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Other central government agencies
- Diverse major agencies / Semi-official organizations
- Handling of the Cross-Strait relations
- State-owned enterprises / Public institutions
- The ROC military
Note: Users of this website can also refer to the Site Map for more details about which
agencies, organizations and companies are introduced on this page. In addition to various agencies and institutions affiliated
with the ROC military, 7 important ROC government agencies and semi-official organizations plus 16 state-owned enterprises and
public institutions are presented here.
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✉ Office of Trade Negotiations (OTN) 行政院經貿談判辦公室 |
3 F., No. 25 Baoqing Road, Zhongzheng District, Taipei City 10043, Taiwan ROC [10043 台北市中正區寶慶路 25 號 3 樓]
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🌏 OTN – Web link |
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The OTN (xingzhengyuan jingmao tanpan bangongshi
行政院經貿談判辦公室, 🏁—zong tanpan daibiao 總談判代表) under the ROC Executive
Yuan was established on Sept. 20, 2016 and is designed to spearhead the ROC's international trade negotiations as well
as shape the country's position in such negotiations. It is headed by the minister without portfolio
(zhengwu weiyuan 政務委員) in charge of trade policy coordination.
OTN chief negotiators
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
9/2016— | John C. C. Deng 鄧振中 | b. 1952 | N/A |
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✉ Kinmen-Matsu Joint Services Center 行政院金馬聯合服務中心 |
No. 34 Minquan Road, Jincheng Town, Kinmen County 89345, Fujian ROC [89345 金門縣金城鎮民權路 34 號]
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🌏 Kinmen-Matsu Joint Services Center – Web link |
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The Kinmen-Matsu Joint Services Center (xingzhengyuan Jin Ma lianhe
fuwu zhongxin 行政院金馬聯合服務中心, 🏁—zhuren 主任) under the ROC Executive
Yuan was established on Jan. 17, 2017. When the ROC's Fujian Provincial Government (FPG)
became defunct at the end of December 2018, it was merged into the center, and the director of the agency—who is also a minister
without portfolio—replaced the position of FPG governor. Another senior position in the Kinmen-Matsu Joint Services Center
is CEO (zhixingzhang 執行長).
Additional information can be found in the chapters about Kinmen County and
Lienchiang County (Matsu).
Kinmen-Matsu Joint Services Center director
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
1/2017— | Chang Ching-sen 張景森 | b. 1959 | Taiwan |
Kinmen-Matsu Joint Services Center CEO
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
1/2017— | Wong Ming-chih 翁明志 | b. 1958 | Fujian |
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✉ Board of Science and Technology (BOST) 行政院科技會報 |
5 F., No. 106 Heping East Road Sec. 2, Daan District, Taipei City 10636, Taiwan ROC [10636 台北市大安區和平東路 2 段 106 號 5 樓]
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🌏 BOST – Web link |
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In December 1979 the Science and Technology Advisory Group (xingzhengyuan keji guwenzu 行政院科技顧問組,
abbrev. keguzu 科顧組 in Chinese and STAG in English) under the ROC Executive
Yuan was established. After its inception, it was headed by a convener (zhaojiren 召集人) who was also a
minister without portfolio. When political power in the ROC was transferred from the KMT
to the DPP on May 20, 2000, STAG was reorganized to be headed by the ROC
premier, and the position of co-convener (fuzhaojiren 副召集人)
has since been filled by a minister without portfolio. Above list shows the conveners before May 2000 and since then
the co-conveners. Additional important positions are executive secretary (zhixing mishu 執行秘書) and deputy
executive secretary (fuzhixing mishu 副執行秘書). On Jan. 1, 2012 STAG was restructured as BOST (xingzhengyuan
keji huibao 行政院科技會報).
BOST conveners/co-conveners
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
12/1979—7/1988 | Li Kwoh-ting 李國鼎 | 1910-2001 | Jiangsu |
6/1989—2/1993 | Kuo Nan-hung 郭南宏 | b. 1936 | Taiwan |
2/1993—6/1996 | Hsia Han-min 夏漢民 | b. 1932 | Fujian |
6/1996—5/2000 | Yang Shih-chien 楊世緘 | b. 1944 | Shanghai |
|
5/2000—5/2004 | Tsay Ching-yen 蔡清彥 | b. 1944 | Taiwan |
5/2004—5/2008 | Lin Ferng-ching 林逢慶 | b. 1947 | Taiwan |
5/2008—2/2011 | Chang Jin-fu 張進福 | b. 1948 | Taiwan |
3/2011—2/2012 | Cyrus C. Y. Chu 朱敬一 | b. 1955 | Taiwan |
2/2012—3/2014 | Simon Chang San-cheng 張善政 | b. 1954 | N/A |
3/2014—10/2014 | Chiang Been-huang 蔣丙煌 | b. 1951 | N/A |
12/2014—2/2015 | Duh Tyzz-jiun 杜紫軍 | b. 1959 | Taiwan |
2/2015—1/2016 | Yan Hong-sen 顏鴻森 | b. 1951 | Taiwan |
2/2015—5/2016 | Shyu Jyuo-min 徐爵民 | b. 1954 | Taiwan |
2/2016—5/2016 | Chung Char-dir 鐘嘉德 | N/A | N/A |
5/2016—2/2017 | Yang Hung-duen 楊弘敦 | b. 1956 | Taiwan |
2/2017— | Wu Tsung-tsong 吳政忠 | b. 1955 | N/A |
Please note that the BOST website lists Yan Hong-sen 顏鴻森 as eighth co-convener
and Shyu Jyuo-min 徐爵民 as ninth co-convener with mostly overlapping tenures.
