4,573 |
May | 23,589,870 | + 558 | 23,586,562 | – 5,358 |
June | 23,591,031 | + 1,161 | 23,583,823 | – 2,739 |
July | 23,592,598 | + 1,567 | 23,578,705 | – 5,118 |
August | 23,593,794 | + 1,196 | 23,574,334 | – 4,371 |
September | 23,593,783 | – 11 | 23,568,378 | – 5,956 |
October | 23,596,266 | + 2,483 | 23,566,471 | – 1,907 |
November | 23,598,776 | + 2,510 | 23,563,356 | – 3,115 |
December | 23,603,121 | + 4,345 | 23,561,236 | – 2,120 |
Year |
Under 15 |
15–64 |
65 and over |
Total population |
Persons | % |
Persons | % |
Persons | % |
1975 |
5,737,621 |
35.367 |
9,917,400 |
61.131 |
568,068 |
3.501 |
16,223,089 |
1980 |
5,739,248 |
32.123 |
11,360,620 |
63.587 |
766,140 |
4.288 |
17,866,008 |
1985 |
5,716,144 |
29.596 |
12,620,626 |
65.345 |
977,055 |
5.058 |
19,313,825 |
1990 |
5,525,365 |
27.083 |
13,607,309 |
66.698 |
1,268,631 |
6.218 |
20,401,305 |
1995 |
5,076,083 |
23.767 |
14,650,294 |
68.595 |
1,631,054 |
7.636 |
21,357,431 |
2000 |
4,703,093 |
21.112 |
15,652,271 |
70.263 |
1,921,308 |
8.624 |
22,276,672 |
2005 |
4,259,049 |
18.704 |
16,294,530 |
71.560 |
2,216,804 |
9.735 |
22,770,383 |
2010 |
3,624,311 |
15.647 |
17,049,919 |
73.611 |
2,487,893 |
10.741 |
23,162,123 |
2011 |
3,501,790 |
15.077 |
17,194,873 |
74.036 |
2,528,249 |
10.885 |
23,224,912 |
2012 |
3,411,677 |
14.632 |
17,303,993 |
74.215 |
2,600,152 |
11.151 |
23,315,822 |
2013 |
3,346,601 |
14.317 |
17,332,510 |
74.154 |
2,694,406 |
11.527 |
23,373,517 |
2014 |
3,277,300 |
13.985 |
17,347,763 |
74.028 |
2,808,690 |
11.985 |
23,433,753 |
2015 |
3,187,780 |
13.569 |
17,365,715 |
73.921 |
2,938,579 |
12.508 |
23,492,074 |
2016 |
3,141,881 |
13.347 |
17,291,830 |
73.457 |
3,106,105 |
13.195 |
23,539,816 |
2017 |
3,091,873 |
13.117 |
17,211,341 |
73.018 |
3,268,013 |
13.864 |
23,571,227 |
2018 |
3,048,227 |
12.922 |
17,107,188 |
72.522 |
3,433,517 |
14.555 |
23,588,932 |
2019 |
3,010,351 |
12.754 |
16,985,643 |
71.963 |
3,607,127 |
15.282 |
23,603,121 |
2020 |
2,963,396 |
12.577 |
16,810,525 |
71.348 |
3,787,315 |
16.074 |
23,561,236 |
2021 |
2,889,908 |
12.363 |
16,546,373 |
70.785 |
3,939,033 |
16.851 |
23,375,314 |
2022 |
2,819,169 |
12.117 |
16,359,678 |
70.319 |
4,085,793 |
17.562 |
23,264,640 |
Number of persons provided by the MOI, percentages calculated by the
chief researcher.
The UN defines a society as “aging” when 7 percent of its population is older than 65. When that age group accounts for 14 percent
of a society, it is called an “aged society”, and when it reaches 20 percent, it is called a “super-aged society”.
Year |
Total population (persons) |
Male population |
Female population |
(persons) | (ratio) |
(persons) | (ratio) |
1946 |
6,090,860 |
3,060,527 |
50.247 % |
3,030,333 |
49.752 % |
1950 |
7,554,399 |
3,853,799 |
51.013% |
3,700,600 |
48.986 % |
1952 |
8,128,374 |
4,156,469 |
51.135 % |
3,971,905 |
48.864 % |
1955 |
9,077,643 |
4,647,207 |
51.193 % |
4,430,436 |
48.806 % |
1960 |
10,792,202 |
5,525,062 |
51.194 % |
5,267,140 |
48.805 % |
1965 |
12,628,348 |
6,491,539 |
51.404 % |
6,136,809 |
48.595 % |
1970 |
14,675,964 |
7,732,867 |
52.690 % |
6,943,097 |
47.309 % |
1975 |
16,223,089 |
8,501,391 |
52.403 % |
7,721,698 |
47.596 % |
1980 |
17,866,008 |
9,320,105 |
52.166 % |
8,545,903 |
47.833 % |
1985 |
19,313,825 |
10,023,344 |
51.897 % |
9,290,481 |
48.102 % |
1990 |
20,401,305 |
10,540,635 |
51.666 % |
9,860,670 |
48.333 % |
1995 |
21,357,431 |
10,990,657 |
51.460 % |
10,366,774 |
48.539 % |
2000 |
22,276,672 |
11,392,050 |
51.138 % |
10,884,622 |
48.861 % |
2005 |
22,770,383 |
11,562,440 |
50.778 % |
11,207,943 |
49.221 % |
2010 |
23,162,123 |
11,635,225 |
50.233 % |
11,526,898 |
49.766% |
2011 |
23,224,912 |
11,645,674 |
50.143 % |
11,579,238 |
49.856 % |
2012 |
23,315,822 |
11,673,319 |
50.066 % |
11,642,503 |
49.933 % |
2013 |
23,373,517 |
11,684,674 |
49.991 % |
11,688,843 |
50.008 % |
2014 |
23,433,753 |
11,697,971 |
49.919 % |
11,735,782 |
50.080 % |
2015 |
23,492,074 |
11,712,047 |
49.855 % |
11,780,027 |
50.144 % |
2016 |
23,539,816 |
11,719,270 |
49.784 % |
11,820,546 |
50.215 % |
2017 |
23,571,227 |
11,719,580 |
49.719 % |
11,851,647 |
50.280 % |
2018 |
23,588,932 |
11,712,913 |
49.654 % |
11,876,019 |
50.345 % |
2019 |
23,603,121 |
11,705,186 |
49.591 % |
11,897,935 |
50.408 % |
2020 |
23,561,236 |
11,673,765 |
49.546 % |
11,887,471 |
50.453 % |
2021 |
23,375,314 |
11,578,696 |
49.533 % |
11,796,618 |
50.466 % |
2022 |
23,264,640 |
11,499,136 |
49.427 % |
11,765,504 |
50.572 % |
Number of persons provided by the MOI, percentages calculated by the
chief researcher.
Please note that the gender imbalance in Taiwan/the ROC reached its
highest level at the end of the year 1969—total population then was 13,650,370,
with 7,554,131 males (52.697 %) and 6,780,731 females (47.302 %). Since the end
of November 2013 females have been outnumbering males in the ROC.
Month | Total population | Male | Female |
September 2013 | 23,356,588 | 11,680,729 | 11,675,859 |
October 2013 | 23,361,147 | 11,681,448 | 11,679,699 |
November 2013 | 23,367,320 | 11,683,187 | 11,684,133 |
December 2013 | 23,373,517 | 11,684,674 | 11,688,843 |
January 2014 | 23,377,515 | 11,685,438 | 11,692,077 |
The number of males peaked at the end of January 2017 with 11,719,646 individuals,
the number of females reached its highest level at the end of January 2020 with 11,899,957
individuals.
Month | Total population | Male | Female |
November 2016 | 23,532,065 | 11,716,952 | 11,815,113 |
December 2016 | 23,539,816 | 11,719,270 | 11,820,546 |
January 2017 | 23,543,346 | 11,719,646 | 11,823,700 |
February 2017 | 23,544,189 | 11,718,795 | 11,825,394 |
March 2017 | 23,545,680 | 11,718,068 | 11,827,612 |
Month | Total population | Male | Female |
November 2019 | 23,598,776 | 11,704,260 | 11,894,516 |
December 2019 | 23,603,121 | 11,705,186 | 11,897,935 |
January 2020 | 23,604,265 | 11,704,308 | 11,899,957 |
February 2020 | 23,600,903 | 11,701,322 | 11,899,581 |
March 2020 | 23,596,493 | 11,697,977 | 11,898,516 |
The table directly below shows the percentage of illiterates among persons aged 15 and above at the end
of the school year.
Year |
% |
|
Year |
% |
|
Year |
% |
1997 | 5.34 |
2006 | 2.52 |
2015 | 1.40 |
1998 | 5.08 |
2007 | 2.37 |
2016 | 1.30 |
1999 | 4.72 |
2008 | 2.22 |
2017 | 1.21 |
2000 | 4.45 |
2009 | 2.09 |
2018 | 1.13 |
2001 | 4.21 |
2010 | 1.96 |
2019 | 1.04 |
2002 | 3.97 |
2011 | 1.83 |
2020 | 0.97 |
2003 | 3.03 |
2012 | 1.71 |
2021 | 0.91 |
2004 | 2.84 |
2013 | 1.61 |
|
2005 | 2.67 |
2014 | 1.50 |
Source: MOE main education
statistical indicators, see III. Stucture
of education; 2. Educational attainment of population—aged 15 and above
👉 For comparison, the table directly below shows data from the NDC’s
Taiwan Statistical Data Book 2019 (age groups: tables 2-6a, 2-6b; literacy rates: table 2-4).
Year |
Age groups (% of population) |
Literacy rate (%) |
Under 15 |
15–64 |
65 and over |
1952 |
42.4 |
55.1 |
2.5 |
N/A |
1955 |
43.4 |
54.1 |
2.5 |
N/A |
1960 |
45.4 |
52.1 |
2.5 |
N/A |
1965 |
44.9 |
52.5 |
2.6 |
N/A |
1970 |
39.7 |
57.4 |
2.9 |
N/A |
1975 |
35.4 |
61.1 |
3.5 |
84.24 |
1980 |
32.1 |
63.6 |
4.3 |
87.74 |
1985 |
29.6 |
65.3 |
5.1 |
90.38 |
1990 |
27.1 |
66.7 |
6.2 |
92.41 |
1995 |
23.8 |
68.6 |
7.6 |
94.01 |
2000 |
21.1 |
70.3 |
8.6 |
95.55 |
2005 |
18.7 |
71.6 |
9.7 |
97.33 |
2010 |
15.6 |
73.6 |
10.7 |
98.04 |
2011 |
15.1 |
74.0 |
10.9 |
98.17 |
2012 |
14.6 |
74.2 |
11.2 |
98.29 |
2013 |
14.3 |
74.2 |
11.5 |
98.39 |
2014 |
14.0 |
74.0 |
12.0 |
98.50 |
2015 |
13.6 |
73.9 |
12.5 |
98.60 |
2016 |
13.3 |
73.5 |
13.2 |
98.70 |
2017 |
13.1 |
73.0 |
13.9 |
98.79 |
2018 |
12.9 |
72.5 |
14.6 |
98.87 |
TOP HOME
The public health statistics shown here include recent data on the following tables:
● Life expectancy
● Infant mortality rate
● Physicians and hospital beds per population
Main source for the public health statistics shown here is the DGBAS’s Statistical Yearbook
of the ROC 2020. Other useful statistics concerning that topic can be found on the MOHW website.
[Unit—years]
Year |
Life expectancy |
|
Year |
Life expectancy |
Male |
Female |
Male |
Female |
1951 | 53.10 | 57.32 |
2014 | 76.72 | 83.19 |
1971 | 67.19 | 72.08 |
2015 | 77.01 | 83.62 |
1981 | 69.74 | 74.64 |
2016 | 76.81 | 83.42 |
1991 | 71.83 | 77.14 |
2017 | 77.28 | 83.70 |
2001 | 74.07 | 79.92 |
2018 | 77.55 | 84.05 |
2011 | 75.96 | 82.63 |
2019 | 77.69 | 84.23 |
2012 | 76.43 | 82.82 |
2020 | 78.11 | 84.75 |
2013 | 76.91 | 83.36 |
2021 | N/A | N/A |
Source: Statistical Yearbook of the ROC 2020, 2021 (table 6)
[Unit—deaths per 1,000 life births]
Year |
Infant mortality |
|
Year |
Infant mortality |
|
Year |
Infant mortality |
1950 | 91.721 |
1995 | 5.954 |
2016 | 3.921 |
1955 | 70.175 |
2000 | 6.496 |
2017 | 3.817 |
1960 | 53.549 |
2005 | 5.693 |
2018 | 3.713 |
1965 | 44.940 |
2010 | 4.790 |
2019 | 3.615 |
1970 | 30.026 |
2011 | 4.604 |
2020 | 3.518 |
1975 | 13.187 |
2012 | 4.419 |
2021 | 3.420 |
1980 | 10.075 |
2013 | 4.234 |
2022 | 3.323 |
1985 | 7.446 |
2014 | 4.130 |
|
1990 | 5.715 |
2015 | 4.026 |
Source: MacroTrends.net
[Unit—per 10,000 persons]
Year |
Physicians |
Beds |
|
Year |
Physicians |
Beds |
1954 | 6.31 | 3.29 |
2014 | 20.96 | 68.91 |
1971 | 5.23 | 15.99 |
2015 | 21.41 | 69.03 |
1981 | 7.52 | 24.29 |
2016 | 21.79 | 69.31 |
1991 | 11.49 | 45.14 |
2017 | 22.51 | 69.83 |
2001 | 15.42 | 56.98 |
2018 | 23.04 | 71.02 |
2011 | 19.62 | 69.09 |
2019 | 24.00 | 71.29 |
2012 | 20.02 | 69.01 |
2020 | 24.76 | 72.06 |
2013 | 20.51 | 68.21 |
2021 | 25.52 | 73.03 |
Source: Statistical Yearbook of the ROC 2020, 2021 (table 21)
👉 For comparison, the table directly below shows data from the NDC’s
Taiwan Statistical Data Book 2019 (life expectancy, hospital beds: table 14-6; persons per physician: table 14-2).
Year |
Life expectancy |
Hospital beds |
Persons per physician |
Total |
Male |
Female |
1961 |
N/A |
62.64 |
67.18 |
3.70 |
1,661 * |
1965 |
N/A |
65.10 |
69.71 |
3.52 |
1,901 |
1970 |
N/A |
66.66 |
71.56 |
3.96 |
2,240 |
1975 |
N/A |
68.27 |
73.42 |
18.85 |
1,492 |
1980 |
N/A |
69.57 |
74.55 |
22.22 |
1,323 |
1985 |
73.02 |
70.82 |
75.81 |
38.47 |
1,130 |
1990 |
73.79 |
71.33 |
76.75 |
43.80 |
913 |
1995 |
74.53 |
71.85 |
77.74 |
52.62 |
777 |
2000 |
76.46 |
73.83 |
79.56 |
56.78 |
669 |
2005 |
77.42 |
74.50 |
80.80 |
64.29 |
588 |
2010 |
79.18 |
76.13 |
82.55 |
68.61 |
524 |
2011 |
79.15 |
75.96 |
82.63 |
69.09 |
510 |
2012 |
79.51 |
76.43 |
82.82 |
69.01 |
500 |
2013 |
80.02 |
76.91 |
83.36 |
68.21 |
488 |
2014 |
79.84 |
76.72 |
83.19 |
68.91 |
477 |
2015 |
80.20 |
77.01 |
83.62 |
69.03 |
467 |
2016 |
80.00 |
76.81 |
83.42 |
69.31 |
459 |
2017 |
80.39 |
77.28 |
83.70 |
69.83 |
444 |
2018 |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
71.02 |
434 |
Note: Life expectancy at birth in years. Hospital beds per 10,000 persons. Persons served by each physician
including TCM doctors (*: 1960).
TOP HOME
The economics and trade statistics shown here include recent data on the following tables:
● Annual economic growth rate
● GDP and GNI
● Percentage of economic sectors in GDP
● Exports and imports
● Inflation
● Unemployment rate
Main source for the economics statistics shown here is the DGBAS’s Statistical Yearbook of the ROC 2006–2020. GDP stands
for Gross Domestic Product, GNI for Gross National Income, CPI for Consumer Price Index. Other useful statistics concerning
that topic can be found on the websites of the MOEA and of the MOEA’s Bureau
of Foreign Trade (BOFT).
Year |
Growth |
|
Year |
Growth |
|
Year |
Growth |
1971 | 13.43 % |
2012 | 2.22 % |
2017 | 3.31 % |
1981 | 7.10 % |
2013 | 2.48 % |
2018 | 2.79 % |
1991 | 8.37 % |
2014 | 4.72 % |
2019 | 3.06 % |
2001 | – 1.40 % |
2015 | 1.47 % |
2020 | 3.36 % |
2011 | 3.67 % |
2016 | 2.17 % |
2021 | 6.57 % |
Source: Statistical Yearbook of the ROC 2020, 2021 (table 39)
[GDP and GNI at current prices.]