BOST has the following subdivisions:
▶ Administration Division (xingzhengzu 行政組),
▶ Biotechnology, Health, Medicine and Agriculture Division (sheng wei yi nong zu 生衛醫農組),
▶ Digital Innovation & Governance Initiative Division (shuwei guojiazu 數位國家組),
▶ Industrial Innovation Division (chanye chuangxinzu 產業創新組),
▶ Policy Coordination Division (zhengce xietiaozu 政策協調組),
▶ S&T Foresight Division (keji qianzhanzu 科技前瞻組); and
▶ Office of Science & Technology (xingzhengyuan keji huibao bangongshi 行政院科技會報辦公室).
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✉ Taiwan Transportation Safety Board (TTSB) 國家運輸安全調查委員會 |
11 F., No. 200 Beixin Road Sec. 3, Xindian District, New Taipei City 23143, Taiwan ROC [23143 新北市新店區北新路 3 段 200 號 11 樓]
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🌏 TTSB – Web link |
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Old logo of the Aviation Safety Council (ASC) |
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The TTSB (guojia yunshu anquan diaocha weiyuanhui
國家運輸安全調查委員會, abbrev. yun'anhui 運安會, 🏁—zhuren weiyuan 主任委員) was established
as Aviation Safety Council (xingzhengyuan feihang anquan weiyuanhui 行政院飛航安全委員會, abbrev. ASC) under
the supervision of the Executive Yuan on May 25, 1998, some three months after
an Airbus A300 operated by Taiwan's national carrier China Airlines (CAL) flying
from Denpasar, Indonesia to Taiwan crash-landed at the Chiang Kai-shek International Airport in Taoyuan
on Feb. 16, 1998, resulting in 204 fatalities, including ROC Central Bank governor
Sheu Yuan-dong. On May 20, 2012 the ASC became an independent, level 3 government agency, and its Chinese name was changed
to feihang anquan diaocha weiyuanhui 飛航安全調查委員會, abbrev. feianhui 飛安會). The ASC was then transformed
to the TTSB on Aug. 1, 2019 after the Organization
Act of the Taiwan Transportation Safety Board (guojia yunshu anquan diaocha weiyuanhui zuzhifa 國家運輸安全調查委員會組織法)
was approved by the ROC Legislative Yuan on April 2, 2019. Please note that the ASC
was sometimes confused with the Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA) under the
MOTC.
TTSB chairpersons
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
5/1998—5/2000 | Weng Cheng-i 翁政義 | b. 1944 | Taiwan |
5/2000—8/2000 @ | Wang Shih-sheng 王石生 | b. 1932 | N/A |
8/2000—5/2004 | Victor W. Liu 劉維琪 | b. 1952 | <Greece> |
5/2004—3/2005 | Yong Kay 戎凱 | b. 1941 | Shanghai |
4/2005—8/2005 @ | Weng Cheng-i (second time) |
8/2005—5/2010 | Wu Jing-shown 吳靜雄 | b. 1942 | Taiwan |
5/2010—8/2015 | Chang Yu-hern 張有恆 | b. 1954 | Taiwan |
8/2015—10/2015 | Jean Shen 沈啟 | b. 1949 | N/A |
12/2015—4/2018 | Hwung Hwung-hweng 黃煌煇 | b. 1946 | Taiwan |
4/2018—6/2018 @ | Chi Chia-fen 紀佳芬 | N/A | N/A |
7/2018—2/2023 | Young Hong-tsu 楊宏智 | b. 1955 | N/A |
2/2023— @ | Iris Yueh-ling Hsu 許悅玲 | b. 1971 | N/A |
The TTSB has the following subordinate units:
▶ Aviation Occurrence Investigation Division (hangkong diaochazu 航空調查組),
▶ Highway Occurrence Investigation Division (gonglu diaochazu 公路調查組),
▶ Marine Occurrence Investigation Division (shuilu diaochazu 水路調查組),
▶ Rail Occurrence Investigation Division (tiedao diaochazu 鐵道調查組),
▶ Research and Engineering Division (yunshu gongchengzu 運輸工程組),
▶ Safety Analysis Recommendations Division (yunshu anquanzu 運輸安全組);
▶ Accounting and Statistics Office (zhujishi 主計室),
▶ Government Ethics Office (zhengfengshi 政風室),
▶ Personnel Office (renshishi 人事室), and
▶ Secretariat (mishushi 秘書室).
Furthermore, a National Research Center for Transportation Safety Engineering (guojia yun'an gongcheng yanjiu
zhongxin 國家運安工程研究中心) is planned as well as regional offices in Hualien, Kaohsiung and Taichung.
Major air incidents in the Taiwan area and/or involving Taiwanese carriers since WWII
Besides China Airlines (CAL) the following Taiwanese carriers have
suffered major plane crashes—Civil Air Transport (minhang kongyun gongsi 民航空運公司, abbrev. CAT),
Daily Air (dean hangkong 德安航空), Emerald Pacific Airlines (lingtian hangkong 凌天航空), Far
Eastern Air Transport (yuandong hangkong gongsi 遠東航空公司, abbrev. FAT), Formosa Airlines (guohua
hangkong 國華航空)—called Yungshing Airlines (yongxing hangkong 永興航空) between 1966 and 1987,
TransAsia Airways (Fuxing hangkong gongsi 復興航空公司, abbrev. TNA; English name before 1983—Foshing
Airlines, abbrev. FAL), and UNI Air (lirong hangkong 立榮航空). The following is a chronology
of major civilian plane crashes.