Period/ year |
Total GDP (US$ million) |
Per capita GDP |
Total GNI (NT$ million) |
Per capita GNI |
(NT$) | (US$) |
(NT$) | (US$) |
1951 |
1,197 |
1,589 |
154 |
12,320 |
1,588 |
154 |
1971 |
6,727 |
18,043 |
451 |
268,962 |
18,035 |
451 |
1981 |
49,047 |
100,079 |
2,720 |
1,794,778 |
99,544 |
2,706 |
1991 |
187,100 |
244,739 |
9,125 |
5,153,461 |
251,345 |
9,372 |
2001 |
299,303 |
452,951 |
13,397 |
10,308,613 |
461,419 |
13,647 |
2011 |
483,957 |
614,922 |
20,866 |
14,634,307 |
630,965 |
21,410 |
2012 |
495,536 |
630,749 |
21,295 |
15,109,951 |
649,322 |
21,922 |
2013 |
512,957 |
654,142 |
21,973 |
15,673,232 |
671,384 |
22,552 |
2014 |
535,332 |
694,680 |
22,874 |
16,697,152 |
713,443 |
23,492 |
2015 |
534,474 |
726,895 |
22,780 |
17,494,741 |
745,634 |
23,367 |
2016 |
543,002 |
746,526 |
23,091 |
18,006,409 |
765,711 |
23,684 |
2017 |
590,780 |
763,445 |
25,080 |
18,430,708 |
782,437 |
25,704 |
2018 |
609,251 |
779,260 |
25,838 |
18,789,823 |
796,852 |
26,421 |
2019 |
611,336 |
801,348 |
25,908 |
19,384,783 |
821,527 |
26,561 |
2020 |
669,324 |
839,558 |
28,383 |
20,370,436 |
863,806 |
29,202 |
2021 |
774,942 |
924,796 |
33,011 |
22,169,631 |
944,346 |
33,708 |
Source: Statistical Yearbook of the ROC 2020 (GDP, GNI: table 39; per capita GDP, GNI: table 40)
Period/ year |
Structure of production (% of GDP by industry) |
AGRICULTURE |
INDUSTRY (Manufacturing) |
SERVICES |
2007 |
1.45 |
32.10 (27.63) |
65.15 |
2008 |
1.55 |
30.50 (26.65) |
66.75 |
2009 |
1.68 |
30.69 (25.96) |
66.38 |
2010 |
1.61 |
33.30 (28.60) |
64.83 |
2011 |
1.74 |
32.62 (28.27) |
65.64 |
2012 |
1.70 |
32.66 (28.33) |
65.64 |
2013 |
1.73 |
33.72 (29.12) |
64.54 |
2014 |
1.85 |
35.57 (30.94) |
62.57 |
2015 |
1.76 |
36.29 (31.42) |
61.95 |
2016 |
1.87 |
36.87 (32.22) |
61.27 |
2017 |
1.82 |
36.83 (32.53) |
61.35 |
2018 |
1.69 |
36.31 (32.13) |
62.00 |
2019 |
1.68 |
35.46 (30.96) |
62.86 |
2020 |
1.59 |
37.12 (32.07) |
61.29 |
2021 |
1.49 |
37.92 (32.85) |
60.59 |
Data provided by the Chung-Hua Institution
for Economic Research (CIER)
[Unit—million US$]
Year |
Exports |
Imports |
Balance |
|
Year |
Exports |
Imports |
Balance |
1980 | 19,811 | 19,733 | 77 |
2013 | 310,866 | 277,384 | 33,481 |
1985 | 30,726 | 20,102 | 10,624 |
2014 | 319,413 | 281,096 | 38,318 |
1990 | 67,214 | 54,716 | 12,498 |
2015 | 284,434 | 236,380 | 48,053 |
1995 | 113,342 | 104,012 | 9,330 |
2016 | 279,175 | 229,199 | 49,975 |
2000 | 151,950 | 140,732 | 11,218 |
2017 | 315,487 | 257,200 | 58,287 |
2005 | 198,432 | 182,614 | 15,817 |
2018 | 334,007 | 284,792 | 49,216 |
2010 | 277,352 | 255,746 | 21,606 |
2019 | 329,157 | 285,651 | 43,506 |
2011 | 312,182 | 287,316 | 24,866 |
2020 | 345,126 | 286,148 | 58,978 |
2012 | 305,315 | 276,466 | 28,848 |
2021 | 446,379 | 381,494 | 64,885 |
Sources: Statistical Yearbooks of the ROC—2006 (table 119), 2021 (table 53), using data from the
MOF
Year |
CPI change |
|
Year |
CPI change |
|
Year |
CPI change |
1960 | 18.5 % |
2000 | 1.26 % |
2016 | 1.39 % |
1965 | – 0.07 % |
2005 | 2.31 % |
2017 | 0.62 % |
1970 | 3.58 % |
2010 | 0.97 % |
2018 | 1.35 % |
1975 | 5.24 % |
2011 | 1.42 % |
2019 | 0.56 % |
1980 | 19.0 % |
2012 | 1.93 % |
2020 | – 0.23 % |
1985 | – 0.17 % |
2013 | 0.79 % |
2021 | 1.96 % |
1990 | 4.12 % |
2014 | 1.20 % |
2022 | 2.71 % |
1995 | 3.66 % |
2015 | – 0.30 % |
|
Data on the annual change of Consumer Price Indices in Taiwan Area come from the DGBAS’s website
"National Statistics".
The MOF offers figures about public finance and trade statistics; click
here.
Year |
Unemployment |
|
Year |
Unemployment |
|
Year |
Unemployment |
1952 | 4.5 % |
2011 | 4.39 % |
2018 | 3.71 % |
1971 | 1.7 % |
2012 | 4.24 % |
2019 | 3.73 % |
1981 | 1.4 % |
2013 | 4.18 % |
2020 | 3.85 % |
1991 | 1.51 % |
2014 | 3.96 % |
2021 | 3.95 % |
2001 | 4.57 % |
2015 | 3.78 % |
2022 | 3.67 % |
2006 | 3.91 % |
2016 | 3.92 % |
|
2010 | 5.21 % |
2017 | 3.76 % |
Sources: Statistical Yearbook of the ROC 2021 (table 7), MOL figures about labor status
More labor statistics can be found on the website of the MOL, links see below.
MOL statistics—yearly bulletin
Major economic indicators, click here
or here.
👉 For comparison, the tables directly below shows data from the NDC’s
Taiwan Statistical Data Book 2019 (GDP, per capita GNI, economic growth, change CPI: table 1-1a; total GNI: table 3-1;
structure of production: table 3-8b; exports, imports, trade balance, unemployment rate: table 1-1c).
Period/ year |
Total GDP (US$ million) |
Per capita GDP |
Total GNI (NT$ million) |
Per capita GNI |
(NT$) |
(US$) |
(NT$) |
(US$) |
1952 |
1,711 |
2,190 |
213 |
17,271 |
2,146 |
208 |
1955 |
1,940 |
3,364 |
216 |
30,160 |
3,363 |
216 |
1960 |
1,743 |
5,943 |
163 |
63,371 |
5,940 |
163 |
1965 |
2,869 |
9,173 |
229 |
114,577 |
9,157 |
229 |
1970 |
5,786 |
15,870 |
397 |
231,015 |
15,841 |
396 |
1975 |
15,838 |
37,438 |
985 |
598,483 |
37,230 |
980 |
1980 |
42,295 |
86,002 |
2,389 |
1,520,519 |
85,883 |
2,386 |
1985 |
63,623 |
132,142 |
3,315 |
2,583,166 |
134,599 |
3,377 |
1990 |
166,615 |
220,933 |
8,216 |
4,597,595 |
226,718 |
8,431 |
1995 |
279,224 |
347,789 |
13,129 |
7,507,569 |
353,004 |
13,326 |
2000 |
331,452 |
466,598 |
14,941 |
10,490,818 |
472,889 |
15,142 |
2005 |
375,769 |
532,001 |
16,532 |
12,383,120 |
544,798 |
16,930 |
2010 |
446,105 |
610,140 |
19,278 |
14,548,852 |
628,706 |
19,864 |
2011 |
485,653 |
617,078 |
20,939 |
14,700,572 |
633,822 |
21,507 |
2012 |
495,845 |
631,142 |
21,308 |
15,141,108 |
650,660 |
21,967 |
2013 |
511,614 |
652,429 |
21,916 |
15,654,588 |
670,585 |
22,526 |
2014 |
530,519 |
688,434 |
22,668 |
16,582,405 |
708,540 |
23,330 |
2015 |
525,562 |
714,774 |
22,400 |
17,301,397 |
737,393 |
23,109 |
2016 |
531,281 |
730,411 |
22,592 |
17,705,994 |
752,936 |
23,289 |
2017 |
574,940 |
742,976 |
24,408 |
17,965,345 |
762,681 |
25,055 |
2018 |
589,997 |
754,711 |
25,026 |
18,129,011 |
768,959 |
25,501 |
Note: Total GDP in US$ and GNI in NT$ million at current prices.
Period/ year |
Structure of production (% of GDP by industry) |
AGRICULTURE |
INDUSTRY (Manufacturing) |
SERVICES |
1952 |
32.2 |
19.7 (12.9) |
48.1 |
1955 |
29.1 |
23.2 (15.6) |
47.7 |
1960 |
28.5 |
26.9 (19.1) |
44.6 |
1965 |
23.6 |
30.2 (22.3) |
46.2 |
1970 |
15.5 |
36.8 (29.2) |
47.7 |
1975 |
12.7 |
39.9 (30.9) |
47.4 |
1980 |
7.7 |
45.7 (36.0) |
46.6 |
1985 |
5.7 |
44.6 (34.9) |
49.7 |
1990 |
4.0 |
39.3 (31.2) |
56.7 |
1995 |
3.3 |
33.7 (25.6) |
63.0 |
2000 |
2.0 |
31.3 (25.6) |
66.7 |
2005 |
1.6 |
32.3 (27.8) |
66.1 |
2010 |
1.6 |
33.8 (29.1) |
64.6 |
2011 |
1.7 |
33.0 (28.7) |
65.3 |
2012 |
1.7 |
32.8 (28.4) |
65.6 |
2013 |
1.7 |
33.5 (28.8) |
64.9 |
2014 |
1.8 |
34.8 (30.0) |
63.4 |
2015 |
1.7 |
35.3 (30.2) |
63.0 |
2016 |
1.8 |
35.5 (30.7) |
62.7 |
2017 |
1.8 |
35.5 (31.0) |
62.7 |
2018 |
1.6 |
35.2 (30.8) |
63.2 |
Note: Source for the figures 1952 through 1980—Taiwan Statistical Data Book 2004 (at market prices,
see table 1-1b).
Year |
Exports (US$ million) |
Imports (US$ million) |
Trade balance (US$ million) |
1952 |
116 |
187 |
– 71 |
1955 |
123 |
201 |
– 78 |
1960 |
164 |
297 |
– 133 |
1965 |
450 |
556 |
– 106 |
1970 |
1,481 |
1,524 |
– 43 |
1975 |
5,309 |
5,952 |
– 643 |
1980 |
19,811 |
19,733 |
+ 77 |
1985 |
30,726 |
20,102 |
+ 10,624 |
1990 |
67,214 |
54,716 |
+ 12,498 |
1995 |
113,342 |
104,012 |
+ 9,330 |
2000 |
151,950 |
140,732 |
+ 11,218 |
2005 |
199,761 |
185,438 |
+ 14,323 |
2010 |
278,008 |
256,274 |
+ 21,734 |
2011 |
312,923 |
288,062 |
+ 24,861 |
2012 |
306,409 |
277,324 |
+ 29,085 |
2013 |
311,428 |
278,010 |
+ 33,418 |
2014 |
320,092 |
281,850 |
+ 38,242 |
2015 |
285,344 |
237,219 |
+ 48,124 |
2016 |
280,321 |
230,568 |
+ 49,753 |
2017 |
317,249 |
259,266 |
+ 57,983 |
2018 |
335,909 |
286,333 |
+ 49,576 |
Note: Exports at f.o.b. prices, imports at c.i.f. prices.
Period/ year |
Economic growth rate (%) |
Change CPI (%) |
Unemployment rate (%) |
1952 |
11.8 |
N/A |
4.37 |
1955 |
7.7 |
N/A |
3.81 |
1960 |
7.2 |
18.6 |
3.98 |
1965 |
11.9 |
– 0.1 |
3.29 |
1970 |
11.5 |
3.6 |
1.70 |
1975 |
6.2 |
5.2 |
2.40 |
1980 |
8.0 |
19.0 |
1.23 |
1985 |
4.8 |
– 0.2 |
2.91 |
1990 |
5.7 |
4.1 |
1.67 |
1995 |
6.5 |
3.7 |
1.79 |
2000 |
6.4 |
1.3 |
2.99 |
2005 |
5.4 |
2.3 |
4.13 |
2010 |
10.6 |
1.0 |
5.21 |
2011 |
3.8 |
1.4 |
4.39 |
2012 |
2.1 |
1.9 |
4.24 |
2013 |
2.2 |
0.8 |
4.18 |
2014 |
4.0 |
1.2 |
3.96 |
2015 |
0.8 |
– 0.3 |
3.78 |
2016 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
3.92 |
2017 |
3.1 |
0.6 |
3.76 |
2018 |
2.6 |
1.4 |
3.71 |
Note: Economic growth rate at 2011 prices, for 1952 at 2006 prices.
TOP HOME
The financial statistics shown here include recent data on the following tables:
● Government revenues and expenditures
● Foreign exchange reserves since 1965
● Annual currency exchange rates since 1993
● Annual average prices (US$) for crude oil and gold since 1978
Main source for the financial statistics shown here is the DGBAS’s Statistical Yearbook of the ROC 2020. For
public finance and trade statistics of the MOF click
here. Statistics of the ROC Central Bank
can be found here.
Fiscal year |
Revenues (million US$) |
Expenditures (million US$) |
|
Fiscal year |
Revenues (million US$) |
Expenditures (million US$) |
1976 | 156,124 | 146,594 |
2014 | 2,508,815 | 2,645,712 |
1981 | 411,712 | 425,731 |
2015 | 2,662,328 | 2,645,189 |
1991 | 1,049,931 | 1,275,613 |
2016 | 2,690,918 | 2,745,305 |
2001 | 1,896,841 | 2,271,755 |
2017 | 2,753,329 | 2,778,361 |
2006 | 2,177,018 | 2,214,226 |
2018 | 2,848,611 | 2,845,491 |
2011 | 2,306,173 | 2,612,947 |
2019 | 2,931,855 | 2,911,648 |
2012 | 2,321,205 | 2,677,984 |
2020 | 3,036,132 | 3,241,989 |
2013 | 2,457,632 | 2,665,241 |
2021 | 3,321,122 | 3,359,420 |
Source: Statistical Yearbook of the ROC 2021 (revenues: table 90, expenditures: table 91), using data
from the MOF, National Audit Office
Year |
Amount |
|
Year |
Amount |
|
Year |
Amount |
|
Year |
Amount |
1965 | 245 |
1995 | 90,310 |
2013 | 416,811 |
2019 | 478,126 |
1970 | 482 |
2000 | 106,742 |
2014 | 418,980 |
2020 | 529,911 |
1975 | 1,074 |
2005 | 253,290 |
2015 | 426,031 |
2021 | 548,408 |
1980 | 2,205 |
2010 | 382,005 |
2016 | 434,204 |
2022 | 554,932 |
1985 | 22,556 |
2011 | 385,547 |
2017 | 451,500 |
|
1990 | 72,441 |
2012 | 403,169 |
2018 | 461,784 |
Note: Foreign exchange reserves figures for December of the listed year, provided by the ROC
Central Bank. (Unit: million US$)
|
1 US$ = NT$... |
|
1 Euro (€) = NT$... |
Year |
Average |
Low |
High |
Average |
Low |
High |
1993 |
26.80743 |
25.820 |
26.930 |
— |
— |
— |
1994 |
26.46244 |
25.920 |
27.150 |
— |
— |
— |
1995 |
26.49397 |
25.010 |
27.497 |
— |
— |
— |
1996 |
27.46026 |
27.060 |
27.960 |
— |
— |
— |
1997 |
28.71918 |
26.550 |
33.481 |
— |
— |
— |
1998 |
33.49656 |
31.750 |
35.200 |
— |
— |
— |
1999 |
32.31913 |
30.000 |
33.290 |
34.48378 |
31.6506 |
38.0808 |
2000 |
31.26272 |
30.200 |
33.188 |
28.89330 |
26.5582 |
32.2497 |
2001 |
33.98527 |
32.070 |
36.188 |
30.46173 |
28.6633 |
33.6050 |
2002 |
34.58156 |
31.332 |
36.710 |
32.69697 |
30.0432 |
36.6486 |
2003 |
34.48082 |
33.460 |
35.010 |
39.02490 |
36.1088 |
42.8319 |
2004 |
33.46888 |
31.532 |
35.311 |
41.61540 |
39.0600 |
43.7138 |
2005 |
32.19914 |
30.720 |
33.780 |
40.06741 |
37.8018 |
43.3937 |
2006 |
32.55646 |
31.250 |
33.350 |
40.90074 |
38.4480 |
43.1822 |
2007 |
32.88258 |
32.172 |
33.500 |
45.06189 |
42.3091 |
48.1300 |
2008 |
31.55586 |
29.979 |
33.610 |
46.32524 |
41.4447 |
48.8477 |
2009 |
33.06652 |
31.763 |
35.170 |
46.06811 |
43.1330 |
48.6842 |
2010 |
31.55146 |
29.040 |
32.528 |
41.88182 |
38.7263 |
46.1335 |
2011 |
29.51258 |
28.1430 |
30.4925 |
41.08356 |
37.7585 |
42.7075 |
2012 |
29.66223 |
28.4733 |
30.1300 |
38.14149 |
36.0308 |
39.7009 |
2013 |
29.75442 |
28.9167 |
30.0667 |
39.51745 |
37.6699 |
41.1673 |
2014 |
30.35176 |
29.7767 |
31.7033 |
40.33046 |
38.1307 |
42.2859 |
2015 |
31.7827 |
30.41912 |
33.22488 |
35.2764 |
33.11039 |
38.31674 |
2016 |
32.2562 |
31.14619 |
33.69891 |
35.6998 |
33.22085 |
37.57433 |
2017 |
30.4252 |
29.64730 |
32.48700 |
34.3745 |
32.18983 |
36.15095 |
2018 |
30.1316 |
28.98731 |
31.08776 |
35.5660 |
34.58913 |
36.58470 |
2019 |
30.8869 |
29.90482 |
31.72333 |
34.5894 |
33.29275 |
35.66489 |
2020 |
29.4428 |
27.93349 |
30.43304 |
33.5964 |
32.27834 |
35.10003 |
2021 |
27.9157 |
27.5115 |
28.6233 |
33.0251 |
31.1300 |
34.5694 |
2022 |
29.7834 |
27.4409 |
32.3291 |
31.3260 |
29.8862 |
32.8927 |
Sources: All figures 1993–2014 by Oanda.com (interbank rate); figures since 2015—yearly average rates by
Exchange Rates UK, annual highs and lows by XE.com. For foreign exchange rates of the day click here.

Year |
Oil |
Gold |
|
Year |
Oil |
Gold |
|
Year |
Oil |
Gold |
1978 |
9.00 |
193.22 |
1993 |
14.25 |
359.77 |
2008 |
94.04 |
871.96 |
1979 |
12.64 |
306.68 |
1994 |
13.19 |
384.00 |
2009 |
56.39 |
972.35 |
1980 |
21.59 |
612.56 |
1995 |
14.62 |
384.17 |
2010 |
74.71 |
1,224.53 |
1981 |
31.77 |
460.03 |
1996 |
18.46 |
387.77 |
2011 |
95.73 |
1,571.52 |
1982 |
28.52 |
375.67 |
1997 |
17.23 |
330.98 |
2012 |
94.52 |
1,668.98 |
1983 |
26.19 |
424.35 |
1998 |
10.87 |
294.24 |
2013 |
96.13 |
1,411.23 |
1984 |
25.88 |
360.48 |
1999 |
15.56 |
278.88 |
2014 |
87.39 |
1,266.40 |
1985 |
24.09 |
317.26 |
2000 |
26.72 |
279.11 |
2015 |
44.39 |
1,160.06 |
1986 |
12.51 |
367.66 |
2001 |
21.84 |
271.04 |
2016 |
38.29 |
1,250.74 |
1987 |
15.40 |
446.46 |
2002 |
22.51 |
309.73 |
2017 |
48.05 |
1,257.12 |
1988 |
12.58 |
436.94 |
2003 |
27.56 |
363.38 |
2018 |
61.40 |
1,268.49 |
1989 |
15.86 |
381.44 |
2004 |
36.77 |
409.72 |
2019 |
55.59 |
1,392.60 |
1990 |
20.03 |
383.51 |
2005 |
50.28 |
444.74 |
2020 |
36.86 |
1,769.64 |
1991 |
16.54 |
362.11 |
2006 |
59.69 |
603.46 |
2021 |
65.84 |
1,798.61 |
1992 |
15.99 |
343.82 |
2007 |
66.52 |
695.39 |
2022 |
93.97 |
1,800.09 |
Note: The oil prices are listed in US$ per barrel (42 gallons = 158.98 l) as crude oil prices (domestic first
purchase prices), source: Energy Information Administration,
i. e. official energy statistics from the US government. The gold prices are listed in US$ per troy ounce (31.1 g), source:
Kitco Bullion Dealers.
👉 For comparison, the table directly below shows data from the NDC’s
Taiwan Statistical Data Book 2019 (table 9-1a).
Fiscal year |
Govt. revenues
(NT$ million) ① |
Govt. expenditures
(NT$ million) ② |
Surplus/deficit
(NT$ million) ③ |
1955 |
6,077 |
6,414 |
N/A |
1960 |
11,699 |
12,080 |
N/A |
1965 |
22,146 |
22,387 |
N/A |
1970 |
46,586 |
35,901 |
1,061 |
1975 |
123,238 |
82,915 |
2,753 |
1980 |
327,649 |
213,738 |
352 |
1985 |
531,075 |
382,713 |
– 3,735 |
1990 |
1,053,410 |
702,812 |
– 5,116 |
1995 |
1,522,624 |
1,328,425 |
– 350,637 |
2000 |
2,679,563 |
2,529,683 |
– 356,074 |
2002 |
1,706,602 |
1,649,952 |
– 357,075 |
2004 |
1,845,279 |
1,703,657 |
– 317,647 |
2006 |
2,094,023 |
1,754,091 |
– 37,208 |
2008 |
2,181,188 |
1,811,308 |
– 111,972 |
2010 |
2,062,022 |
1,911,511 |
– 451,251 |
2011 |
2,238,905 |
2,020,023 |
– 306,774 |
2012 |
2,259,104 |
2,179,796 |
– 356,779 |
2013 |
2,370,392 |
2,166,627 |
– 207,609 |
2014 |
2,416,204 |
2,191,528 |
– 136,897 |
2015 |
2,592,406 |
2,216,782 |
17,139 |
2016 |
2,642,536 |
2,292,303 |
– 54,388 |
2017 |
2,718,248 |
2,283,605 |
– 25,032 |
2018 |
2,810,017 |
2,295,207 |
4,450 |
Note: Column 1 (①) shows total net government
revenues of all levels, column 2 (②) total net government
expenditures of all levels, column 3 (③) total surplus
or deficit of current account and capital account combined. Before 2000, the fiscal year (FY) begins July 1 of the preceding year
and ends June 30. FY 2000 extends from July 1, 1999 to Dec. 31, 2000; subsequent FYs follow the calendar year (from Jan. 1 to Dec. 31).
Figures for 1955–1965 from the Taiwan Statistical Data Book 2013 (revenues: table 9-2a, expenditures: table 9-3a).
TOP HOME
The energy statistics shown here include recent data on the following tables:
● Power generation
● Domestic power consumption
Main sources for the energy statistics below are the Energy Statistics Handbook 2020 and the Energy Statistics Handbook 2021 published by the MOEA’s Bureau of Energy (BOE).
Please note that the two editions of the Energy Statistics Handbook can also be viewed in PDF format—2020 and 2021.
For the BOE’s energy statistical annual reports click here.
———OVERVIEW———
Year |
Total (GWh) |
Pumped Hydro GWh (%) |
Coal-fired GWh (%) |
Oil-fired GWh (%) |
LNG fired GWh (%) |
Nuclear GWh (%) |
Renewables GWh (%) |
2000 |
184,841 |
4,310 (2.33 %) |
87,044 (47.09 %) |
30,971 (16.76 %) |
17,658 (9.55 %) |
38,503 (20.83 %) |
6,354 (3.44 %) |
2005 |
227,512.3 |
3,838.5 (1.69 %) |
120,132.2 (52.80 %) |
17,112.8 (7.52 %) |
38,915.7 (17.10 %) |
39,972.0 (17.57 %) |
7,541.0 (3.31 %) |
2010 |
247,058.9 |
3,061.0 (1.24 %) |
122,384.1 (49.54 %) |
11,099.5 (4.49 %) |
60,245.8 (24.39 %) |
41,628.7 (16.85 %) |
8,639.8 (3.50 %) |
2011 |
252,167.0 |
2,902.1 (1.15 %) |
124,485.9 (49.37 %) |
9,470.0 (3.76 %) |
64,205.5 (25.46 %) |
42,116.5 (16.70 %) |
8,987.1 (3.56 %) |
2012 |
250,373.4 |
2,936.9 (1.17 %) |
122,451.3 (48.91 %) |
7,609.4 (3.04 %) |
66,291.9 (26.48 %) |
40,421.7 (16.14 %) |
10,662.1 (4.26 %) |
2013 |
252,340.8 |
3,187.1 (1.26 %) |
121,471.5 (48.14 %) |
6,798.6 (2.69 %) |
68,389.0 (27.10 %) |
41,639.4 (16.50 %) |
10,855.2 (4.30 %) |
2014 |
259,963.9 |
3,121.2 (1.20 %) |
123,450.2 (47.49 %) |
8,011.1 (3.08 %) |
73,070.1 (28.11 %) |
42,389.0 (16.31 %) |
9,922.4 (3.82 %) |
2015 |
258,141.9 |
3,035.0 (1.18 %) |
117,164.1 (45.39 %) |
11,986.7 (4.64 %) |
79,009.0 (30.61 %) |
36,471.1 (14.13 %) |
10,476.1 (4.06 %) |
2016 |
264,107.7 |
3,293.7 (1.25 %) |
121,233.1 (45.90 %) |
11,889.0 (4.50 %) |
83,300.4 (31.54 %) |
31,661.4 (11.99 %) |
12,730.1 (4.82 %) |
2017 |
270,256.4 |
3,333.7 (1.23 %) |
127,973.2 (47.35 %) |
12,710.5 (4.70 %) |
91,428.0 (33.83 %) |
22,445.5 (8.31 %) |
12,365.4 ( 4.58 %) |
2018 |
275,545.2 |
3,370.8 (1.22 %) |
131,262.0 (47.64 %) |
8,172.4 (2.97 %) |
92,409.0 (33.54 %) |
27,678.3 (10.05 %) |
12,652.7 (4.59 %) |
2019 |
274,188.7 |
3,208.1 (1.17 %) |
126,407.2 (46.10 %) |
5,849.9 (2.13 %) |
91,145.4 (33.24 %) |
32,323.4 (11.79 %) |
15,254.6 (5.56 %) |
2020 |
279,978.2 |
3,158.9 (1.13 %) |
125,914.2 (44.97 %) |
4,419.9 (1.58 %) |
99,887.2 (35.68 %) |
31,440.2 (11.23 %) |
15,157.7 (5.41 %) |
2021 |
290,936.0 |
3,184.0 (1.09 %) |
128,898.5 (44.30 %) |
5,331.8 (1.83 %) |
108,305.5 (37.23 %) |
27,787.9 (9.55 %) |
17,428.3 (5.99 %) |
[Units—GWh and percentage]
———DETAILS ON RENEWABLE ENERGY———
Year |
Subtotal GWh (%) |
Conv. Hydro GWh (%) |
Geothermal GWh (%) |
Photovoltaic GWh (%) |
Wind GWh (%) |
Biomass GWh (%) |
Waste GWh (%) |
2000 |
6,354 (3.44 %) |
4,560 (2.47 %) |
— |
0 (0.00 %) |
1 (0.00 %) |
302 (0.16 %) |
1,491 (0.81 %) |
2005 |
7,541.0 (3.31 %) |
4,071.4 (1.79 %) |
— |
1.0 (0.00 %) |
91.3 (0.04 %) |
323.5 (0.14 %) |
3,053.8 (1.34 %) |
2010 |
8,639.8 (3.50 %) |
4,194.1 (1.70 %) |
— |
21.7 (0.01 %) |
1,026.3 (0.42 %) |
270.0 (0.11 %) |
3,127.6 (1.27 %) |
2011 |
8,987.1 (3.56 %) |
3,999.7 (1.59 %) |
— |
61.6 (0.02 %) |
1,492.7 (0.59 %) |
236.1 (0.09 %) |
3,197.0 (1.27 %) |
2012 |
10,662.1 (4.26 %) |
5,669.6 (2.26 %) |
— |
159.9 (0.06 %) |
1,413.5 (0.56 %) |
241.5 (0.10 %) |
3,177.7 (1.27 %) |
2013 |
10,855.2 (4.30 %) |
5,422.9 (2.15 %) |
— |
321.1 (0.13 %) |
1,640.0 (0.65 %) |
225.6 (0.09 %) |
3,245.7 (1.29 %) |
2014 |
9,922.4 (3.82 %) |
4,317.9 (1.66 %) |
— |
528.8 (0.20 %) |
1,500.5 (0.58 %) |
249.8 (0.10 %) |
3,325.5 (1.28 %) |
2015 |
10,476.1 (4.06 %) |
4,470.1 (1.73 %) |
— |
850.3 (0.33 %) |
1,525.2 (0.59 %) |
246.2 (0.10 %) |
3,384.2 (1.31 %) |
2016 |
12,730.1 (4.82 %) |
6,562.0 (2.48 %) |
— |
1,109.0 (0.42 %) |
1,457.1 (0.55 %) |
205.4 (0.08 %) |
3,396.6 (1.29 %) |
2017 |
12,365.4 (4.58 %) |
5,446.8 (2.02 %) |
— |
1,667.5 (0.62 %) |
1,722.5 (0.64 %) |
187.7 (0.07 %) |
3,341.0 (1.24 %) |
2018 |
12,652.7 (4.59 %) |
4,481.6 (1.63 %) |
0.0 (0.00 %) |
2,712.1 (0.98 %) |
1,707.2 (0.62 %) |
185.3 (0.07 %) |
3,566.6 (1.29 %) |
2019 |
15,254.6 (5.56 %) |
5,544.8 (2.02 %) |
0.8 (0.00 %) |
4,015.9 (1.46 %) |
1,892.2 (0.69 %) |
166.0 (0.06 %) |
3,634.9 (1.33 %) |
2020 |
15,157.7 (5.41 %) |
3,019.2 (1.08 %) |
1.9 (0.00 %) |
6,074.7 (2.17 %) |
2,308.9 (0.82 %) |
185.7 (0.07 %) |
3,567.4 (1.27 %) |
2021 |
17,428.3 (5.99 %) |
3,469.1 (1.19 %) |
9.1 (0.00 %) |
7,968.7 (2.74 %) |
2,208.6 (0.76 %) |
169.3 (0.06 %) |
3,603.5 (1.24 %) |
Source: Energy Statistics Handbook 2020, p. 85-86; 2021, p. 44-47
Year |
Total (GWh) |
Energy sector own use (%) |
Indus- trial (%) |
Transpor- tation (%) |
Agricul- tural (%) |
Services (%) |
Residen- tial (%) |
Line loss rate (%) |
2000 |
176,503.4 |
9.33 |
49.78 |
0.26 |
1.28 |
19.77 |
19.57 |
5.58 |
2005 |
218,457.5 |
8.95 |
50.12 |
0.26 |
1.14 |
20.17 |
19.37 |
4.76 |
2010 |
237,407.3 |
8.01 |
52.76 |
0.50 |
1.10 |
19.33 |
18.29 |
4.66 |
2011 |
242,086.3 |
7.87 |
53.24 |
0.51 |
1.13 |
18.91 |
18.35 |
4.76 |
2012 |
241,111.6 |
7.73 |
53.72 |
0.53 |
1.12 |
18.97 |
17.93 |
4.42 |
2013 |
245,123.4 |
7.51 |
54.35 |
0.54 |
1.12 |
18.71 |
17.78 |
4.25 |
2014 |
251,100.4 |
7.50 |
54.33 |
0.54 |
1.13 |
18.51 |
17.99 |
4.09 |
2015 |
250,019.3 |
7.60 |
53.88 |
0.56 |
1.17 |
18.85 |
17.95 |
3.72 |
2016 |
255,420.1 |
7.41 |
53.59 |
0.56 |
1.14 |
18.77 |
18.53 |
3.85 |
2017 |
261,394.6 |
7.59 |
53.98 |
0.57 |
1.16 |
18.47 |
18.21 |
3.82 |
2018 |
266,568.2 |
7.19 |
55.88 |
0.57 |
1.11 |
17.66 |
17.58 |
3.94 |
2019 |
265,720.0 |
7.37 |
55.58 |
0.59 |
1.15 |
17.56 |
17.75 |
3.86 |
2020 |
271,239.5 |
7.12 |
55.58 |
0.58 |
1.21 |
17.01 |
18.50 |
3.97 |
2021 |
283,366.1 |
6.64 |
56.97 |
0.55 |
1.17 |
16.07 |
18.61 |
3.53 |
The line loss rate data is from the Taiwan Power Company.
Source: Energy Statistics Handbook 2020, p. 87-88; 2021, p. 14, 73-74
TOP HOME
👉 For comparison, the tables directly below shows data from the NDC’s
Taiwan Statistical Data Book 2019—power generation (tables 5-6a, 5-6b), power consumption (table 5-6b).
Power generation
Year |
Total (million kWh) |
Hydro (%) |
Thermal (%) |
Nuclear (%) |
Wind (%) |
Solar (%) |
BioEnergy (%) |
1952 |
1,420 |
86.7 |
13.3 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
1955 |
1,966 |
77.9 |
22.1 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
1960 |
3,628 |
56.9 |
43.1 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
1965 |
6,455 |
40.1 |
59.9 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
1970 |
13,213 |
21.5 |
78.5 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
1975 |
22,894 |
22.9 |
77.1 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
1980 |
40,813 |
7.1 |
73.7 |
19.2 |
— |
— |
— |
1985 |
52,556 |
13.1 |
34.5 |
52.4 |
— |
— |
— |
1990 |
82,350 |
9.9 |
51.8 |
38.3 |
— |
— |
— |
1995 |
117,859 |
7.5 |
63.7 |
28.8 |
— |
— |
— |
2000 |
156,511 |
5.7 |
70.7 |
23.6 |
— |
— |
— |
2005 |
189,663 |
4.2 |
75.6 |
20.2 |
0.042 |
— |
— |
2010 |
207,385 |
3.5 |
76.7 |
19.3 |
0.493 |
0.0030 |
— |
2011 |
213,042 |
3.2 |
77.0 |
19.0 |
0.719 |
0.0179 |
— |
2012 |
211,708 |
4.0 |
76.8 |
18.4 |
0.704 |
0.0654 |
— |
2013 |
213,429 |
4.0 |
76.3 |
18.8 |
0.758 |
0.1411 |
— |
2014 |
219,224 |
3.4 |
77.1 |
18.6 |
0.678 |
0.2334 |
— |
2015 |
219,104 |
3.4 |
79.5 |
16.0 |
0.686 |
0.370 |
0.001 |
2016 |
225,793 |
4.3 |
81.0 |
13.5 |
0.641 |
0.473 |
0.001 |
2017 |
231,076 |
3.8 |
85.4 |
9.3 |
0.733 |
0.701 |
0.001 |
2018 |
233,289 |
3.3 |
83.4 |
11.4 |
0.704 |
1.141 |
0.002 |
Power consumption
Year |
Industry (%) |
Residential/commercial (%) |
1952 |
75.9 |
24.1 |
1955 |
77.3 |
22.7 |
1960 |
81.2 |
18.8 |
1965 |
80.3 |
19.7 |
1970 |
77.2 |
22.8 |
1975 |
75.9 |
24.1 |
1980 |
75.9 |
24.1 |
1985 |
72.9 |
27.1 |
1990 |
69.7 |
30.3 |
1995 |
65.4 |
34.6 |
2000 |
66.5 |
33.5 |
2005 |
67.1 |
32.9 |
2010 |
69.4 |
30.6 |
2011 |
69.6 |
30.4 |
2012 |
70.1 |
29.9 |
2013 |
70.6 |
29.4 |
2014 |
70.2 |
29.8 |
2015 |
70.4 |
29.6 |
2016 |
70.0 |
30.0 |
2017 |
70.5 |
29.5 |
2018 |
71.0 |
29.0 |
TOP HOME
===== ===== ===== ===== =====
Anybody who has lived in Taiwan for a while or corresponded with persons, organizations or businesses residing in
Taiwan will discover sooner or later that addresses sometimes come with a 3-digit postal code and sometimes with a 5-digit
postal code. In fact, since Feb. 1, 1991 any address in the Taiwan area is supposed to have a 5-digit postal code.
Lists detailling the locations in the Taiwan area with their respective 3-digit postal code fit on an
A4 page and are readily available because they are often printed in small script
on the back side of standard letter envelopes sold in stationary shops. Administrative
units in special municipalities, counties and county-level cities in the ROC having their own 3-digit postal code include the
following:
• districts (qu 區);
• cities (shi 市),
• urban townships (zhen 鎮), and
• rural townships (xiang 鄉).
A location's correct 5-digit postal code is a little bit more complicated to determine. The Chunghwa Post publishes
and regularly updates a directory (Title in Chinese: 台灣地區 3+2 碼郵遞區號簿) containing the 5-digit postal codes for all
addresses in the Taiwan area, but most people don't own a copy of the directory (and nowadays there are specialized online
search engines for that purpose available anyway), and likewise few people bother checking the copy available in their post
office. According to the directory, the first three digits represent the third-level administrative district number
(xingzhengqu bianhao 行政區編號) of the respective location like "100" for Taipei's Zhongzheng District 中正區, and
their use is required for sending items with regular mail. The last two digits represent the delivery zone number (toudi
quduan xuhao 投遞區段序號) or the delivery special-use number (toudi zhuanyong haoma 投遞專用號碼) for bigger
customers, and using them is optional but will speed the delivery of mailed items.