1958 |
Oct. 1: A FAL PBY-5A Cataline flying boat known as
"Blue Swan" (lan tian'e 藍天鵝) carrying 4 crew members, 3 ROC military personnel and
4 US military personnel vanishes while traveling from Matsu to Taipei, no traces of wreckage
or the passengers are ever found; the ROC MND suspects
the plane having been shot down by PRC MiG fighter planes |
1964 |
June 20: A Curtiss C-46D operated by CAT flying from Taichung's Shui-nan
Airport to Taipei's Songshan Airport crashes near Shenkang 神岡 (Taichung County),
killing all 57 on board |
1968 |
Feb. 16: A CAT Boeing 727 from Hong Kong to Taipei carrying 63 passengers and crew crashes into mountains near Linkou 林口 (Taipei County), 21 dead |
June 3: A Curtiss C-46 Commando carrying an unknown number of people from the ROC Air Force Academy’s airport in Gangshan Township 岡山鎮 (Kaohsiung County) to Taipei crashes near the Jishuei River 急水溪 in Liuying Township 柳營 (Tainan County), no survivors |
1969 |
Feb. 24: A Handley Page HPR-7 Herald 201 operated by FAT flying from Kaohsiung to Taipei crashes at Kuijen 歸仁 (Tainan County), all 36 on board dead |
1970 |
Feb. 21: A FAT Douglas DC-3 cargo plane flying from Taipei to Chiayi crashes shortly after takeoff at Fushou Mountain 福壽山 (Taipei City) near Thumb Mountain 拇指山, killing all 2 on board |
Aug. 12: A CAL NAMC YS-11 carrying 31 passengers and crew from Hualien to Taipei crashes onto mountains shortly before landing, 14 dead |
1971 |
Nov. 21: A CAL Caravelle flying from Taipei to Hong Kong is believed to be destroyed by an inflight explosion caused by a bomb; 25 dead |
1975 |
July 31: A FAT Vickers Viscount carrying 75 passengers and crew from Hualien to Taipei crashes during a failed landing attempt, 27 dead |
1981 |
Aug. 22: A FAT Boeing 737 flying from Taipei to Penghu explodes in midair over mountainous terrain near Sanyi 三義 (Miaoli County); 110 dead |
1986 |
Feb. 16: A CAL Boeing 737 from Taipei to Penghu crashes into the sea near Penghu's Magong Airport during a go-around attempt, 13 dead |
1988 |
Jan. 19: A Formosa Airlines BN-2A passenger plane with 11 aboard from Taitung to Lanyu crashes into Lanyu's Chingshe Mountain 青蛇山; 10 dead |
1989 |
Oct. 26: A CAL Boeing 737 from Hualien to Taipei crashes shortly after take-off; 56 dead |
1991 |
Dec. 29: A CAL Boeing 747 cargo plane flying from Chiang Kai-shek international Airport in Taoyuan to Anchorage (Alaska, USA) crashes into mountains near Wanli 萬里 (Taipei County), killing all 5 on board |
1993 |
Nov. 4: A CAL Boeing 747 coming from Chiang Kai-shek International Airport overshoots the runway while landing on Hong Kong's Kai Tak Airport (qide jichang 啟德機場) during typhoon "Ira" and ends up in the water; all 396 people on board are safely evacuated |
1994 |
April 26: A CAL Airbus A300 flying from Chiang Kai-shek International Airport to Nagoya (Japan) crashes during landing due to pilot error; 264 dead |
1995 |
Jan. 30: A TNA ATR 72-200 carrying four crew but no passengers flying from Penghu to Taipei's Songshan Airport crashes in the mountains near Taoyuan, all 4 on board are killed |
1998 |
Feb. 16: A CAL Airbus A300 flying from Denpasar (Indonesia) to Taiwan crash-lands at the International Chiang Kai-shek Airport in Taoyuan; 204 dead |
1999 |
Aug. 22: A CAL MD-11 passenger jet with more than 300 persons on board flying from Bangkok to Hong Kong is thrown on its back by shear winds while landing on Chek Lap Kok Airport (chilajiao jichang 赤鱲角機場); 3 dead |
Aug. 24: A McDonnell-Douglas MD-90 operated by UNI Air carrying 96 passengers and crew from Taipei's Songshan Airport to Hualien suffers an explosion after landing, 1 dead |
2000 |
Oct. 31: A Boeing 747 operated by Singapore Airlines scheduled from Singapore's Changi Airport (zhangyi jichang 樟宜機場) to Los Angeles (California, USA) by mistake takes a runway closed for construction for takeoff during typhoon "Xangsane" after a stopover on Chiang Kai-shek International Airport, 83 of the 179 on board are killed |
2002 |
May 25: A CAL Boeing 747 flying from Chiang Kai-shek International Airport in Taoyuan to Hong Kong crashes into the sea near Penghu; 225 dead |
Dec. 21: A TNA ATR 72-200 cargo plane from Taoyuan to Macau crashes into the sea southwest of Penghu because of an ice buildup, killing the two pilots |
2007 |
Aug. 20: A CAL Boeing 737 from Taipei to Naha (Okinawa, Japan) bursts into flames moments after landing; 165 passengers and crew narrowly escape the disaster unharmed |
2014 |
July 23: A TNA ATR 72-500 with 58 on board from Kaohsiung crashes on go-around into a residential neighbourhood of Xixi Village 西溪村 (Huxi Township 湖西鄉, Penghu County) after a failed attempt to land at Penghu's Magong Airport during typhoon "Matmo"; 48 dead |
2015 |
Feb. 4: A TNA ATR 72-600 with 58 on board from Taipei's Songshan Airport en route to Kinmen crashes due to pilot error soon after take-off into the Keelung River (Jilonghe 基隆河) after hitting an elevated bridge in the area of Nan'gang; 43 dead |
Nov. 22: A Bell 206 jet ranger helicopter operated by Emerald Pacific Airlines sent to clean a buildup of soot on insulators in the Taoyuan area caused by air pollution crashes in Taishan District 泰山區 (New Taipei City, Taiwan), killing the pilot and an electrical worker |
2017 |
April 13: A Daily Air de Havilland Canada DHC6-400 Twin Otter aircraft coming from Taitung carrying 17 passengers and 2 crew overshoots the runway while landing on Orchid Island, four persons are slightly injured |
June 10: A Bell-31118 helicopter operated by Emerald Pacific Airlines carrying renowned documentary director Chi Po-lin 齊柏林, his assistant and a pilot crashes one hour after taking off from Taitung in a mountainous area of Fengbin Township 豐濱鄉 (Hualien County) while surveying for locations for the sequel to "Beyond Beauty: Taiwan from Above" (kanjian Taiwan 看見台灣), all three on board are killed |
2020 |
Jan. 2: A Black Hawk UH-60M helicopter belonging to the Air Force Rescue Group (kongjun jiuhudui 空軍救護隊) carrying 13 military personnel from Songshan Air Force Base 空軍松山基地 in Taipei to a radar station in Dong'ao 東澳 (Yilan county) as part of a pre-Lunar New Year inspection crashes in the mountains of Wulai District (New Taipei City), killing 8, including the Chief of General Staff Shen Yi-ming 沈一鳴 |
Extended powers
On Nov. 7, 2018 the ASC announced that starting 2019 the ASC would be mandated to also investigate railway, road and
marine accidents which in the past were investigated by prosecutors and the MOTC. Under
the new practice, the ASC/TTSB will step in if there is a road or railway accident with more than 15 fatalities or a marine
accident in which ships are damaged, whether or not there are fatalities.