On March 3, 2020 the Chunghwa Post launched a new system called “3+3 ZIP Code System” (san jia san ma youdi quhao
3+3 碼郵遞區號) to improve the efficiency of mail processing. With the new system in effect, the first 3 numbers of the ZIP code
remain unchanged, while the last 3 numbers (“Delivery Zone Code”) are extended to 3-digit from 2-digit in order to simplify the
handling process, increase mail sorting efficiency, and improve delivery accuracy. The official announcement of Chunghwa Post
in this context can be found
here,
for the online ZIP code directory click
here.
Please note that the first digit in each ROC postal code indicates to which of the country's nine large postal zones
(da youdiqu 大郵遞區) it belongs.
First digit | City / county |
1 | Taipei City |
2 | Keelung City, New Taipei City, Yilan County, Lienchiang County (= Matsu) |
3 | Taoyuan City, Hsinchu City, Hsinchu County, Miaoli County |
4 | Taichung City |
5 | Changhua County, Nantou County |
6 | Yunlin County, Chiayi City, Chiayi County |
7 | Tainan City |
8 | Kaohsiung City, Penghu County, Kinmen County |
9 | Pingtung County, Hualien County, Taitung County |

The following list shows the 3-digit postal codes for all districts, cities, urban townships
⒰ and rural townships
⒭
under ROC special municipalities and county-level cities and counties in numerical order.
① = districts;
② = cities,
③ = urban townships,
④ = rural townships.
Altogether, the ROC has 365 three-digit postal codes, including 170 districts in special municipalities
plus 12 cities, 40 urban townships and 146 rural townships in county-level cities and counties. The number of
postal codes is not identical with the sum of administrative districts in the ROC which stands at 368—the three
districts in Hsinchu City have the same postal code (300), as have the two districts in Chiayi City (600). Not
included in these figures are three additional postal codes—Diaoyutai (290)
under Yilan County as well as the South China Sea islands Pratas Islands (817)
and Taiping/Spratly Islands (819) under Kaohsiung City.
Remarks about postal codes for Taichung, Tainan and Kaohsiung before Dec. 25, 2010—Taichung City: 400–408,
~ County: 411–439; Tainan City: 700–709, ~ County: 710–745; and Kaohsiung City: 800–813, ~ County: 814–852.
TOP HOME
In the following lists, urban townships are marked with a
⒰ and rural townships with an
⒭. Additional information about Taiwan's
indigenous communities (including their postal codes) can be found here.
Taipei City 台北市: 12 districts
100 Zhongzheng District 中正區
103 Datong District 大同區
104 Zhongshan District 中山區
105 Songshan District 松山區
106 Da'an District 大安區
108 Wanhua District 萬華區 |
110 Xinyi District 信義區
111 Shilin District 士林區
112 Beitou District 北投區
114 Neihu District 內湖區
115 Nangang District 南港區
116 Wenshan District 文山區 |
Keelung City 基隆市: 7 districts
200 Ren'ai District 仁愛區
201 Xinyi District 信義區
202 Zhongzheng District 中正區 *
203 Zhongshan District 中山區
| 204 Anle District 安樂區
205 Nuannuan District 暖暖區
206 Qidu District 七堵區 |
* 202 (Zhongzheng District) includes Heping Island 和平島, Keelung Islet 基隆嶼, and the
Three Northern Islets 北方三島.
New Taipei City 新北市: 29 districts,
including 1 Mountain Aborigines community (Ⓜ)
207 Wanli District 萬里區
208 Jinshan District 金山區 |
235 Zhonghe District 中和區
236 Tucheng District 土城區
237 Sanxia District 三峽區
238 Shulin District 樹林區
239 Yingge District 鶯歌區
241 Sanchong District 三重區
242 Xinzhuang District 新莊區
243 Taishan District 泰山區
244 Linkou District 林口區
247 Luzhou District 蘆洲區
248 Wugu District 五股區
249 Bali District 八里區
251 Danshui District 淡水區
252 Sanzhi District 三芝區
253 Shimen District 石門區 |
220 Banqiao District 板橋區
221 Xizhi District 汐止區
222 Shenkeng District 深坑區
223 Shiding District 石碇區
224 Ruifang District 瑞芳區
226 Pingxi District 平溪區
227 Shuangxi District 雙溪區
228 Gongliao District 貢寮區
231 Xindian District 新店區
232 Pinglin District 坪林區
233 Wulai District 烏來區 Ⓜ
234 Yonghe District 永和區 |
Lienchiang County 連江縣: 0 cities, 0 urban townships, 4 rural townships
209 Nan'gan Township 南竿鄉 ⒭
210 Beigan Township 北竿鄉 ⒭ |
211 Juguang Township 莒光鄉 ⒭
212 Dongyin Township 東引鄉 ⒭ |
Yilan County 宜蘭縣: 1 city,
3 urban townships, 8 rural townships;
including 2 Mountain Aborigines communities (Ⓜ)
260 Yilan City 宜蘭市
261 Toucheng Township 頭城鎮 ⒰ *
262 Jiaoxi Township 礁溪鄉 ⒭
263 Zhuangwei Township 壯圍鄉 ⒭
264 Yuanshan Township 員山鄉 ⒭
265 Luodong Township 羅東鎮 ⒰ |
266 Sanxing Township 三星鄉 ⒭
267 Datong Township 大同鄉 ⒭ Ⓜ
268 Wujie Township 五結鄉 ⒭
269 Dongshan Township 冬山鄉 ⒭
270 Su'ao Township 蘇澳鎮 ⒰
272 Nan'ao Township 南澳鄉 ⒭ Ⓜ |
* 261 (Toucheng Township) includes Guishan Island 龜山島.
Note: Although the Diaoyutai Islands (Diaoyutai lieyu 釣魚臺列嶼) are formally listed with the postal
code of 290 under Toucheng Township's Daxi Borough 大溪里 of Yilan County, Chunghwa Post does not offer postal services there
and doesn’t provide delivery of mailed items to the uninhabited, Japan-controlled archipelago. For more information about the
Diaoyutai Islands please refer to the page Local administration, chapter Yilan County,
“Disputed outpost”.
Hsinchu City 新竹市: 3 districts
300 East District 東區 300 North District 北區 |
300 Xiangshan District 香山區 |
Hsinchu County 新竹縣: 1 city,
3 urban townships, 9 rural townships;
including 2 Mountain Aborigines communities (Ⓜ) and 1 Plains Aborigines community
(Ⓟ)
302 Zhubei City 竹北市
303 Hukou Township 湖口鄉 ⒭
304 Xinfeng Township 新豐鄉 ⒭
305 Xinpu Township 新埔鎮 ⒰
306 Guanxi Township 關西鎮 ⒰ Ⓟ
307 Qionglin Township 芎林鄉 ⒭
308 Baoshan Township 寶山鄉 ⒭ |
310 Zhudong Township 竹東鎮 ⒰
311 Wufeng Township 五峰鄉 ⒭ Ⓜ
312 Hengshan Township 橫山鄉 ⒭
313 Jianshi Township 尖石鄉 ⒭ Ⓜ
314 Beipu Township 北埔鄉 ⒭
315 Emei Township 峨眉鄉 ⒭ |
Taoyuan City 桃園市: 13 districts,
including 1 Mountain Aborigines community (Ⓜ)
320 Zhongli District 中壢區
324 Pingzhen District 平鎮區
325 Longtan District 龍潭區
326 Yangmei District 楊梅區
327 Xinwu District 新屋區
328 Guanyin District 觀音區
330 Taoyuan District 桃園區 |
333 Guishan District 龜山區
334 Bade District 八德區
335 Daxi District 大溪區
336 Fuxing District 復興區 Ⓜ
337 Dayuan District 大園區
338 Luzhu District 蘆竹區 |
Miaoli County 苗栗縣: 2 cities,
5 urban townships, 11 rural townships;
including 1 Mountain Aborigines community (Ⓜ) and 2 Plains Aborigines communities
(Ⓟ)
350 Zhunan Township 竹南鎮 ⒰
351 Toufen City 頭份市
352 Sanwan Township 三灣鄉 ⒭
353 Nanzhuang Township 南庄鄉 ⒭ Ⓟ
354 Shitan Township 獅潭鄉 ⒭ Ⓟ
356 Houlong Township 後龍鎮 ⒰
357 Tongxiao Township 通霄鎮 ⒰
358 Yuanli Township 苑裡鎮 ⒰
360 Miaoli City 苗栗市 |
361 Zaoqiao Township 造橋鄉 ⒭
362 Touwu Township 頭屋鄉 ⒭
363 Gongguan Township 公館鄉 ⒭
364 Dahu Township 大湖鄉 ⒭
365 Tai'an Township 泰安鄉 ⒭ Ⓜ
366 Tongluo Township 銅鑼鄉 ⒭
367 Sanyi Township 三義鄉 ⒭
368 Xihu Township 西湖鄉 ⒭
369 Zhuolan Township 卓蘭鎮⒰ |
Taichung City 台中市: 29 districts [8 old],
including 1 Mountain Aborigines community (Ⓜ)
400 Central District 中區
401 East District 東區
402 South District 南區
403 West District 西區
404 North District 北區
406 Beitun District 北屯區
407 Xitun District 西屯區
408 Nantun District 南屯區 |
422 Shigang District 石岡區
423 Dongshi District 東勢區
424 Heping District 和平區 Ⓜ
426 Xinshe District 新社區
427 Tanzi District 潭子區
428 Daya District 大雅區
429 Shengang District 神岡區
432 Dadu District 大肚區
433 Shalu District 沙鹿區
434 Longjing District 龍井區
435 Wuqi District 梧棲區
436 Qingshui District 清水區
437 Dajia District 大甲區
438 Waipu District 外埔區
439 Da'an District 大安區 |
411 Taiping District 太平區
412 Dali District 大里區
413 Wufeng District 霧峰區
414 Wuri District 烏日區
420 Fengyuan District 豐原區
421 Houli District 后里區 |
Changhua County 彰化縣: 2 cities, 6 urban townships, 18 rural townships
500 Changhua City 彰化市
502 Fenyuan Township 芬園鄉 ⒭
503 Huatan Township 花壇鄉 ⒭
504 Xiushui Township 秀水鄉 ⒭
505 Lugang Township 鹿港鎮 ⒰
506 Fuxing Township 福興鄉 ⒭
507 Xianxi Township 線西鄉 ⒭
508 Hemei Township 和美鎮 ⒰
509 Shengang Township 伸港鄉 ⒭
510 Yuanlin City 員林市
511 Shetou Township 社頭鄉 ⒭
512 Yongjing Township 永靖鄉 ⒭
513 Puxin Township 埔心鄉 ⒭ |
514 Xihu Township 溪湖鎮 ⒰
515 Dacun Township 大村鄉 ⒭
516 Puyan Township 埔鹽鄉 ⒭
520 Tianzhong Township 田中鎮 ⒰
521 Beidou Township 北斗鎮 ⒰
522 Tianwei Township 田尾鄉 ⒭
523 Pitou Township 埤頭鄉 ⒭
524 Xizhou Township 溪州鄉 ⒭
525 Zhutang Township 竹塘鄉 ⒭
526 Erlin Township 二林鎮 ⒰
527 Dacheng Township 大城鄉 ⒭
528 Fangyuan Township 芳苑鄉 ⒭
530 Ershui Township 二水鄉 ⒭ |
Nantou County 南投縣: 1 city,
4 urban townships, 8 rural townships;
including 2 Mountain Aborigines communities (Ⓜ) and 1 Plains Aborigines community
(Ⓟ)
540 Nantou City 南投市
541 Zhongliao Township 中寮鄉 ⒭
542 Caotun Township 草屯鎮 ⒰
544 Guoxing Township 國姓鄉 ⒭
545 Puli Township 埔里鎮 ⒰
546 Ren'ai Township 仁愛鄉 ⒭ Ⓜ
551 Mingjian Township 名間鄉 ⒭ |
552 Jiji Township 集集鎮 ⒰
553 Shuili Township 水里鄉 ⒭
555 Yuchi Township 魚池鄉 ⒭ Ⓟ
556 Xinyi Township 信義鄉 ⒭ Ⓜ
557 Zhushan Township 竹山鎮 ⒰
558 Lugu Township 鹿谷鄉 ⒭ |
Chiayi City 嘉義市: 2 districts
600 East District 東區 |
600 West District 西區 |
Chiayi County 嘉義縣: 2 cities,
2 urban townships, 14 rural townships;
including 1 Mountain Aborigines community (Ⓜ)
602 Fanlu Township 番路鄉 ⒭
603 Meishan Township 梅山鄉 ⒭
604 Zhuqi Township 竹崎鄉 ⒭
605 Alishan Township 阿里山鄉 ⒭ Ⓜ
606 Zhongpu Township 中埔鄉 ⒭
607 Dapu Township 大埔鄉 ⒭
608 Shuishang Township 水上鄉 ⒭
611 Lucao Township 鹿草鄉 ⒭
612 Taibao City 太保市 |
613 Puzi City 朴子市
614 Dongshi Township 東石鄉 ⒭
615 Liujiao Township 六腳鄉 ⒭
616 Xingang Township 新港鄉 ⒭
621 Minxiong Township 民雄鄉 ⒭
622 Dalin Township 大林鎮 ⒰
623 Xikou Township 溪口鄉 ⒭
624 Yizhu Township 義竹鄉 ⒭
625 Budai Township 布袋鎮 ⒰ |
Yunlin County 雲林縣: 1 city, 5 urban townships, 14 rural townships
630 Dounan Township 斗南鎮 ⒰
631 Dapi Township 大埤鄉 ⒭
632 Huwei Township 虎尾鎮 ⒰
633 Tuku Township 土庫鎮 ⒰
634 Baozhong Township 褒忠鄉 ⒭
635 Dongshi Township 東勢鄉 ⒭
636 Taixi Township 台西鄉 ⒭
637 Lunbei Township 崙背鄉 ⒭
638 Mailiao Township 麥寮鄉 ⒭
640 Douliu City 斗六市 |
643 Linnei Township 林內鄉 ⒭
646 Gukeng Township 古坑鄉 ⒭
647 Citong Township 莿桐鄉 ⒭
648 Xiluo Township 西螺鎮 ⒰
649 Erlun Township 二崙鄉 ⒭
651 Beigang Township 北港鎮 ⒰
652 Shuilin Township 水林鄉 ⒭
653 Kouhu Township 口湖鄉 ⒭
654 Sihu Township 四湖鄉 ⒭
655 Yuanchang Township 元長鄉 ⒭ |
Tainan City 台南市: 37 districts [6 old]
700 West Central District 中西區
701 East District 東區
702 South District 南區
704 North District 北區
708 Anping District 安平區
709 Annan District 安南區 |
722 Jiali District 佳里區
723 Xigang District 西港區
724 Qigu District 七股區
725 Jiangjun District 將軍區
726 Xuejia District 學甲區
727 Beimen District 北門區
730 Xinying District 新營區
731 Houbi District 後壁區
732 Baihe District 白河區
733 Dongshan District 東山區
734 Liujia District 六甲區
735 Xiaying District 下營區
736 Liuying District 柳營區
737 Yanshui District 鹽水區
741 Shanhua District 善化區
742 Danei District 大內區
743 Shanshang District 山上區
744 Xinshi District 新市區
745 Anding District 安定區 |
710 Yongkang District 永康區
711 Guiren District 歸仁區
712 Xinhua District 新化區
713 Zuozhen District 左鎮區
714 Yujing District 玉井區
715 Nanxi District 楠西區
716 Nanhua District 南化區
717 Rende District 仁德區
718 Guanmiao District 關廟區
719 Longqi District 龍崎區
720 Guantian District 官田區
721 Madou District 麻豆區 |
Kaohsiung City 高雄市: 38 districts [11 old],
including 3 Mountain Aborigines communities (Ⓜ)
800 Xinxing District 新興區
801 Qianjin District 前金區
802 Lingya District 苓雅區
803 Yancheng District 鹽埕區
804 Gushan District 鼓山區
805 Qijin District 旗津區
806 Qianzhen District 前鎮區
807 Sanmin District 三民區
811 Nanzi District 楠梓區
812 Xiaogang District 小港區
813 Zuoying District 左營區 |
826 Ziguan District 梓官區
827 Mituo District 彌陀區
828 Yong'an District 永安區
829 Hunei District 湖內區
830 Fengshan District 鳳山區
831 Daliao District 大寮區
832 Linyuan District 林園區
833 Niaosong District 鳥松區
840 Dashu District 大樹區
842 Qishan District 旗山區
843 Meinong District 美濃區
844 Liugui District 六龜區
845 Neimen District 內門區
846 Shanlin District 杉林區
847 Jiaxian District 甲仙區
848 Taoyuan District 桃源區 Ⓜ
849 Namaxia District 那瑪夏區 Ⓜ
851 Maolin District 茂林區 Ⓜ
852 Qieding District 茄萣區 |
814 Renwu District 仁武區
815 Dashe District 大社區
820 Gangshan District 岡山區
821 Luzhu District 路竹區
822 Alian District 阿蓮區
823 Tianliao District 田寮區
824 Yanchao District 燕巢區
825 Qiaotou District 橋頭區 |
Note: Two entities referred to as South China Sea Islands (nanhai zhudao 南海諸島)—Pratas
Islands 東沙 with the postal code 817, and Taiping/Spratly Islands 南沙 with the postal code
819—have no regular civilian population and administratively belong to Zhongxing Borough 中興里 in Kaohsiung's Qijin District (805).