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✉ Ill-gotten Party Assets Settlement Committee (CIPAS) 不當黨產處理委員會 |
5 F., No. 9 Lane 85, Songjiang Road, Zhongshan District, Taipei City 10486, Taiwan ROC [10486 台北市中山區松江路 85 巷 9 號 5 樓]
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🌏 CIPAS – Web link |
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After the Act Governing the Settlement
of Ill-gotten Properties by Political Parties and Their Affiliate Organizations (zhengdang ji qi fusui zuzhi budang qude caichan
chuli tiaoli 政黨及其附隨組織不當取得財產處理條例, abbrev. dangchan tiaoli 黨產條例) was passed by the
Legislative Yuan on July 25, 2016, the
CIPAS (budang dangchan chuli weiyuanhui 不當黨產處理委員會,
abbrev. dangchanhui 黨產會, 🏁: zhuren weiyuan 主任委員) was established on Aug. 31, 2016 as an
independent ROC government agency, consisting of 11 to 13 members appointed by the ROC premier.
The CIPAS is tasked with investigating, retroactively confiscating and returning or restoring to rightful owners all assets that
were improperly obtained by political parties and their affiliated organizations between Aug. 15, 1945—when Japan officially
announced its surrender to the Allies, bringing World War II to an end—and the lifting of martial law on July 15, 1987. All
parties established before the end of martial law are required to report their party assets to the CIPAS. On June 6, 2019
the CIPAS launched the Party Real Estate Database (zhengdang
budongchan chaxun xitong 政黨不動產查詢系統).
CIPAS chairpersons
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
8/2016—9/2017 | Wellington Koo 顧立雄 | b. 1958 | Taiwan |
9/2017— | Lin Feng-cheng 林峯正 | b. 1965 | Taiwan |
CIPAS members
In addition to the chairperson, members of the initial CIPAS included full members Shih Chin-fang 施錦芳 (concurrently vice
chairperson) and Lo Cheng-chung 羅承宗 as well as part-time members Chang Shih-hsing 張世興, Jao Yueh-chin 饒月琴, Lee Yen-jong
李晏榕, Li Fu-chung 李福鐘, Lin Che-wei 林哲瑋, Wu Yu-hsueh 吳雨學, Yang Wei-chung 楊偉中, and Yuan Hsiu-hui 袁秀慧. Following
Yang Wei-chung’s death, Shen Po-yang 沈伯洋 was named as replacement on Oct. 14, 2018, and Hsu Yu-wei 許有為 took over Lo
Cheng-chung’s position.
On Aug. 27, 2020 the Executive Yuan announced the following CIPAS member list for a 4-year tenure starting on Sept. 1, 2020:
vice chairperson Sun Pin 孫斌, full members Hsu Yu-wei (retained), Lin Tsong-shyan 林聰賢 (new), retained part-time members Chang
Shih-hsing, Jao Yueh-chin, Li Fu-chung, Wu Yu-hsueh, and new part-time members Cheng Ya-fang 鄭雅方, Lai Ying-chen 賴瑩真,
Lin Shih-mei 林詩梅.
Legal battle
After the CIPAS started operating, the main focus of its work has been the KMT and its
affiliate organizations, which in turn prompted the KMT to initiate counter-measures. On Sept. 21, 2016 the CIPAS froze a KMT
bank account over the issuance of 10 checks worth a collective NT$ 520 million, and on Nov. 1, 2016 the CIPAS announced that
it had identified the Central Investment Co. (zhongyang touzi gongsi 中央投資公司) and Hsinyutai Co. (xinyutai
gongsi 欣裕台公司) being KMT affiliates, prohibiting the two companies from disposing of their assets. On Nov. 18, 2016
the KMT, the Central Investment Co. and Hsinyutai Co. filed cases asking the Taipei High Administrative Court to revoke the
CIPAS's finding. In its ruling of June 11, 2018 the court questioned the constitutionality of the Act Governing the Handling
of Ill-gotten Properties by Political Parties and Their Affiliate Organizations, requesting a constitutional interpretation
from the Council of Grand Justices. The CIPAS appealed to Supreme Administrative Court
which on Aug. 2, 2018 ordered a constitutional interpretation to proceed. On Nov. 5, 2018 the Taipei High Administrative Court
reiterated that all legal proceedings were to be halted until the Council of Grand Justices announced its interpretation of the
law in question. On Aug. 28, 2020 the grand justices issued their Constitutional Interpretation No. 793 (shizi di qibai
jiushisan hao jieshi 釋字第 793 號解釋), declaring that the provisions of the Act Governing the Settlement of Ill-gotten
Properties by Political Parties and Their Affiliate Organizations were constitutional (hexian 合憲).
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✉ International Cooperation and Development Fund (ICDF) 國際合作發展基金會 |
12-15 F., No. 9 Lane 62, Tianmu West Road, Shilin District, Taipei City 11157, Taiwan ROC [11157 台北市士林區天母西路 62 巷 9 號 12-15 樓]
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🌏 ICDF – Web link |
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After formal diplomatic relations between the ROC and most states were cut since
the 1970s, the ROC's foreign policy has increasingly been focussing on fostering friendly ties with non-diplomatic allies.
The aspect of technical aid and humanitarian assistance for developing nations has hence gained significance.
The ROC had sent its first agricultural mission to Vietnam as early as 1959. Since October 1961 technical missions
were dispatched under the "Operation Vanguard" (xianfeng an zhixing xiaozu 先鋒案執行小組) to boost agricultural
production in many newly independent African nations. On April 11, 1962 the Operation Vanguard task force was expanded
to become the Sino-Africa Technical cooperation Committee (Zhong Fei jishu hezuo weiyuanhui 中非技術合作委員會,
abbrev. SATCC); ten years later SATCC was incorporated into the Committee of International Technical Cooperation (haiwai
jishu hezuo weiyuanhui 海外技術合作委員會, abbrev. haiwaihui 海外會 in Chinese and CITC in English). In October
1989, the ROC government established the International Economic Cooperation Development Fund (haiwai jingji hezuo fazhan
jijin guanli weiyuanhui 海外經濟合作發展基金管理委員會, abbrev. haihehui 海合會 in Chinese and IECDF in English)
which on July 1, 1996 was replaced by the International Cooperation and Development Fund (guoji hezuo fazhan jijinhui
國際合作發展基金會, abbrev. guohehui 國合會 in Chinese and ICDF or TaiwanICDF in English).
ICDF is formally an independent organization implementing government-funded
foreign aid programs. It is nominally headed by the sitting ROC FM with the official title
of chairman (dongshizhang 董事長), but the secretary-general (mishuzhang 秘書長) is in charge of ICDF's day-to-day
business.
TaiwanICDF secretary-generals
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
8/1996—8/2001 | Loh Ping-cheung 羅平章 | b. 1937 | Jiangsu |
8/2001—2004 | Yang Tzu-pao 楊子葆 | b. 1963 | Taiwan |
2004—12/2007 | Chen Cheng-chung 陳正忠 | 1955-2010 | N/A |
2008–2010 | Chen Lien-gen 陳連軍 | b. 1950 | Sichuan |
2/2010—6/2014 | Tao Wen-lung 陶文隆 | N/A | N/A |
6/2014— | Timothy T. Y. Hsiang 項恬毅 | b. 1958 | Taiwan |
TaiwanICDF is led by a Board of Directors (dongshihui 董事會) and has the following subdivisions:
▶ Consultative Committee (zixun weiyuanhui 諮詢委員會);
▶ General Affairs Department (mishuchu 秘書處),
▶ Humanitarian Assistance Department (rendao yuanzhuchu 人道援助處),
▶ International Education and Training Department (guoji jiaoyu xunlianchu 國際教育訓練處),
▶ Lending and Investment Department (tou rong zi chu 投融資處),
▶ Technical Cooperation Department (jishu hezuochu 技術合作處);
▶ Accounting Office (kuaijishi 會計室),
▶ Auditing Office (jiheshi 稽核室),
▶ Financial Affairs Office (caiwushi 財務室),
▶ Human Resource Office (renli ziyuanshi 人力資源室),
▶ Legal Affairs Office (fawushi 法務室),
▶ Public Relations Office (gongguanshi 公關室), and
▶ Research, Development and Evaluation Office (yanjiu fazhan kaoheshi 研究發展考核室).
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✉ Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee 中華奧林匹克運動會 |
No. 20 Zhulun Street, Zhongshan District, Taipei City 10489, Taiwan ROC [10489 台北市中山區朱崙街 20 號]
————————————
🌏 Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee – Web link |
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Before the establishment of the first Chinese Olympic Committee (Zhongguo aolinpike yundonghui
中國奧林匹克運動會, abbrev. Zhongguo aohui 中國奧會) in 1931, sports affairs and Olympic issues in
particular were handled by the China National Amateur Athletic Federation (Zhonghua yeyu yundong
lianhehui 中華業餘運動聯合會) which had been founded on April 3, 1922 and renamed to All-China Sports
Federation (Zhonghua quanguo tiyu xiejinhui 中華全國體育協進會) on Aug. 24, 1924. Sources available
online list Chang Po-ling 張伯苓 (1876-1951, Tianjin), Thomas Wang 王正廷 (1882-1961, Zhejiang), and Hoh
Gunsun 郝更生 (1899-1976, Jiangsu) as the three chief executives between 1924 and 1955. It continued to
exist as a separate entity after the establishment of the Taiwan's Olympic committee, using the moniker
"ROC Sports Federation" (Zhonghua minguo tiyu yundong zonghui 中華民國體育運動總會, abbrev. ROCSF)
since 1989.
CTOC presidents
Tenure (started) |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
1956— | Chow Chih-jou 周至柔 | 1899-1986 | Zhejiang |
1957— | Teng Chuan-kai 鄧傳楷 | 1912-1999 | Jiangsu |
2/1961—6/1973 | Yang Sen 楊森 | 1884-1977 | Sichuan |
7/1973—5/1974 | Henry Hsu 徐亨 | 1912-2009 | Guangdong |
5/1974—9/1982 † | Shen Chia-minh 沈家銘 | 1916-1982 | Zhejiang |
12/1982—9/1987 | Cheng Wei-yuan 鄭為元 | 1913-1993 | Anhui |
9/1987—1/1998 | Chang Feng-shu 張豐緒 | 1928-2014 | Taiwan |
1/1998—1/2006 | Huang Ta-chou 黃大洲 | b. 1936 | Taiwan |
1/2006—12/2013 | Thomas W. Tsai 蔡辰威 | b. 1952 | Taiwan |
12/2013— | Lin Hong-dow 林鴻道 | b. N/A | N/A |
The difficult relations between the ROC and the PRC are reflected in the participation in the Olympics,
and the cross-strait conflict has overshadowed the Olympic spirit of harmony and friendship for decades.