Penghu County 澎湖縣: 1 city, 0 urban townships, 5 rural townships
880 Magong City 馬公市
881 Xiyu Township 西嶼鄉 ⒭
882 Wang'an Township 望安鄉 ⒭ |
883 Qimei Township 七美鄉 ⒭
884 Baisha Township 白沙鄉 ⒭
885 Huxi Township 湖西鄉 ⒭ |
Kinmen County 金門縣: 0 cities, 3 urban townships, 3 rural townships
890 Jinsha Township 金沙鎮 ⒰
891 Jinhu Township 金湖鎮 ⒰
892 Jinning Township 金寧鄉 ⒭ |
893 Jincheng Township 金城鎮 ⒰
894 Lieyu Township 烈嶼鄉 ⒭
896 Wuqiu Township 烏坵鄉 ⒭ |
Pingtung County 屏東縣: 1 city,
3 urban townships, 29 rural townships;
including 8 Mountain Aborigines communities (Ⓜ) and 1 Plains Aborigines community
(Ⓟ)
900 Pingtung City 屏東市
901 Sandimen Township 三地門鄉 ⒭ Ⓜ
902 Wutai Township 霧台鄉 ⒭ Ⓜ
903 Majia Township 瑪家鄉 ⒭ Ⓜ
904 Jiuru Township 九如鄉 ⒭
905 Ligang Township 里港鄉 ⒭
906 Gaoshu Township 高樹鄉 ⒭
907 Yanpu Township 鹽埔鄉 ⒭
908 Changzhi Township 長治鄉 ⒭
909 Linluo Township 麟洛鄉 ⒭
911 Zhutian Township 竹田鄉 ⒭
912 Neipu Township 內埔鄉 ⒭
913 Wandan Township 萬丹鄉 ⒭
920 Chaozhou Township 潮州鎮 ⒰
921 Taiwu Township 泰武鄉 ⒭ Ⓜ
922 Laiyi Township 來義鄉 ⒭ Ⓜ
923 Wanluan Township 萬巒鄉 ⒭ |
924 Kanding Township 崁頂鄉 ⒭
925 Xinpi Township 新埤鄉 ⒭
926 Nanzhou Township 南州鄉 ⒭
927 Linbian Township 林邊鄉 ⒭
928 Donggang Township 東港鎮 ⒰
929 Liuqiu Township 琉球鄉 ⒭
931 Jiadong Township 佳冬鄉 ⒭
932 Xinyuan Township 新園鄉 ⒭
940 Fangliao Township 枋寮鄉 ⒭
941 Fangshan Township 枋山鄉 ⒭
942 Chunri Township 春日鄉 ⒭ Ⓜ
943 Shizi Township 獅子鄉 ⒭ Ⓜ
944 Checheng Township 車城鄉 ⒭
945 Mudan Township 牡丹鄉 ⒭ Ⓜ
946 Hengchun Township 恆春鎮 ⒰
947 Manzhou Township 滿州鄉 ⒭ Ⓟ |
Taitung County 台東縣: 1 city,
2 urban townships, 13 rural townships;
including 5 Mountain Aborigines communities (Ⓜ) and 10 Plains Aborigines communities
(Ⓟ)
950 Taitung City 台東市 Ⓟ
951 Ludao Township 綠島鄉 ⒭
952 Lanyu Township 蘭嶼鄉 ⒭ Ⓜ
953 Yanping Township 延平鄉 ⒭ Ⓜ
954 Beinan Township 卑南鄉 ⒭ Ⓟ
955 Luye Township 鹿野鄉 ⒭ Ⓟ
956 Guanshan Township 關山鎮 ⒰ Ⓟ
957 Haiduan Township 海端鄉 ⒭ Ⓜ |
958 Chishang Township 池上鄉 ⒭ Ⓟ
959 Donghe Township 東河鄉 ⒭ Ⓟ
961 Chenggong Township 成功鎮 ⒰ Ⓟ
962 Changbin Township 長濱鄉 ⒭ Ⓟ
963 Taimali Township 太麻里鄉 ⒭ Ⓟ
964 Jinfeng Township 金峰鄉 ⒭ Ⓜ
965 Dawu Township 大武鄉 ⒭ Ⓟ
966 Daren Township 達仁鄉 ⒭ Ⓜ |
Hualien County 花蓮縣: 1 city,
2 urban townships, 10 rural townships;
including 3 Mountain Aborigines communities (Ⓜ) and 10 Plains Aborigines communities
(Ⓟ)
970 Hualien City 花蓮市 Ⓟ
971 Xincheng Township 新城鄉 ⒭ Ⓟ
972 Xiulin Township 秀林鄉 ⒭ Ⓜ
973 Ji'an Township 吉安鄉 ⒭ Ⓟ
974 Shoufeng Township 壽豐鄉 ⒭ Ⓟ
975 Fenglin Township 鳳林鎮 ⒰ Ⓟ
976 Guangfu Township 光復鄉 ⒭ Ⓟ |
977 Fengbin Township 豐濱鄉 ⒭ Ⓟ
978 Ruisui Township 瑞穗鄉 ⒭ Ⓟ
979 Wanrong Township 萬榮鄉 ⒭ Ⓜ
981 Yuli Township 玉里鎮 ⒰ Ⓟ
982 Zhuoxi Township 卓溪鄉 ⒭ Ⓜ
983 Fuli Township 富里鄉 ⒭ Ⓟ |
Please note that the order of the 3-digit ROC postal codes features one peculiarity—in the succession of postal
codes between 200 and 253, Keelung City comes first with the postal codes 200–206, continued with the districts of
Wanli 萬里 and Jinshan 金山 in New Taipei City which have the postal codes 207 and 208, respectively, followed by
Lienchiang County with the postal codes 209–212 and then the rest of New Taipei City with the postal codes 220–253.
This seemingly odd sequence was caused by the historic development: When Taiwan was ruled
by the Japanese, Wanli and Jinshan were in 1920 both made part of Kirun District under Taihoku Prefecture (Taibei
zhou Jilong jun 台北州基隆郡 Taihoku shū Kīrun gun), i. e. Keelung. After WWII they were initially placed
under Keelung District of Taipei County (Taibei xian Jilong qu 臺北縣基隆區), but by 1950 they had become part of
Taipei County and separated from Keelung City.
[The respective areas in km²—Keelung City: 132.7589, Wanli District: 63.3766, Jinshan District: 49.2132]
TOP HOME
===== ===== ===== ===== =====
The ROC has traditionally been using a method for counting the years that was retained from the system which
was common before 1912. In Imperial China, the years were counted according to the reign of the ruling emperor
(nianhao 年號). When an emperor died, the following
year was counted as the first year of the succeeding emperor. Accordingly, after the establishment of the ROC
on Jan. 1, 1912, that year was counted as Year One of the Republic (minguo yi nian
民國 1 年),
1913 as Year Two of the Republic (minguo er nian 民國
2 年) and so on. Today's ROC continues using this ancient
system, e. g. in official forms. Many elderly Taiwanese are still not familiar with the year numbers of the
Gregorian calendar, although the Western system has become more popular among younger Taiwanese since the hype
surrounding the year 2000 ("Y2K").
A.D. |
ROC |
|
A.D. |
ROC |
|
A.D. |
ROC |
1912 |
民國 1 年 |
1952 |
民國 41 年 |
1992 |
民國 81 年 |
1913 |
民國 2 年 |
1953 |
民國 42 年 |
1993 |
民國 82 年 |
1914 |
民國 3 年 |
1954 |
民國 43 年 |
1994 |
民國 83 年 |
1915 |
民國 4 年 |
1955 |
民國 44 年 |
1995 |
民國 84 年 |
1916 |
民國 5 年 |
1956 |
民國 45 年 |
1996 |
民國 85 年 |
1917 |
民國 6 年 |
1957 |
民國 46 年 |
1997 |
民國 86 年 |
1918 |
民國 7 年 |
1958 |
民國 47 年 |
1998 |
民國 87 年 |
1919 |
民國 8 年 |
1959 |
民國 48 年 |
1999 |
民國 88 年 |
1920 |
民國 9 年 |
1960 |
民國 49 年 |
2000 |
民國 89 年 |
1921 |
民國 10 年 |
1961 |
民國 50 年 |
2001 |
民國 90 年 |
1922 |
民國 11 年 |
1962 |
民國 51 年 |
2002 |
民國 91 年 |
1923 |
民國 12 年 |
1963 |
民國 52 年 |
2003 |
民國 92 年 |
1924 |
民國 13 年 |
1964 |
民國 53 年 |
2004 |
民國 93 年 |
1925 |
民國 14 年 |
1965 |
民國 54 年 |
2005 |
民國 94 年 |
1926 |
民國 15 年 |
1966 |
民國 55 年 |
2006 |
民國 95 年 |
1927 |
民國 16 年 |
1967 |
民國 56 年 |
2007 |
民國 96 年 |
1928 |
民國 17 年 |
1968 |
民國 57 年 |
2008 |
民國 97 年 |
1929 |
民國 18 年 |
1969 |
民國 58 年 |
2009 |
民國 98 年 |
1930 |
民國 19 年 |
1970 |
民國 59 年 |
2010 |
民國 99 年 |
1931 |
民國 20 年 |
1971 |
民國 60 年 |
2011 |
民國 100 年 |
1932 |
民國 21 年 |
1972 |
民國 61 年 |
2012 |
民國 101 年 |
1933 |
民國 22 年 |
1973 |
民國 62 年 |
2013 |
民國 102 年 |
1934 |
民國 23 年 |
1974 |
民國 63 年 |
2014 |
民國 103 年 |
1935 |
民國 24 年 |
1975 |
民國 64 年 |
2015 |
民國 104 年 |
1936 |
民國 25 年 |
1976 |
民國 65 年 |
2016 |
民國 105 年 |
1937 |
民國 26 年 |
1977 |
民國 66 年 |
2017 |
民國 106 年 |
1938 |
民國 27 年 |
1978 |
民國 67 年 |
2018 |
民國 107 年 |
1939 |
民國 28 年 |
1979 |
民國 68 年 |
2019 |
民國 108 年 |
1940 |
民國 29 年 |
1980 |
民國 69 年 |
2020 |
民國 109 年 |
1941 |
民國 30 年 |
1981 |
民國 70 年 |
2021 |
民國 110 年 |
1942 |
民國 31 年 |
1982 |
民國 71 年 |
2022 |
民國 111 年 |
1943 |
民國 32 年 |
1983 |
民國 72 年 |
2023 |
民國 112 年 |
1944 |
民國 33 年 |
1984 |
民國 73 年 |
|
1945 |
民國 34 年 |
1985 |
民國 74 年 |
1946 |
民國 35 年 |
1986 |
民國 75 年 |
1947 |
民國 36 年 |
1987 |
民國 76 年 |
1948 |
民國 37 年 |
1988 |
民國 77 年 |
1949 |
民國 38 年 |
1989 |
民國 78 年 |
1950 |
民國 39 年 |
1990 |
民國 79 年 |
1951 |
民國 40 年 |
1991 |
民國 80 年 |
TOP HOME
In today's Taiwan, biographies in official records have yet another method to refer
to the years prior to the Hsinhai Revolution—the "year before the Republic" (minguoqian
民國前). Since that method applies to years
in the last decades of the Qing dynasty (1644-1911), those years would have two denominations, i. e.
its respective year before the republic and its reign year of the Qing emperor. The last five Qing
emperors were Daoguang 道光, Xianfeng 咸豐, Tongzhi 同治, Guangxu 光緒, and Xuantong 宣統.
Emperor |
Born |
Ascension |
Died |
Reign Year 1 |
Lunar New Year |
Daoguang |
1782, Sept. 16 |
1820, Oct. 3 |
1850, Feb. 25 |
1821 |
1821—Feb. 3 |
Xianfeng |
1831, July 17 |
1850, March 9 |
1861, Aug. 22 |
1851 |
1851—Feb. 1 |
Tongzhi |
1856, April 27 |
1861, Nov. 11 |
1875, Jan. 12 |
1862 |
1862—Jan. 30 |
Guangxu |
1871, Aug. 14 |
1875, Feb. 25 |
1908, Nov. 14 |
1875 |
1875—Feb. 6 |
Xuantong |
1906, Feb. 7 |
1908, Dec. 2 |
1967, Oct. 17 |
1909 |
1909—Jan. 22 |
Please note that among those five emperors, only in the case of Guangxu the first year of the new
ruler's reign (as counted in the solar calendar) was the same as the year of his actual ascension, because
when his predecessor died in 1875, the date of Tongzhi's death (Jan. 12) was shortly before Lunar New Year
(Feb. 6) that year.
Therefore, according to the counting method of year before the republic, 1911 was not only emperor Xuantong's
year 3, but also the year 1 before the Republic (minguoqian yinian 民國前一年), 1900 the year 12 before
the Republic and so on, as years prior to 1912 can be counted backwards in that manner. The table below shows
the data for the last five decades of the Qing dynasty.
Before ROC |
Qing Dynasty |
A. D. |
|
Before ROC |
Qing Dynasty |
A. D. |
民國前 1 年 |
清宣統 3 年 |
1911 |
民國前 26 年 |
清光緒 12 年 |
1886 |
民國前 2 年 |
清宣統 2 年 |
1910 |
民國前 27 年 |
清光緒 11 年 |
1885 |
民國前 3 年 |
清宣統元年 |
1909 |
民國前 28 年 |
清光緒 10 年 |
1884 |
民國前 4 年 |
清光緒 34 年 |
1908 |
民國前 29 年 |
清光緒 9 年 |
1883 |
民國前 5 年 |
清光緒 33 年 |
1907 |
民國前 30 年 |
清光緒 8 年 |
1882 |
民國前 6 年 |
清光緒 32 年 |
1906 |
民國前 31 年 |
清光緒 7 年 |
1881 |
民國前 7 年 |
清光緒 31 年 |
1905 |
民國前 32 年 |
清光緒 6 年 |
1880 |
民國前 8 年 |
清光緒 30 年 |
1904 |
民國前 33 年 |
清光緒 5 年 |
1879 |
民國前 9 年 |
清光緒 29 年 |
1903 |
民國前 34 年 |
清光緒 4 年 |
1878 |
民國前 10 年 |
清光緒 28 年 |
1902 |
民國前 35 年 |
清光緒 3 年 |
1877 |
民國前 11 年 |
清光緒 27 年 |
1901 |
民國前 36 年 |
清光緒 2 年 |
1876 |
民國前 12 年 |
清光緒 26 年 |
1900 |
民國前 37 年 |
清光緒元年 |
1875 |
民國前 13 年 |
清光緒 25 年 |
1899 |
民國前 38 年 |
清同治 13 年 |
1874 |
民國前 14 年 |
清光緒 24 年 |
1898 |
民國前 39 年 |
清同治 12 年 |
1873 |
民國前 15 年 |
清光緒 23 年 |
1897 |
民國前 40 年 |
清同治 11 年 |
1872 |
民國前 16 年 |
清光緒 22 年 |
1896 |
民國前 41 年 |
清同治 10 年 |
1871 |
民國前 17 年 |
清光緒 21 年 |
1895 |
民國前 42 年 |
清同治 9 年 |
1870 |
民國前 18 年 |
清光緒 20 年 |
1894 |
民國前 43 年 |
清同治 8 年 |
1869 |
民國前 19 年 |
清光緒 19 年 |
1893 |
民國前 44 年 |
清同治 7 年 |
1868 |
民國前 20 年 |
清光緒 18 年 |
1892 |
民國前 45 年 |
清同治 6 年 |
1867 |
民國前 21 年 |
清光緒 17 年 |
1891 |
民國前 46 年 |
清同治 5 年 |
1866 |
民國前 22 年 |
清光緒 16 年 |
1890 |
民國前 47 年 |
清同治 4 年 |
1865 |
民國前 23 年 |
清光緒 15 年 |
1889 |
民國前 48 年 |
清同治 3 年 |
1864 |
民國前 24 年 |
清光緒 14 年 |
1888 |
民國前 49 年 |
清同治 2 年 |
1863 |
民國前 25 年 |
清光緒 13 年 |
1887 |
民國前 50 年 |
清同治元年 |
1862 |
Pronunciation examples in above table:
1911—minguo qian yinian 民國前 1 年 / Qing Xuantong sannian 清宣統 3 年;
1909—minguo qian san nian 民國前 3 年 / Qing Xuantong yuannian 清宣統元年;
1875—minguo qian sanshiqi nian 民國前 37 年 / Qing Guangxu yuannian 清光緒元年;
1862—minguo qian wushi nian 民國前 50 年 / Qing Tongzhi yuannian 清同治元年.
TOP HOME
Although China adopted the Gregorian solar calendar in the 20th century, the traditional Chinese
lunar calendar (nongli 農曆) is still widely used. Major holidays like Lunar New Year/Spring Festival
(chunjie 春節 / guonian 過年), the Lantern Festival (yuanxiaojie 元宵節), the Dragon Boat
Festival (duanwujie 端午節) and the Mid-Autumn Festival/Moon Festival (zhongqiujie 中秋節) are
observed according to the lunar calendar.
China's lunar calendar consists of a 60-year cycle based on the ganzhi 干支 system. Ganzhi literally
means "stem branch" and stands for a combination of the "Ten Heavenly Stems" (tiangan 天干) with the
"Twelve Earthly Branches" (dizhi 地支).
The Ten Heavenly Stems represent the Five Primary Elements (wuxing 五行)—wood (mu 木),
fire (huo 火), earth (tu 土), metal (jin 金), and water (shui 水)—with their respective
Yin (陰) or Yang (陽) aspect:
1. jia 甲 |
= |
Yang wood |
| 6. ji 己 |
= |
Yin earth |
2. yi 乙 |
= |
Yin wood |
7. geng 庚 |
= |
Yang metal |
3. bing 丙 |
= |
Yang fire |
8. xin 辛 |
= |
Yin metal |
4. ding 丁 |
= |
Yin fire |
9. ren 壬 |
= |
Yang water |
5. wu 戊 |
= |
Yang earth |
10. gui 癸 |
= |
Yin water |
The Twelve Earthly Branches represent the 12 animals signs of the Chinese zodiac (shengxiao 生肖):
zi 子 |
= |
Rat (shu 鼠) |
| wu 午 |
= |
Horse (ma 馬) |
chou 丑 |
= |
Ox (niu 牛) |
wei 未 |
= |
Sheep (yang 羊) |
yin 寅 |
= |
Tiger (hu 虎) |
shen 申 |
= |
Monkey (hou 猴) |
mao 卯 |
= |
Rabbit (tu 兔) |
you 酉 |
= |
Rooster (ji 雞) |
chen 辰 |
= |
Dragon (long 龍) |
xu 戌 |
= |
Dog (gou 狗) |
si 巳 |
= |
Snake (she 蛇) |
hai 亥 |
= |
Pig (zhu 豬) |
The combination of the two sequences produces the 60-year Ganzhi cycle which is presented in the
table directly below. Because the number of characters in each sequence is even, each zodiac sign always comes
with the same Yin/Yang aspect. Yang zodiac signs: Rat, Tiger, Dragon, Horse, Monkey, Dog; Yin zodiac signs: Ox,
Rabbit, Snake, Sheep, Rooster, Pig. Please note that the terms in the column "Meaning" are actually reversed—while
the Chinese Ganzhi term shows the stem (element with Yin/Yang aspect) first, followed by the branch (zodiac
sign), in the table the zodiac sign is named first.