In 1952, the ROC Olympic team withdrew in protest from the Summer Games in Helsinki because athletes from
the PRC were allowed to compete; however, the PRC athletes were delayed and arrived only 10 days after the
games began. The PRC boycotted the 1956 Summer Games in Melbourne because the International Olympic Committee
(IOC) allowed the ROC to compete under the name "Formosa". From 1960 to 1972, the ROC participated at the
Olympics under three different official names. Both the ROC and the PRC boycotted the 1976 Summer Games in
Montreal over issues concerning the legitimacy of each other, and they were absent from the 1980 Summer Games
in Moscow as well—the PRC due to the Sino-Soviet conflict which arose at the end of the 1950s, and the ROC
because of the Cold War.
Following the ROC's loss of its seat in the United Nations (UN) in October 1971, the ROC's national
sports associations were reorganized by the ROC government in 1973. After the
Nagoya Resolution was adopted on Oct. 25, 1979, the IOC recognized
the PRC as China's sole legal representative on Nov. 26, 1979, and the IOC and ROC representative Shen
Chia-minh 沈家銘 on March 23, 1981 signed an agreement in Lausanne (Switzerland) concerning Taiwan's
participation in Olympic Games. Accordingly, Taiwan's Olympic committee has since been obliged to use
the name "Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee" (Zhonghua aolinpike weiyuanhui 中華奧林匹克委員會,
abbrev. Zhonghua aohui 中華奧會 in Chinese and CTOC in English; 🏁—zhuxi 主席).
Since 1984, the PRC has been participating at the Olympic Summer Games as "China" (Zhongguo 中國),
and the ROC/Taiwan has been doing so as "Chinese Taipei" (Zhonghua Taibei 中華台北).
Concerning the name issue, there is no end in sight for the ongoing controversy. On May 19, 2018
the CTOC reported that the IOC had ruled out the possibility of a name change from "Chinese Taipei" to
"Taiwan" for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. The disagreement reached a new level when the PRC authorities
in 2021 began using Zhongguo Taibei (中國台北)—literally "China Taipei"—as Chinese translation
for "Chinese Taipei" instead of Zhonghua Taibei (中華台北). Since there is no official Chinese-language
version of the Nagoya Resolution, technically both sides have the right to interpret the resolution as they
see fit, but the PRC move clearly shows no inclination for compromise but the determination to escalate
the conflict even further.
According to IOC regulations which were adopted under pressure from the Chinese Communists, Taiwanese
athletes are not allowed to compete under the name "ROC" or "Taiwan" anymore. Furthermore, the ROC
national flag has been banned at Olympic events and venues, the ROC team is instead being forced to
use a specially designed Chinese Taipei Olympic flag (shown on the right). Likewise, the ROC national
anthem cannot be played to honour Taiwanese athletes who won an Olympic medal for their country.
The table below shows the number of medals won by athletes competing for the ROC/Taiwan in Olympic
Summer Games. China's debut as participant in the Summer Olympics occurred in 1932 when the ROC sent one
athlete to Los Angeles: Liu Changchun 劉長春 (1909-1983) took part in the track & field 100 m
preliminary on July 31, 1932 but failed to get a place in the Final of Men's 100 m.
Year |
Games No. |
Host city |
Team's official name |
Gold |
Silver |
Bronze |
Total |
1932 |
X |
Los Angeles |
Republic of China |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1936 |
XI |
Berlin |
" |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1948 |
XIV |
London |
" |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1952 |
XV |
Helsinki |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
1956 |
XVI |
Melbourne |
Formosa–China |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1960 |
XVII |
Rome |
Formosa |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1964 |
XVIII |
Tokyo 東京 |
Taiwan |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1968 |
XIX |
Mexico City |
" |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1972 |
XX |
Munich |
Republic of China |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1976 |
XXI |
Montreal |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
1980 |
XXII |
Moscow |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
1984 |
XXIII |
Los Angeles |
"Chinese Taipei" |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1988 |
XXIV |
Seoul 首爾 |
" |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1992 |
XXV |
Barcelona |
" |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1996 |
XXVI |
Atlanta |
" |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
2000 |
XXVII |
Sydney |
" |
0 |
1 |
4 |
5 |
2004 |
XXVIII |
Athens |
" |
2 |
2 |
1 |
5 |
2008 |
XXIX |
Beijing 北京 |
" |
1 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
2012 |
XXX |
London |
" |
1 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
2016 |
XXXI |
Rio de Janeiro |
" |
1 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
2020 | XXXII | Tokyo |
" |
2 |
4 |
6 |
12 |
Sum of medals |
7 |
11 |
18 |
36 |
The 2020 Summer Olympics were originally scheduled to take place between July 24 and Aug. 9, 2020 but were
postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic to July 23—Aug. 8, 2021.
Athletes from the ROC/Taiwan participated in the Winter Olympics since the XI. Olympic Winter Games in
Sapporo 1972 but so far failed to win any medals.