Ganzhi |
Meaning |
Years (A. D.) |
gengzi 庚子 |
Rat, Yang metal |
1780, 1840, 1900, 1960, 2020, 2080, ... |
xinchou 辛丑 |
Ox, Yin metal |
1781, 1841, 1901, 1961, 2021, 2081, ... |
renyin 壬寅 |
Tiger, Yang water |
1782, 1842, 1902, 1962, 2022, 2082, ... |
guimao 癸卯 |
Rabbit, Yin water |
1783, 1843, 1903, 1963, 2023, 2083, ... |
jiachen 甲辰 |
Dragon, Yang wood |
1784, 1844, 1904, 1964, 2024, 2084, ... |
yisi 乙巳 |
Snake, Yin wood |
1785, 1845, 1905, 1965, 2025, 2085, ... |
bingwu 丙午 |
Horse, Yang fire |
1786, 1846, 1906, 1966, 2026, 2086, ... |
dingwei 丁未 |
Sheep, Yin fire |
1787, 1847, 1907, 1967, 2027, 2087, ... |
wushen 戊申 |
Monkey, Yang earth |
1788, 1848, 1908, 1968, 2028, 2088, ... |
jiyou 己酉 |
Rooster, Yin earth |
1789, 1849, 1909, 1969, 2029, 2089, ... |
gengxu 庚戌 |
Dog, Yang metal |
1790, 1850, 1910, 1970, 2030, 2090, ... |
xinhai 辛亥 |
Pig, Yin metal |
1791, 1851, 1911, 1971, 2031, 2091, ... |
renzi 壬子 |
Rat, Yang water |
1792, 1852, 1912, 1972, 2032, 2092, ... |
guichou 癸丑 |
Ox, Yin water |
1793, 1853, 1913, 1973, 2033, 2093, ... |
jiayin 甲寅 |
Tiger, Yang wood |
1794, 1854, 1914, 1974, 2034, 2094, ... |
yimao 乙卯 |
Rabbit, Yin wood |
1795, 1855, 1915, 1975, 2035, 2095, ... |
bingchen 丙辰 |
Dragon, Yang fire |
1796, 1856, 1916, 1976, 2036, 2096, ... |
dingsi 丁巳 |
Snake, Yin fire |
1797, 1857, 1917, 1977, 2037, 2097, ... |
wuwu 戊午 |
Horse, Yang earth |
1798, 1858, 1918, 1978, 2038, 2098, ... |
jiwei 己未 |
Sheep, Yin earth |
1799, 1859, 1919, 1979, 2039, 2099, ... |
gengshen 庚申 |
Monkey, Yang metal |
1800, 1860, 1920, 1980, 2040, 2100, ... |
xinyou 辛酉 |
Rooster, Yin metal |
1801, 1861, 1921, 1981, 2041, 2101, ... |
renxu 壬戌 |
Dog, Yang water |
1802, 1862, 1922, 1982, 2042, 2102, ... |
guihai 癸亥 |
Pig, Yin water |
1803, 1863, 1923, 1983, 2043, 2103, ... |
jiazi 甲子 |
Rat, Yang wood |
1804, 1864, 1924, 1984, 2044, 2104, ... |
yichou 乙丑 |
Ox, Yin wood |
1805, 1865, 1925, 1985, 2045, 2105, ... |
bingyin 丙寅 |
Tiger, Yang fire |
1806, 1866, 1926, 1986, 2046, 2106, ... |
dingmao 丁卯 |
Rabbit, Yin fire |
1807, 1867, 1927, 1987, 2047, 2107, ... |
wuchen 戊辰 |
Dragon, Yang earth |
1808, 1868, 1928, 1988, 2048, 2108, ... |
jisi 己巳 |
Snake, Yin earth |
1809, 1869, 1929, 1989, 2049, 2109, ... |
gengwu 庚午 |
Horse, Yang metal |
1810, 1870, 1930, 1990, 2050, 2110, ... |
xinwei 辛未 |
Sheep, Yin metal |
1811, 1871, 1931, 1991, 2051, 2111, ... |
renshen 壬申 |
Monkey, Yang water |
1812, 1872, 1932, 1992, 2052, 2112, ... |
guiyou 癸酉 |
Rooster, Yin water |
1813, 1873, 1933, 1993, 2053, 2113, ... |
jiaxu 甲戌 |
Dog, Yang wood |
1814, 1874, 1934, 1994, 2054, 2114, ... |
yihai 乙亥 |
Pig, Yin wood |
1815, 1875, 1935, 1995, 2055, 2115, ... |
bingzi 丙子 |
Rat, Yang fire |
1816, 1876, 1936, 1996, 2056, 2116, ... |
dingchou 丁丑 |
Ox, Yin fire |
1817, 1877, 1937, 1997, 2057, 2117, ... |
wuyin 戊寅 |
Tiger, Yang earth |
1818, 1878, 1938, 1998, 2058, 2118, ... |
jimao 己卯 |
Rabbit, Yin earth |
1819, 1879, 1939, 1999, 2059, 2119, ... |
gengchen 庚辰 |
Dragon, Yang metal |
1820, 1880, 1940, 2000, 2060, 2120, ... |
xinsi 辛巳 |
Snake, Yin metal |
1821, 1881, 1941, 2001, 2061, 2121, ... |
renwu 壬午 |
Horse, Yang water |
1822, 1882, 1942, 2002, 2062, 2122, ... |
guiwei 癸未 |
Sheep, Yin water |
1823, 1883, 1943, 2003, 2063, 2123, ... |
jiashen 甲申 |
Monkey, Yang wood |
1824, 1884, 1944, 2004, 2064, 2124, ... |
yiyou 乙酉 |
Rooster, Yin wood |
1825, 1885, 1945, 2005, 2065, 2125, ... |
bingxu 丙戌 |
Dog, Yang fire |
1826, 1886, 1946, 2006, 2066, 2126, ... |
dinghai 丁亥 |
Pig, Yin fire |
1827, 1887, 1947, 2007, 2067, 2127, ... |
wuzi 戊子 |
Rat, Yang earth |
1828, 1888, 1948, 2008, 2068, 2128, ... |
jichou 己丑 |
Ox, Yin earth |
1829, 1889, 1949, 2009, 2069, 2129, ... |
gengyin 庚寅 |
Tiger, Yang metal |
1830, 1890, 1950, 2010, 2070, 2130, ... |
xinmao 辛卯 |
Rabbit, Yin metal |
1831, 1891, 1951, 2011, 2071, 2131, ... |
renchen 壬辰 |
Dragon, Yang water |
1832, 1892, 1952, 2012, 2072, 2132, ... |
guisi 癸巳 |
Snake, Yin water |
1833, 1893, 1953, 2013, 2073, 2133, ... |
jiawu 甲午 |
Horse, Yang wood |
1834, 1894, 1954, 2014, 2074, 2134, ... |
yiwei 乙未 |
Sheep, Yin wood |
1835, 1895, 1955, 2015, 2075, 2135, ... |
bingshen 丙申 |
Monkey, Yang fire |
1836, 1896, 1956, 2016, 2076, 2136, ... |
dingyou 丁酉 |
Rooster, Yin fire |
1837, 1897, 1957, 2017, 2077, 2137, ... |
wuxu 戊戌 |
Dog, Yang earth |
1838, 1898, 1958, 2018, 2078, 2138, ... |
jihai 己亥 |
Pig, Yin earth |
1839, 1899, 1959, 2019, 2079, 2139, ... |
Notes: The First Chinese-Japanese War which broke out in 1894 is called Jiawu zhanzheng
甲午戰爭 in Chinese because that year had the ganzhi designation jiawu 甲午 (i. e. year of the Horse,
element wood, aspect Yang). The name of the 1911 Hsinhai Revolution (xinhai geming 辛亥革命) refers to the
ganzhi designation xinhai 辛亥 (year of the Pig, element metal, aspect Yin) of that year.
TOP HOME
Lunar New Year (guonian 過年) aka Spring Festival (chunjie 春節) falls on
the first day of the first lunar month. Between 1800 and 2100, Lunar New Year never came earlier
than January 21 or later than February 20. Please note that "LNY" is sometimes used as abbreviation
for Lunar New Year.
Year |
Date |
|
Year |
Date |
|
Year |
Date |
1800 |
Jan. 25 |
1820 |
Feb. 14 |
1840 |
Feb. 3 |
1801 |
Feb. 13 |
1821 |
Feb. 3 |
1841 |
Jan. 23 |
1802 |
Feb. 3 |
1822 |
Jan. 23 |
1842 |
Feb. 10 |
1803 |
Jan. 23 |
1823 |
Feb. 11 |
1843 |
Jan. 30 |
1804 |
Feb. 11 |
1824 |
Jan. 31 |
1844 |
Feb. 18 |
1805 |
Jan. 31 |
1825 |
Feb. 18 |
1845 |
Feb. 7 |
1806 |
Feb. 18 |
1826 |
Feb. 7 |
1846 |
Jan. 27 |
1807 |
Feb. 7 |
1827 |
Jan. 27 |
1847 |
Feb. 15 |
1808 |
Jan. 28 |
1828 |
Feb. 15 |
1848 |
Feb. 5 |
1809 |
Feb. 14 |
1829 |
Feb. 4 |
1849 |
Jan. 24 |
1810 |
Feb. 4 |
1830 |
Jan. 25 |
1850 |
Feb. 12 |
1811 |
Jan. 25 |
1831 |
Feb. 13 |
1851 |
Feb. 1 |
1812 |
Feb. 13 |
1832 |
Feb. 2 |
1852 |
Feb. 20 |
1813 |
Feb. 1 |
1833 |
Feb. 20 |
1853 |
Feb. 8 |
1814 |
Jan. 21 |
1834 |
Feb. 9 |
1854 |
Jan. 29 |
1815 |
Feb. 9 |
1835 |
Jan. 29 |
1855 |
Feb. 17 |
1816 |
Jan. 29 |
1836 |
Feb. 17 |
1856 |
Feb. 6 |
1817 |
Feb. 16 |
1837 |
Feb. 5 |
1857 |
Jan. 26 |
1818 |
Feb. 5 |
1838 |
Jan. 26 |
1858 |
Feb. 14 |
1819 |
Jan. 26 |
1839 |
Feb. 14 |
1859 |
Feb. 3 |
Year |
Date |
|
Year |
Date |
|
Year |
Date |
1860 |
Jan. 23 |
1880 |
Feb. 10 |
1900 |
Jan. 31 |
1861 |
Feb. 10 |
1881 |
Jan. 30 |
1901 |
Feb. 19 |
1862 |
Jan. 30 |
1882 |
Feb. 18 |
1902 |
Feb. 8 |
1863 |
Feb. 18 |
1883 |
Feb. 8 |
1903 |
Jan. 29 |
1864 |
Feb. 8 |
1884 |
Jan. 28 |
1904 |
Feb. 16 |
1865 |
Jan. 27 |
1885 |
Feb. 15 |
1905 |
Feb. 4 |
1866 |
Feb. 15 |
1886 |
Feb. 4 |
1906 |
Jan. 25 |
1867 |
Feb. 5 |
1887 |
Jan. 24 |
1907 |
Feb. 13 |
1868 |
Jan. 25 |
1888 |
Feb. 12 |
1908 |
Feb. 2 |
1869 |
Feb. 11 |
1889 |
Jan. 31 |
1909 |
Jan. 22 |
1870 |
Jan. 31 |
1890 |
Jan. 21 |
1910 |
Feb. 10 |
1871 |
Feb. 19 |
1891 |
Feb. 9 |
1911 |
Jan. 30 |
1872 |
Feb. 9 |
1892 |
Jan. 30 |
1912 |
Feb. 18 |
1873 |
Jan. 29 |
1893 |
Feb. 17 |
1913 |
Feb. 6 |
1874 |
Feb. 17 |
1894 |
Feb. 66 |
1914 |
Jan. 26 |
1875 |
Feb. 6 |
1895 |
Jan. 26 |
1915 |
Feb. 14 |
1876 |
Jan. 26 |
1896 |
Feb. 13 |
1916 |
Feb. 3 |
1877 |
Feb. 13 |
1897 |
Feb. 2 |
1917 |
Jan. 23 |
1878 |
Feb. 2 |
1898 |
Jan. 22 |
1918 |
Feb. 11 |
1879 |
Jan. 22 |
1899 |
Feb. 10 |
1919 |
Feb. 1 |
Year |
Date |
|
Year |
Date |
|
Year |
Date |
1920 |
Feb. 20 |
1940 |
Feb. 8 |
1960 |
Jan. 28 |
1921 |
Feb. 8 |
1941 |
Jan. 27 |
1961 |
Feb. 15 |
1922 |
Jan. 28 |
1942 |
Feb. 15 |
1962 |
Feb. 5 |
1923 |
Feb. 16 |
1943 |
Feb. 5 |
1963 |
Jan. 25 |
1924 |
Feb. 5 |
1944 |
Jan. 25 |
1964 |
Feb. 13 |
1925 |
Jan. 24 |
1945 |
Feb. 13 |
1965 |
Feb. 2 |
1926 |
Feb. 13 |
1946 |
Feb. 2 |
1966 |
Jan. 21 |
1927 |
Feb. 2 |
1947 |
Jan. 22 |
1967 |
Feb. 9 |
1928 |
Jan. 23 |
1948 |
Feb. 10 |
1968 |
Jan. 30 |
1929 |
Feb. 10 |
1949 |
Jan. 29 |
1969 |
Feb. 17 |
1930 |
Jan. 30 |
1950 |
Feb. 17 |
1970 |
Feb. 6 |
1931 |
Feb. 17 |
1951 |
Feb. 6 |
1971 |
Jan. 27 |
1932 |
Feb. 6 |
1952 |
Jan. 27 |
1972 |
Feb. 15 |
1933 |
Jan. 26 |
1953 |
Feb. 14 |
1973 |
Feb. 3 |
1934 |
Feb. 14 |
1954 |
Feb. 3 |
1974 |
Jan. 23 |
1935 |
Feb. 4 |
1955 |
Jan. 24 |
1975 |
Feb. 11 |
1936 |
Jan. 24 |
1956 |
Feb. 12 |
1976 |
Jan. 31 |
1937 |
Feb. 11 |
1957 |
Jan. 31 |
1977 |
Feb. 18 |
1938 |
Jan. 31 |
1958 |
Feb. 18 |
1978 |
Feb. 7 |
1939 |
Feb. 19 |
1959 |
Feb. 8 |
1979 |
Jan. 28 |
Year |
Date |
|
Year |
Date |
|
Year |
Date |
1980 |
Feb. 16 |
2000 |
Feb. 5 |
2020 |
Jan. 25 |
1981 |
Feb. 5 |
2001 |
Jan. 24 |
2021 |
Feb. 12 |
1982 |
Jan. 25 |
2002 |
Feb. 12 |
2022 |
Feb. 1 |
1983 |
Feb. 13 |
2003 |
Feb. 1 |
2023 |
Jan. 22 |
1984 |
Feb. 2 |
2004 |
Jan. 22 |
2024 |
Feb. 10 |
1985 |
Feb. 20 |
2005 |
Feb. 9 |
2025 |
Jan. 29 |
1986 |
Feb. 9 |
2006 |
Jan. 29 |
2026 |
Feb. 17 |
1987 |
Jan. 29 |
2007 |
Feb. 18 |
2027 |
Feb. 6 |
1988 |
Feb. 17 |
2008 |
Feb. 7 |
2028 |
Jan. 26 |
1989 |
Feb. 6 |
2009 |
Jan. 26 |
2029 |
Feb. 13 |
1990 |
Jan. 27 |
2010 |
Feb. 14 |
2030 |
Feb. 2 |
1991 |
Feb. 15 |
2011 |
Feb. 3 |
2031 |
Jan. 23 |
1992 |
Feb. 4 |
2012 |
Jan. 23 |
2032 |
Feb. 11 |
1993 |
Jan. 23 |
2013 |
Feb. 10 |
2033 |
Jan. 31 |
1994 |
Feb. 10 |
2014 |
Jan. 31 |
2034 |
Feb. 19 |
1995 |
Jan. 31 |
2015 |
Feb. 19 |
2035 |
Feb. 8 |
1996 |
Feb. 19 |
2016 |
Feb. 8 |
2036 |
Jan. 28 |
1997 |
Feb. 7 |
2017 |
Jan. 28 |
2037 |
Feb. 15 |
1998 |
Jan. 28 |
2018 |
Feb. 16 |
2038 |
Feb. 4 |
1999 |
Feb. 16 |
2019 |
Feb. 5 |
2039 |
Jan. 24 |
Year |
Date |
|
Year |
Date |
|
Year |
Date |
2040 |
Feb. 12 |
2060 |
Feb. 2 |
2080 |
Jan. 22 |
2041 |
Feb. 1 |
2061 |
Jan. 21 |
2081 |
Feb. 9 |
2042 |
Jan. 22 |
2062 |
Feb. 9 |
2082 |
Jan. 29 |
2043 |
Feb. 10 |
2063 |
Jan. 29 |
2083 |
Feb. 17 |
2044 |
Jan. 30 |
2064 |
Feb. 17 |
2084 |
Feb. 6 |
2045 |
Feb. 17 |
2065 |
Feb. 5 |
2085 |
Jan. 26 |
2046 |
Feb. 6 |
2066 |
Jan. 26 |
2086 |
Feb. 14 |
2047 |
Jan. 26 |
2067 |
Feb. 14 |
2087 |
Feb. 3 |
2048 |
Feb. 14 |
2068 |
Feb. 3 |
2088 |
Jan. 24 |
2049 |
Feb. 2 |
2069 |
Jan. 23 |
2089 |
Feb. 10 |
2050 |
Jan. 23 |
2070 |
Feb. 11 |
2090 |
Jan. 30 |
2051 |
Feb. 11 |
2071 |
Jan. 31 |
2091 |
Feb. 18 |
2052 |
Feb. 1 |
2072 |
Feb. 19 |
2092 |
Feb. 7 |
2053 |
Feb. 19 |
2073 |
Feb. 7 |
2093 |
Jan. 27 |
2054 |
Feb. 8 |
2074 |
Jan. 27 |
2094 |
Feb. 15 |
2055 |
Jan. 28 |
2075 |
Feb. 15 |
2095 |
Feb. 5 |
2056 |
Feb. 15 |
2076 |
Feb. 5 |
2096 |
Jan. 25 |
2057 |
Feb. 4 |
2077 |
Jan. 24 |
2097 |
Feb. 12 |
2058 |
Jan. 24 |
2078 |
Feb. 12 |
2098 |
Feb. 1 |
2059 |
Feb. 12 |
2079 |
Feb. 2 |
2099 |
Jan. 21 |
|
2100 |
Feb. 9 |
For more details about the Lunar Calendar click
here.
TOP HOME
In the course of the year, numerous holidays are celebrated in the ROC. Holidays based on cultural traditions
are mostly observed according to the Lunar Calendar, while dates of holidays based on political or modern social
events are usually determined following the Gregorian Calendar. Public holidays in the tables below are marked
with a “✿”. Since 2015, any public holiday that falls on the weekend has the preceding or following
workday designated as day off in compensation.
Date | Holiday | Remarks |
Jan. 1 | ROC Founding Day (Zhonghua minguo kaiguo jinianri 中華民國開國紀念日) | ✿ |
Feb. 28 | Peace Memorial Day (ererba heping jinianri 二二八和平紀念日) | ✿ Was declared a public holiday in 1997 |
March 8 | Women’s Day (funüjie 婦女節) | |
March 12 | Arbor Day (zhishujie 植樹節) | Was also observed as Day of Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Passing (guofu shishi jinianri 國父逝世紀念日) |
March 29 | Youth Day (qingnianjie 青年節) | Sometimes also referred to in English as Martyr’s Day |
April 4 | Children’s Day (ertongjie 兒童節) | ✿ |
April 5 | Tomb Sweeping Day (qingmingjie 清明節 aka saomujie 掃墓節) | ✿ |
April 7 | Freedom of Expression Day (yanlun ziyouri 言論自由日) | Observed since 2017 to commemorate the death of Nylon Cheng 鄭南榕 |
May 1 | Labour Day (laodongjie 勞動節) | ✿ An official holiday for blue-collar workers |
May 4 | Literary Day (wenyijie 文藝節) | |
June 3 | Opium Suppression Movement Day (jinyanjie 禁菸節) | |
June 15 | National Police Day (jingchajie 警察節) | |
Aug. 1 | Indigenous People’s Day (Taiwan yuanzhu minzuri 台灣原住民族日 | |
Aug. 8 | Father’s Day (fuqinjie 父親節 aka babajie 八八節 / 爸爸節) | |
Sept. 1 | Journalists Day (jizhejie 記者節) | |
Sept. 3 | Armed Forces Day (junrenjie 軍人節) | |
Sept. 28 | Teacher’s Day (jiaoshijie 教師節) | Also celebrated as Confucius’ Birthday (Kongzi danchen jinianri 孔子誕辰紀念日) |
Oct. 10 | National Day (guoqingri 國慶日 aka shuangshijie 雙十節) | ✿ |
Oct. 21 | Overseas Chinese Day (huaqiaojie 華僑節) | |
Oct. 25 | Taiwan Retrocession Day (Taiwan guangfujie 台灣光復節) | |
Oct. 31 | Chiang Kai-shek’s Birthday (xian zongtong Jiang gong danchen jinianri 先總統蔣公誕辰紀念日) | Cancelled as a holiday in 2007 |
Nov. 12 | Sun Yat-sen Birthday (guofu danchen jinianri 國父誕辰紀念日) | Was also observed as Cultural Renaissance Day (Zhonghua wenhua fuxingjie 中華文化復興節); cancelled as a holiday in 2016 |
Dec. 25 | Constitution Day (xingxian jinianri 行憲紀念日) | |
Notes
The date of Tomb Sweeping Day may vary as it is celebrated on the 15th day after the spring equinox (aka vernal
equinox). Between 1975 and 2007 April 5 was also observed as Anniversary of Chiang Kai-shek’s Passing (xian
zongtong Jiang gong shishi jinianri 先總統蔣公逝世紀念日).
Furthermore, there are other holidays with non-fixed dates according to the Gregorian Calendar, e. g. Farmers
Day (nongminjie 農民節) which is observed at the beginning of spring, Mother’s Day (muqinjie 母親節)
on the second Sunday in May, and the Tung Chih Festival which is observed on the winter solstice.
Eight astronomical events of the solar system—the beginning dates of the four seasons, the equinoxes and
the solstices—are sometimes referred to as "Eight Festivals" (bajie 八節). The dates shown in the table
directly below may vary depending on the year.
Date | Event |
|
Date | Event |
Feb. 5 | Spring begins [lichun 立春] |
March 20 | Spring equinox [chunfen 春分] |
May 5 | Summer begins [lixia 立夏] |
June 20/21 | Summer solstice [xiazhi 夏至] |
Aug. 7 | Autumn begins [liqiu 立秋] |
Sept. 22/23 | Autumnal equinox [qiufen 秋分] |
Nov. 7 | Winter begins [lidong 立冬] |
Dec. 21/22 | Winter solstice [dongzhi 冬至] |
Dates of the Lunar Calendar are shown here like this—“1-15” stands for the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.
Date | Holiday | Remarks |
1-1 | Lunar New Year (chunjie 春節 / guonian 過年) | ✿ |
1-15 | Lantern Festival (yuanxiaojie 元宵節) | Also celebrated as Tourism Day (guanguangjie 觀光節) |
2-2 | Earth God’s Birthday (tudigong danchen 土地公誕辰) | |
2-19 | Guan Yin’s Birthday (Guanyin danchen 觀音誕辰) | Guan Yin is also known as the Goddess of Mercy |
3-15 | God of Medicine’s Birthday (baosheng dadi danchen 保生大帝誕辰) | |
3-23 | Matsu’s Birthday (Mazu danchen 媽祖誕辰 / tianhou baodan 天后寶誕) | Matsu or Lin Moniang 林默娘 (960-987 CE) is revered as Goddess of the Sea |
4-8 | Buddha’s Birthday (fo danchen 佛誕辰) | |
5-5 | Dragon Boat Festival (duanwujie 端午節) | ✿ |
5-13 | Guan Gong’s Birthday (Guan Gong danchen 關公誕辰) | Guan Gong aka Guan Yu 關羽 (162-220 CE), a historical figure, was a general and is sometimes called the God of War; the holiday is also sometimes referred to as “Cheng Huang’s Birthday” (Cheng Huang ye danchen 城隍爺誕辰) |
7-7 | Double Seventh Festival (qixi 七夕) aka Qixi Festival (qixijie 七夕節) | Chinese Valentine’s Day |
7-14 | Koxinga’s Birthday (Zheng Chenggong danchen 鄭成功誕辰) | |
7-15 | Ghost Festival (zhongyuanjie 中元節) | |
8-15 | Mid-Autumn Festival (zhongqiujie 中秋節) | ✿ Sometimes also referred to in English as “Moon Festival” |
9-9 | Double Ninth Festival (chongjiu 重九 / chongyangjie 重陽節) | |
10-15 | Xia Yuan Festival (xiayuanjie 下元節) | Emperor Yu’s Birthday—the legendary Yu the Great 大禹 is traditionally worshipped the founder of the Xia Dynasty 夏 who “conquered the flood”; on that day the indigenous Saisiat Festival (saixiajie 賽夏節) is also celebrated in Taiwan |
12-23 | Kitchen God Festival (jizaojie 祭灶節) | |
12-29/30 | Lunar New Year’s Eve (nongli chuxi 農曆除夕) | ✿ |
According to the Republic of China Yearbook 1989 (p. 774), Koxinga’s Birthday falls on 1-16 of the Lunar Calendar.
TOP HOME
===== ===== ===== ===== =====
Japan has a calendar reminiscent of the Chinese system, based on the reign of their Emperor (tianhuang 天皇/Tennō),
and it was used in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period (1895-1945). At that time, a
succession of three Emperors ruled the Land of the Rising Sun:
- Mutsuhito (Muren 睦仁 /~) in the Meiji Era (mingzhi 明治 /~),
- Yoshihito (Jiaren 嘉仁 /~) in the Taisho Era (dazheng 大正 /Taishō), and
- Hirohito (Yuren 裕仁 /~) in the Showa Era (zhaohe 昭和 /Shōwa).
Note: The tilde (~) is used to indicate that the common English depiction of the Japanese term is identical
with the correct Romanization as used by linguists.
The table below shows biographical details of Japan's emperors since 1867.
Name |
Born |
Ascension |
Died |
Era name |
Mutsuhito 睦仁 |
1852, Nov. 3 |
1867, Feb. 3 |
1912, July 30 |
Meiji 明治 |
Yoshihito 嘉仁 |
1879, Aug. 31 |
1912, July 30 |
1926, Dec. 25 |
Taisho 大正 |
Hirohito 裕仁 |
1901, April 29 |
1926, Dec. 25 |
1989, Jan. 7 |
Showa 昭和 |
Akihito 明仁 |
1933, Dec. 23 |
1989, Jan. 7 |
— |
Heisei 平成 |
Naruhito 德仁 |
1960, Feb. 23 |
2019, April 30 |
— |
Reiwa 令和 |
After Hirohito died in 1989, he was followed on the throne by his son Akihito (Mingren 明仁 /~) who ushered the
Heisei Era (pingcheng 平成 /~). Akihito abdicated according to his wishes on April 30, 2019 and was succeeded by
his son Naruhito (Deren 德仁 /~), and on April 1, 2019 the Japanese cabinet announced that the incoming emperor's
era title (yuanhao 元號 /gengō) would be Reiwa (linghe 令和 /~), effective beginning May 1, 2019.
The following table lists selected years of the emperors' eras according to the Japanese system for orientation.
1868 |
Meiji Year 1 (明治元年) |
| 1945 |
Showa Year 20 (昭和 20 年) |
1895 |
Meiji Year 28 (明治 28 年) |
1989 |
Showa Year 64 (昭和 64 年) = Heisei Year 1 (平成元年) |
1912 |
Meiji Year 45 (明治 45 年) = Taisho Year 1 (大正元年) |
2019 |
Heisei Year 31 (平成 31 年) = Reiwa Year 1 (令和元年) |
1926 |
Taisho Year 15 (大正 15 年) = Showa Year 1 (昭和元年) |
|
Brief outline of Japan’s history
Name of period / era |
Years |
Jōmon period 繩文 | ca. 14,000 — 1000 BC |
Yayoi period 彌生 | 1000 BC — 300 A.D. |
Kofun period 古墳 (aka Yamato period 大和) | 300–538 |
Asuka period 飛鳥 | 538–710 |
Nara period 奈良 | 710–794 |
Heian period 平安 | 794–1185 |
Kamakura period 鐮倉 | 1185–1333 |
Muromachi period 室町 (aka Ashikaga period 足利) | 1336–1573 |
Azuchi-Momoyama period 安土 桃山 | 1573–1603 |
Edo period 江戶 (aka Tokugawa period 德川) | 1603–1868 |
Meiji era 明治 | 1868–1912 (Emperor Mutsuhito 睦仁, 1852-1912) |
Taishō era 大正 | 1912–1926 (Emperor Yoshihito 嘉仁, 1879-1926) |
Shōwa era 昭和 | 1926–1989 (Emperor Hirohito 裕仁, 1901-1989) |
Heisei era 平成 | 1989–2019 (Emperor Akihito 明仁, b. 1933; abdicated) |
Reiwa era 令和 | since 2019 (Emperor Naruhito 德仁, b. 1960) |
TOP HOME
Most (but not all) agencies, organizations and companies listed below were established by Japan during the
period of Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan (1895-1945).
Name (English) |
Japanese kanji |
Hiragana |
Romanization |
Aboriginal Affairs Headquarters |
蕃務本署 |
ばんむほんしょ |
Banmu Honsho |
Advanced Academy of Agronomy and Forestry |
台湾総督府農林専門学校 |
たいわんそうとくふのうりんせんもんがっこう |
Taiwan Sōtokufu Nōrin Senmon Gakkō |
Agricultural Experiment Station |
水稲試作所 |
すいとうしさくじょ |
Suitō Shisakujo |
Agriculture Department, Taiwan Governor's Central Research Institute |
台湾総督府中央研究所農業部 |
たいわんそうとくふちゅうおうけんきゅうじょのうぎょうぶ |
Taiwan Sōtokufu Chūō Kenkyūjo Nōgyōbu |
Agriculture Experiment Station |
農事試験場 |
のうじしけんじょう |
Nōji Shikenjō |
Animal Antiserum Production Laboratory |
獣疫血清製造所 |
じゅうえきけっせいせいぞうしょ |
Jūeki Kessei Seizōsho |
Association of East Asian Relations |
亜東関係協会 |
あとうかんけいきょうかい |
Atō Kankei Kyōkai |
Bank of Taiwan (BOT) |
台湾銀行 |
たいわんぎんこう |
Taiwan Ginkō |
Bureau of Foreign Affairs |
外事部 |
がいじぶ |
Gaiji Bu |
Bureau of Judicial Affairs |
法務部 |
ほうむぶ |
Hōmu Bu |
Changhua Youth Normal School |
台湾総督府彰化青年師範学校 |
たいわんそうとくふしょうかせいねんしはんがっこう |
Taiwan Sōtokufu Shōka Seinen Shihan Gakkō |
Chia-I Bank |
嘉義銀行 |
かぎぎんこう |
Kagi Ginkō |
Commercial and Industrial Bank of Taiwan |
台湾商工銀行 |
たいわんこうしょうぎんこう |
Taiwan Kōshō Ginkō |
Dadao Municipal Government of Shanghai |
上海市大道政府 |
シャンハイしだいどうせいふ |
Shanhai Shi Daidō Seifu |
Dai-Nippon Sugar Manufacturing Company |
大日本製糖株式会社 |
だいにほんせいとうかぶしきがいしゃ |
Dai Nihon Seitō Kabushiki Gaisha |
Defense Agency |
防衛庁 |
ぼうえいちょう |
Bōei Chō |
Department of Agriculture and Commerce |
農商局 |
のうしょうきょく |
Nōshō Kyoku |
Department of Army |
陸軍局 |
りくぐんきょく |
Rikugun Kyoku |
Department of Civil Affairs (1895) |
民政局 |
みんせいきょく |
Minsei Kyoku |
Department of Civil Affairs (1898) |
民政部 |
みんせいぶ |
Minseibu |
Department of Communications |
通信局 |
つうしんきょく |
Tsūshin Kyoku |
Department of Education |
文教局 |
ぶんきょうきょく |
Bunkyō Kyoku |
Department of Engineering |
土木局 |
どぼくきょく |
Doboku Kyoku |
Department of Finance |
財務局 |
ざいむきょく |
Zaimu Kyoku |
Department of General Affairs |
総務局 |
そうむきょく |
Sōmu Kyoku |
Department of Internal Affairs |
内務局L |
ないむきょく |
Naimu Kyoku |
Department of Military Affairs |
軍務局 |
ぐんむきょく |
Gunmu Kyoku |
Department of Mines and Industry |
礦工局 |
こうこうきょく |
Kōkō Kyoku |
Department of Navy |
海軍局 |
かいぐんきょく |
Kaigun Kyoku |
Department of Police |
警務局 |
けいむきょく |
Keimu Kyoku |
Department of Postal Affairs |
逓信局 |
ていしんきょく |
Teishin Kyoku |
Department of Production |
殖産局 |
しょくさんきょく |
Shokusan Kyoku |
Ensuiko Sugar Refining Co. Ltd. |
塩水港製糖株式会社 |
えんすいこうせいとうかぶしきがいしゃ |
Ensuik ō Seitō Kabushiki Gaisha |
Forestry Experimental Plot |
林業試験地 |
りんぎょうしけんち |
Ringyō Shikenchi |
Great Japan Taiwan Hospital |
大日本台湾病院 |
だいにっぽんたいわんびょういん |
Dai Nippon Taiwan Byōin |
Horse Breeding Farm |
種馬牧場 |
たねうまぼくじょう |
Taneuma Bokujō |
Hsin-Kao Bank |
新高銀行 |
にいたかぎんこう |
Niitaka Ginkō |
Imperial Japanese Army |
大日本帝国陸軍 |
だいにっぽんていこくりくぐん |
Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun |
Imperial Japanese Navy |
大日本帝国海軍 |
だいにっぽんていこくかいぐん |
Dai-Nippon Teikoku Kaigun |
Interchange Association |
財団法人交流協会 |
ざいだんほうじんこうりゅうきょうかい |
Zaidan Hōjin Kōryu Kyōkai |
Japan-ROC Diet Members' Consultative Council |
日華議員懇談会 |
にっかぎいんこんだんかい |
Nikka Giin Kondankai |
Japan–Taiwan Exchange Association |
公益財団法人日本台湾交流協会 |
こうえきざいだんほうじんにほんたいわんこうりゅうきょうかい |
Kōeki Zaidan Hōjin Nihon Taiwan Kōryū Kyōkai |
Japanese Cultural Center |
日本文化中心 |
にほんぶんかちゅうしん |
Nihon Bunka Chūshin |
Japanese Overseas Agency in Taipei |
日本駐台北海外事務所 |
にほんちゅう タイペイ かいがいじむしょ |
Nihon Chū Taipei Kaigai Jimusho |
Kwantung Army |
関東軍 |
かんとうぐん |
Kantō Gun |
League for the Establishment of a Formosan Parliament |
台湾議会期成同盟会 |
たいわんぎかいきせいどうめいかい |
Taiwan Gikai Kisei Dōmeikai |
Manchukuo |