Olympic medals timeline (summer games)
Year, date |
Name(s), year of birth and death |
Medal, sport, event |
——— Rome 1960 ——— |
1960, Sept. 6 |
Maysang Kalimud (1933-2007) |
🥈—Athletics, men's decathlon |
——— Mexico City 1968 ——— |
1968, Oct. 19 |
Chi Cheng 紀政 (b. 1944) |
🥉—Athletics, women's 80 m hurdles |
——— Los Angeles 1984 ——— |
1984, July 31 |
Tsai Wen-yee 蔡溫義 (b. 1956) |
🥉—Weightlifting, men's featherweight (56-60 kg) |
——— Barcelona 1992 ——— |
1992, Aug. 5 |
[Names see below] |
🥈—Baseball, men's competition |
——— Atlanta 1996 ——— |
1996, July 31 |
Chen Jing 陳靜 (b. 1968) |
🥈—Table tennis, women's singles |
——— Sydney 2000 ——— |
2000, Sept. 18 |
Li Feng-ying 黎鋒英 (b. 1975) |
🥈—Weightlifting, women's 53 kg |
~ Sept. 20 |
Kuo Yi-hang 郭羿含 (b. 1975) |
🥉—Weightlifting, women's 75 kg |
~ Sept. 24 |
Chen Jing 陳靜 (b. 1968) |
🥉—Table tennis, women's singles |
~ Sept. 27 |
Huang Chih-hsiung 黃志雄 (b. 1976) |
🥉—Taekwondo, men's 58 kg |
Chi Shu-ju 紀淑如 (b. 1982) |
🥉—Taekwondo, women's 49 kg |
——— Athens 2004 ——— |
2004, Aug. 20 |
Chen Li-ju 陳麗如 (b. 1981), Wu Hui-ju 吳蕙如 (b. 1982), Yuan Shu-chi 袁叔琪 (b. 1984) |
🥉—Archery, women's team |
~ Aug. 21 |
Chen Szu-yuan 陳詩園 (b. 1981), Liu Ming-huang 劉明煌 (b. 1984), Wang Cheng-pang 王正邦 (b. 1987) |
🥈—Archery, men's team |
~ Aug. 26 |
Selena Chen 陳詩欣 (b. 1978) |
🥇—Taekwondo, women's 49 kg |
Chu Mu-yen 朱木炎 (b. 1982) |
🥇—Taekwondo, men's –58 kg |
~ Aug. 27 |
Huang Chih-hsiung 黃志雄 (b. 1976) |
🥈—Taekwondo, men's 68 kg |
——— Beijing 2008 ——— |
2008, Aug. 9 |
Chen Wei-ling 陳葦綾 (b. 1982) |
🥇 ↑—Weightlifting, women's 48 kg |
~ Aug. 12 |
Lu Ying-chi 盧映錡 (b. 1985) |
🥈 ↑—Weightlifting, women's 63 kg |
~ Aug. 20 |
Chu Mu-yen 朱木炎 (b. 1982) |
🥉—Taekwondo, men's –58 kg |
~ Aug. 21 |
Sung Yu-chi 宋玉麒 (b. 1982) |
🥉—Taekwondo, men's 68 kg |
——— London 2012 ——— |
2012, July 29 |
Hsu Shu-ching 許淑淨 (b. 1991) |
🥇 ↑—Weightlifting, women's 53 kg |
~ Aug. 9 |
Tseng Li-cheng 曾櫟騁 (b. 1986) |
🥉—Taekwondo, women's 57 kg |
——— Rio de Janeiro 2016 ——— |
2016, Aug. 7 |
Hsu Shu-ching 許淑淨 (b. 1991) |
🥇—Weightlifting, women's 53 kg |
Le Chien-ying 雷千瑩 (b. 1990), Lin Shih-chia 林詩嘉 (b. 1993), Tan Ya-ting 譚雅婷 (b. 1993) |
🥉—Archery, women's team |
~ Aug. 8 |
Kuo Hsing-chun 郭婞淳 (b. 1993) |
🥉—Weightlifting, women's 58 kg |
——— Tokyo 2020 ——— |
2021, July 24 |
Yang Yung-wei 楊勇緯 (b. 1997) |
🥈—Judo, men’s extra lightweight (–60 kg) |
~ July 25 |
Lo Chia-ling 羅嘉翎 (b. 2001) |
🥉—Taekwondo, women's 57 kg |
~ July 26 |
Deng Yu-cheng 鄧宇成 (b. 1999), Tang Chih-chun 湯智鈞 (b. 2001), Wei Chun-heng 魏均珩 (b. 1994) |
🥈—Archery, men’s team |
Cheng I-ching 鄭怡靜 (b. 1992), Lin Yun-ju 林昀儒 (b. 2001, ♂) |
🥉—Table tennis, mixed doubles |
~ July 27 |
Kuo Hsing-chun 郭婞淳 (b. 1993) |
🥇—Weightlifting, women's 59 kg |
Chen Wen-huei 陳玟卉 (b. 1997) |
🥉—Weightlifting, women's 64 kg |
~ July 31 |
Lee Yang 李洋 (b. 1995), Wang Chi-lin 王齊麟 (b. 1995) |
🥇—Badminton, men's doubles |
~ Aug. 1 |
Pan Cheng-tsung 潘政琮 (b. 1991) |
🥉—Golf, men's individual |
Lee Chih-kai 李智凱 (b. 1996) |
🥈—Gymnastics, men's pommel horse |
Tai Tzu-ying 戴資穎 (b. 1994) |
🥈—Badminton, women's singles |
~ Aug. 4 |
Huang Hsiao-wen 黃筱雯 (b. 1997) |
🥉—Boxing, women's flyweight |
~ Aug. 5 |
Wen Tzu-yun 文姿云 (b. 1993) |
🥉—Karate, women's 55 kg |
Please note that in the table above, "🥇" stands for gold medal (jinpai 金牌), "🥈" for silver medal
(yinpai 銀牌) and "🥉" for bronze medal (tongpai 銅牌); an upward arrow [↑] behind the medal
indicates that the original medal was upgraded after the conclusion of the games (see details below).
Maysang Kalimud—also known under the Chinese name Yang Chuan-kwang 楊傳廣 and nicknamed "Iron Man of Asia"
(Yazhou tieren 亞洲鐵人)—was a member of Taiwan's indigenous Amis tribe, and Kuo Hsing-chun (an Amis as well)
is also known under her tribal name Tana.