満洲国 |
まんしゅうこく |
Manshū Koku |
Meiji Sugar Company |
明治製糖株式会社 |
めいじせいとうかぶしきがいしゃ |
Meiji Seitō Kabushiki Gaisha |
Ministry of Defense |
防衛省 |
ぼうえいしょう |
Bōei Shō |
Ministry of Taiwan Railway |
台湾総督府鉄道部 |
たいわんそうとくふてつどうぶ |
Taiwan Sōtokufu Tetsudōbu |
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Corporation |
三菱重工業株式会社 |
みつびしじゅうこうぎょうかぶしきがいしゃ |
Mitsubishi Jūkōgyō Kabushiki Gaisha |
Monopoly Bureau of the Taiwan Governor's Office |
台湾総督府専売局 |
たいわんそうとくふせんばいきょく |
Taiwan Sōtokufu Senbaikyoku |
National Defense Academy of Japan |
防衛大学校 |
ぼうえいだいがっこう |
Bōei Daigakkō |
New People Society |
新民会 |
しんみんかい |
Shin Minkai |
North Thermal Power Plant |
北部火力発電所 |
ほくぶかりょくはつでんしょ |
Hokubu Hatsudensho |
Peking government |
北京政府 |
ぺきんせいふ |
Pekin Seifu |
Police Headquarters |
警察本署 |
けいさつほんしょ |
Keisatsu Honsho |
Provisional Government of the Republic of China |
中華民国臨時政府 |
ちゅうかみんこくりんじせいふ |
Chūka Minkoku Rinji Seifu |
Railway Ministry |
台湾総督府交通局鉄道部 |
たいわんそうとくふこうつうきょくてつどうぶ |
Taiwan Sōtokufu Kōtsū Kyoku Tetsudōbu |
Reformed Government of the Republic of China |
中華民国維新政府 |
ちゅうかみんこくいしんせいふ |
Chūka Minkoku Ishin Seifu |
Rinderpest Antiserum Production Laboratory |
牛疫血清作業所 |
ぎゅうえきけっせいさぎょうしょ |
Gyūeki Kessei Sagyōsho |
Ryukyu Domain |
琉球藩 |
りゅうきゅうはん |
Ryūkyū Han |
Ryukyu Kingdom |
琉球国 |
りゅうきゅうこく |
Ryūkyū Koku |
Savings Bank of Taiwan |
台湾貯蓄銀行 |
たいわん ちょちく ぎんこう |
Taiwan Chochiku Ginkō |
Secretariat to the Governor-General |
総督官房 |
そうとくか ん ぼう |
Sōtoku Kanbō |
Songshan Air Base |
松山飛行基地 |
まつやまひこうきち |
Matsuyama Hikō Kichi |
Songshan Airport |
松山飛行場 |
まつやま ひこうじょう |
Matsuyama Hikōjō |
Sugarcane Seedling Nursery |
蔗苗養成所 |
しゃ びょう ようせいじょ |
ShabyōYōseijo |
Taichu Advanced College of Agronomy and Forestry |
台中高等農林学校 |
たいちゅうこうとうのうりんがっこう |
Taichū Kōtō Nōrin Gakkō |
Taichu Prefectural Library |
台中州立図書館 |
たいちゅうしゅうりつとしょかん |
Taichū Shūritsu Toshokan |
Taihoku Botanical Garden |
台北植物園 |
たいほく しょくぶつえん |
Taihoku Shokubutsuen |
Taihoku College |
台湾総督府台北高等学校 |
たいわんそうとくふたいほくこうとうがっこう |
Taiwan Sōtokufu Taihoku Kōtōgakkō |
Taihoku Imperial University |
台北帝国大学 |
たいほくていこくだいがく |
Taihoku Teikoku Daigaku |
Taihoku Observatory |
台北観測所 |
たいほくかんそくしょ |
Taihoku Kansokujo |
Taihoku Regional Court |
台北地方法院 |
たいほくちほうほういん |
Taihoku Chihō Hōin |
Taihoku Seedling Nursery |
台北苗圃 |
たいほく びょうほ |
Taihoku Byōho |
Taihoku Weather Monitoring Station under the Taiwan Governor's Office |
台湾総督府台北測候所 |
たいわんそうとくふたいほくそっこうじょ |
Taiwan Sōtokufu Taihoku Sokkōjo |
Tainan Technical College (1931) |
台南高等工業学校 |
たいなんこうとうこうぎょうがっこう |
Tainan Kōtō Kōgyō Gakkō |
Tainan Technical College (1944) |
台南工業專門学校 |
たいなんこうぎょうせんもんがっこう |
Tainan Kōgyō Senmon Gakkō |
Taipei Culture Center |
台北文化中心 |
たいほくぶんかちゅうしん |
Taihoku Bunka Chūshin |
Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office |
台北経済文化代表処 |
タイペイけいざいぶんかだいひょうしょ |
Taipei Keizai Bunka Daihyōsho |
Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in Japan |
台北駐日経済文化代表処 |
タイペイちゅうにちけいざいぶんかだいひょうしょ |
Taipei Chūnichi Keizai Bunka Daihyōsho |
Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in Japan |
台北駐日経済文化代表処 |
たいぺいちゅうにちけいざいぶんかだいひょうしょ |
Taipei Chūnichi Keizai Bunka Daihyōsho |
Taiwan Assimilation Society |
台湾同化会 |
たいわんどうかかい |
Taiwan Dōkakai |
Taiwan Camphor Bureau |
台湾樟脳局 |
たいわんしょうのうきょく |
Taiwan Shōnō Kyoku |
Taiwan Dockyard Corporation |
台湾船渠株式会社 |
たいわんせんきょかぶしきがいしゃ |
Taiwan Senkyo Kabushiki Gaisha |
Taiwan Governor's Agriculture Laboratory |
台湾総督府農業試験所 |
たいわんそうとくふのうぎょうしけんじょ |
Taiwan Sōtokufu Nōgyō Shikenjo |
Taiwan Governor's Bureau of Productive Industries |
台湾総督府殖産局 |
たいわんそうとくふしょくさんきょく |
Taiwan Sōtokufu Shōkusan Kyoku |
Taiwan Governor’s High Court |
台湾総督府高等法院 |
たいわんそうとくふこうとうほういん |
Taiwan Sōtokufu Kōtō Hōin |
Taiwan Governor's High Court Prosecution Bureau |
台湾総督府高等法院検察局 |
たいわんそうとくふこうとうほういんけんさつきょく |
Taiwan Sōtokufu Kōtō Hōin Kensatsu Kyoku |
Taiwan Governor's Library |
台湾総督府図書館 |
たいわんそうとくふとしょうかん |
Taiwan Sōtokufu Toshōkan |
Taiwan Governor Museum |
台湾総督府民政部殖産局附属博物館 |
たいわんそうとくふみんせいぶしょくさんきょくふぞくはくぶつかん |
Taiwan Sōtokufu Minseibu Shokusan Kyoku Fuzoku Hakubutsukan |
Taiwan Governor's Office Weather Observatory |
台湾総督府気象台 |
たいわんそうとくふきしょうだい |
Taiwan Sōtokufu Kishōdai |
Taiwan Independence Revolutionary Council |
台湾独立革命委員会 |
たいわんどくりつかくめいいいんかい |
Taiwan Dokuritsu Kakumei Iinkai |
Taiwan Medical School |
台湾総督府医学校 |
たいわんそうとくふいがっこう |
Taiwan Sōtokufu Igakkō |
Taiwan People's Party |
台湾民党 |
たいわんみんとう |
Taiwan Mintō |
Taiwan Pharmaceutical Factory |
台湾製薬所 |
たいわんせいやくしょ |
Taiwan Seiyakusho |
Taiwan Power Corporation |
台湾電力株式会社 |
たいわんでんりょくかぶしきがいしゃ |
Taiwan Denryoku Kabushiki Gaisha |
Taiwan Provincial College |
台湾総督府高等学校 |
たいわんそうとくふこうとうがっこう |
Taiwan Sōtokufu Kōtōgakkō |
Taiwan Salt Bureau |
台湾塩務局 |
たいわんえんむきょく |
Taiwan Enmu Kyoku |
Taiwan Shinkansen |
台湾新幹線 |
たいわんしんかんせん |
Taiwan Shinkansen |
Taiwan Steel Works |
株式会社台湾鉄工所 |
かぶしきがいしゃたいわんてっこうしょ |
Kabushiki Gaisha Taiwan Tekkōjo |
Taiwan Sugar Company |
台湾製糖株式会社 |
たいわんせいとうかぶしきがいしゃ |
Taiwan Seitō Kabushiki Gaisha |
Taiwanese Alliance for Home Rule |
台湾地方自治聯盟 |
たいわんちほうじちれんめい |
Taiwan Chihō Jichi Renmei |
Taiwanese Communist Party |
台湾共産党 |
たいわんき ょうさんとう |
Taiwan Kyōsantō |
Taiwanese Cultural Association |
台湾文化協会 |
たいわんぶんかきょうかい |
Taiwan Bunka Kyōkai |
Taiwanese Popular Party |
台湾民衆党 |
たいわんみんしゅうとう |
Taiwan Minshūtō |
Takasago Malted Beer Company |
高砂麦酒株式会社 |
たかさごびーるかぶしきがいしゃ |
Takasago Bīru Kabushiki Gaisha |
Takasago Volunteers |
高砂義勇隊 |
たかさごぎゆうたい |
Takasago Giyūtai |
Tatung Iron Works |
株式会社大同鉄工所 |
かぶしきがいしゃだいどうてっこうじょ |
Kabushiki Gaisha Daitō Tekkōjo |
Tea Manufacture Experiment Station |
台湾総督府殖産局附属製茶試験場 |
たいわんそうとくふしょくさんきょくふぞくせいちゃしけんじょう |
Taiwan Sōtokufu Shōkusan Kyoku Fuzoku Seicha Shikenjō |
Toko Kogyo Corporation |
東光興業株式会社 |
とうこうこうぎょうかぶしきがいしゃ |
Tōkō Kōgyō Kabushiki Gaisha |
Tokyo Office, Association of East Asian Relations |
亜東関係協会東京弁事処 |
あとうかんけいきょうかいとうきょうべんじしょ |
Atō Kankei Kyōkai Tōkyō Benjisho |
Tribute to the Emperor Society |
皇民奉公会 |
こうみんほうこうかい |
Kōmin Hōkōkai |
Unit 731 |
731 部隊 |
ななさんいちぶたい |
Nana San Ichi Butai |
Wushantou Reservoir |
烏山頭貯水池 |
うさんとうちょすいち |
Usantō Chosuichi |
Yasukuni Shrine |
靖国神社 |
やすくにじんじゃ |
Yasukuni Jinja |
Zuoying Harbour |
左営港 |
さえいこう |
Saei Kō |
Please note that in the table below the pronunciation for some geographical names of places outside Japan
(e. g. Potsdam, Versailles) is shown not in Hiragana but in Katakana.
Name (English) |
Japanese kanji |
Hiragana |
Romanization |
Chang Tso-lin Incident |
張作霖爆殺事件 |
ちょうさくりんばくさつじけん |
Chō Sakurin Baku Satsu Jiken |
First Instrument of Surrender |
日本の降伏文書 |
にほんのこうふくぶんしょ |
Nipponno Kōfuku Bunsho |
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere |
大東亜共栄圏 |
だいとうあきょうえいけん |
Dai Tōa Kyōeiken |
Jinan Incident |
済南事件 |
さいなんじけん |
Sainan Jiken |
Liaotung Convention |
遼東還付条約 |
りょうとうかんぷじょうやく |
Ryōtō Kanpu Jōyaku |
Manchuria Incident |
満洲事変 |
まんしゅうじへん |
Manshū Jihen |
Okinawa Reversion Agreement |
沖縄返還協定 |
おきなわへんかんきょうてい |
Okinawa Henkan Kyōtei |
Operation Ichi-Go |
大陸打通作戦 |
たいりくだつうさくせん |
Tairiku Datsū Sakusen |
Peace Treaty between the ROC and Japan |
日本国と中華民国との間の平和条約 |
にほんこくとちゅうかみんこくとのあいだのへいわじょうやく |
Nippon Kokuto Chuka Minkoku Tono Aidano Heiwa Jōyaku |
Potsdam Agreement |
ポツダム協定 |
ポツダムきょうてい |
Potsudamu Kyōtei |
Potsdam Declaration |
ポツダム宣言 |
ポツダムせんげん |
Potsudamu Sengen |
San Francisco Peace Treaty |
日本国との平和条約 |
にっぽんこくとのへいわじょうやく |
Nippon Kokutono Heiwa Jōyaku |
Sino-Japanese War |
日清戦争 |
にっしんせんそう |
Nisshin Sensō |
Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact |
日ソ中立条約 |
にっ ソちゅうりつじょうやく |
Nisso Chūritsu Jōyaku |
Taiwan-Japan Fisheries Agreement |
日台漁業取り決め |
にったいぎょぎょうとりきめ |
Nittai Gyogyō Tori Kime |
Tanggu Truce |
塘沽協定 |
タンクきょうてい |
Tanku Kyōtei |
Treaty of Peace and Friendship |
日本国と中華人民共和国との間の平和友好条約 |
にほんこくとちゅうかじんみんきょうわこくとのあいだのへいわゆうこうじょうやく |
Nippon Kokuto Chūgoku Jimmin Kyōwakoku Tono Aidano Heiwa Yūkō Jōyaku |
Treaty of Shimonoseki |
下関条約 |
しものせきじょうやく |
Shimonoseki Jōyaku |
Treaty of Versailles |
ヴェルサイユ条約 |
ヴェルサイユじょうやく |
Verusaiyu Jōyaku |
Triple Intervention |
三国干渉 |
さんごくかんしょう |
San Goku Kanshō |
Twenty-One Demands |
対華二十一ヵ条要求 |
たいか 21 かじょうようきゅう |
Taika Nijūikkajō Yōkyū |
The Japanese writing system has its roots in Chinese characters. More details about this topic can be found in a separate PDF file
(18 pages in A4 format), click here.
Another PDF file (73 pages in A4 format) provides information about the 3,000 most frequently used Chinese characters and
more—click here.
Additional information pertaining to that subject can be found on the following pages of this website.
TOP HOME
===== ===== ===== ===== =====
Dynasty / period |
Dates |
Xia 夏 (legendary) |
(trad. 2205-1766 BC) ca. 2000-1500 BC |
Shang 商 aka Yin 殷 |
(trad. 1766-1122 BC) ca. 1500-1000 BC |
Zhou 周 |
ca. 1000-221 BC |
—Western Zhou 西周 |
(trad. 1122-770 BC) ca. 1000-770 BC |
—Eastern Zhou 東周 |
770-221 BC |
——Spring and Autumn Period 春秋 |
trad. 770-476 BC |
——Warring States Period 戰國時代 |
trad. 475-221 BC |
Qin 秦 |
221-207 BC |
Han 漢 |
207 BC – 220 AD |
—Western Han 西漢 |
207 BC – 8 AD |
—Xin 新 (Interregnum of Wang Mang 王莽) |
9-23 AD |
—Eastern Han 東漢 |
23-220 AD |
Three Kingdoms 三國時代 |
220-280 |
—Wei 魏 (Cao Wei 曹魏) |
220-265 |
—Shu 蜀 (Minor Han/Shu Han 蜀漢) |
221-263 |
—Wu 吳 |
222-280 |
Western Jin 西晉 |
265/280-316 |
• PERIOD OF DIVISION • |
North China |
The Sixteen Nations 五胡十六國 |
304-439 |
Northern Dynasties 北朝 |
386-589 |
South China |
Eastern Jin 東晉 |
317-419 |
Southern Dynasties 南朝 |
386-589 |
Sui 隋 |
581/589-618 |
Tang 唐 |
618-907 |
• PERIOD OF DIVISION: The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國 • |
—Five Dynasties 五代 |
907-960 |
—Ten Kingdoms 十國 |
902-979 |
Song 宋 |
960/979-1279 |
—Northern Song 北宋 |
960/979-1126 |
—Southern Song 南宋 |
1126-1279 |
Yuan 元 [Mongols] |
1279-1368 |
Ming 明 |
1368-1644 |
Qing 清 [Manchus] |
1644-1911 |
For a more detailed account of Imperial China's history click
here.
TOP HOME
===== ===== ===== ===== =====
The table below shows Taiwan's time zone in comparison with selected major time zones in the US and Europe plus Japan, including
the following: Coordinated Universal Time (abbrev. UTC)/Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) as the world's primary time standard; in the US—Pacific
Standard Time (PST), Mountain Standard Time (MST), Central Standard Time (CST), Eastern Standard Time (EST); in Europe—Central European
Time (CET).
PST (UTC –8) |
MST (UTC –7) |
CST (UTC –6) |
EST (UTC –5) |
UTC — |
CET (UTC +1) |
Taiwan (UTC +8) |
Japan (UTC +9) |
1700 |
1800 |
1900 |
2000 |
0100 |
0200 |
0900 |
1000 |
1800 |
1900 |
2000 |
2100 |
0200 |
0300 |
1000 |
1100 |
1900 |
2000 |
2100 |
2200 |
0300 |
0400 |
1100 |
1200 |
2000 |
2100 |
2200 |
2300 |
0400 |
0500 |
1200 |
1300 |
2100 |
2200 |
2300 |
2400 |
0500 |
0600 |
1300 |
1400 |
2200 |
2300 |
2400 |
0100 |
0600 |
0700 |
1400 |
1500 |
2300 |
2400 |
0100 |
0200 |
0700 |
0800 |
1500 |
1600 |
2400 |
0100 |
0200 |
0300 |
0800 |
0900 |
1600 |
1700 |
0100 |
0200 |
0300 |
0400 |
0900 |
1000 |
1700 |
1800 |
0200 |
0300 |
0400 |
0500 |
1000 |
1100 |
1800 |
1900 |
0300 |
0400 |
0500 |
0600 |
1100 |
1200 |
1900 |
2000 |
0400 |
0500 |
0600 |
0700 |
1200 |
1300 |
2000 |
2100 |
0500 |
0600 |
0700 |
0800 |
1300 |
1400 |
2100 |
2200 |
0600 |
0700 |
0800 |
0900 |
1400 |
1500 |
2200 |
2300 |
0700 |
0800 |
0900 |
1000 |
1500 |
1600 |
2300 |
2400 |
0800 |
0900 |
1000 |
1100 |
1600 |
1700 |
2400 |
0100 |
0900 |
1000 |
1100 |
1200 |
1700 |
1800 |
0100 |
0200 |
1000 |
1100 |
1200 |
1300 |
1800 |
1900 |
0200 |
0300 |
1100 |
1200 |
1300 |
1400 |
1900 |
2000 |
0300 |
0400 |
1200 |
1300 |
1400 |
1500 |
2000 |
2100 |
0400 |
0500 |
1300 |
1400 |
1500 |
1600 |
2100 |
2200 |
0500 |
0600 |
1400 |
1500 |
1600 |
1700 |
2200 |
2300 |
0600 |
0700 |
1500 |
1600 |
1700 |
1800 |
2300 |
2400 |
0700 |
0800 |
1600 |
1700 |
1800 |
1900 |
2400 |
0100 |
0800 |
0900 |
Please note that the same time applies year-round in Taiwan as there is no Daylight Saving Time (DST). Major zones with DST
in the US and Europe are calculated as follows: PDT (UTC –7), MDT (UTC –6), CDT (UTC –5), EDT (UTC –4); Central European
Summer Time (CEST) = UTC +2.
TOP HOME
===== ===== ===== ===== =====
|