The 1992 men's baseball team: Chang Cheng-hsien 張正憲 (b. 1967), Chang Wen-chung 張文宗 (b. 1968), Chang Yaw-teing
張耀騰 (b. 1965), Chen Chi-hsin 陳執信 (b. 1962), Chen Wei-chen 陳威成 (b. 1966), Chiang Tai-chuan 江泰權 (b. 1960), Huang
Chung-yi 黃忠義 (b. 1967), Huang Wen-po 黃文博 (b. 1971), Jong Yeu-jeng 鍾宇政 (b. 1973), Ku Kuo-chian 古國謙 (b. 1968),
Kuo Lee Chien-fu 郭李建夫 (b. 1969), Liao Ming-hsiung 廖敏雄 (b. 1968), Lin Chao-huang 林朝煌 (b. 1969), Lin Kun-han
林琨瀚 (b. 1968), Lo Chen-jung 羅振榮 (b. 1961), Lo Kuo-chong 羅國璋 (b. 1965), Pai Kun-hong 白昆弘 (b. 1970), Tsai
Ming-hung 蔡明宏 (b. 1966), Wang Kuang-shih 王光熙 (b. 1967), and Wu Shih-hsih 吳思賢 (b. 1963).
UPGRADED MEDALS FOR CHINESE TAIPEI
Beijing 2008
[1] Female weightlifter Chen Wei-ling who had originally won bronze on Aug. 9, 2008 was officially promoted first to silver
when previous silver medalist Sibel Ozkan (Turkey) was disqualified on July 21, 2016 after failing in a doping re-test, and
then to gold after the previous gold medalist Chen Xiexia 陳燮霞 (PRC) was disqualified on Jan. 12, 2017 by the IOC
Disciplinary Commission, according to the international Weightlifting Federation (IWF), as reported by CNA's
Focus Taiwan on March 5, 2017.
[2] Female weightlifter Lu Ying-chi who also had won bronze (on Aug. 12, 2008) had her medal upgraded to silver after the IOC
disqualified previous silver medalist Irina Nekrassova (Kazakhstan) from the games on Nov. 17, 2016 for failing a drugs test
in a re-analysis of her doping sample from 2008.
London 2012
Female weightlifter Hsu Shu-ching had originally won silver on July 29, 2012 but was officially promoted to gold on Nov. 19, 2016
after the previous gold medalist Zulfiya Chinshanlo aka Zhao Changling 趙常玲 (Kazakhstan) failed a doping test following the
games and was stripped of her medal by the IOC on Oct. 27, 2016.
Taiwan has been sending teams to the Summer Paralympics since 1992 but never so far to the Winter Paralympics.
Please note that the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics were originally scheduled to take place Aug. 21 to Sept. 6, 2020 but were
postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic to Aug. 24—Sept. 5, 2021.
— — — "Chinese Taipei" Paralympic flag — — —

The following table shows the paralympic medals won by athletes competing for Chinese Taipei since 1992.
Year |
Games No. |
Host city |
Number of athletes |
Gold |
Silver |
Bronze |
Total |
1992 |
IX |
Barcelona |
11 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1996 |
X |
Atlanta |
14 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
3 |
2000 |
XI |
Sydney |
25 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
7 |
2004 |
XII |
Athens |
18 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
6 |
2008 |
XIII |
Beijing 北京 |
17 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
2012 |
XIV |
London |
18 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
2016 |
XV |
Rio de Janeiro |
13 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2020 | XVI | Tokyo 東京 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
Sum of medals |
5 |
6 |
14 |
25 |
The largest multi-sport event in the world apart from the Olympics is the Universiade. Teams comprising
athletes from Taiwan/the ROC have been competing since 1987 (summer games) and 2005 (winter games) under the
official name "Chinese Taipei".
Because the International University Sports Federation (Fédération Internationale du Sport
Universitaire, abbrev. FISU) which organizes the Universiade is obliged to conform with IOC's Olympic
movement rules, the Taiwanese team is not allowed to use the ROC national flag as in the regular Olympics
but has been forced to use a flag of special design (shown on the right).
● Summer Universiades
Year |
Games No. |
Host city / region |
Gold |
Silver |
Bronze |
Total |
1987 |
XIV |
Zagreb |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1989 |
XV |
Duisburg |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1991 |
XVI |
Sheffield |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1993 |
XVII |
Buffalo |
0 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
1995 |
XVIII |
Fukuoka 福岡 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
1997 |
XIX |
Sicily |
2 |
1 |
1 |
4 |
1999 |
XX |
Palma de Mallorca |
2 |
2 |
0 |
4 |
2001 |
XXI |
Beijing 北京 |
0 |
3 |
5 |
8 |
2003 |
XXII |
Daegu 大邱 |
3 |
3 |
5 |
11 |
2005 |
XXIII |
Izmir |
6 |
2 |
4 |
12 |
2007 |
XXIV |
Bangkok |
7 |
9 |
13 |
29 |
2009 |
XXV |
Belgrade |
7 |
5 |
5 |
17 |
2011 |
XXVI |
Shenzhen 深圳 |
7 |
9 |
16 |
32 |
2013 |
XXVII |
Kazan |
4 |
4 |
7 |
15 |
2015 |
XXVIII |
Gwangju 光州 |
6 |
12 |
18 |
36 |
2017 |
XXIX |
Taipei 台北 |
26 |
34 |
30 |
90 |
2019 |
XXX |
Naples |
9 |
13 |
10 |
32 |
2021 |
XXXI |
Chengdu 成都 |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
Sum of medals |
81 |
98 |
119 |
298 |
The 2021 Summer Universiade was scheduled to take place July 8–19, 2021 but was postponed on April 2, 2021
for one year to due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In May 2021, FISU confirmed that the games had been rescheduled
for June 2022. On May 6, 2022, FISU announced that the 2021 Summer Universiade had been postponed again to
July 28—Aug. 8, 2023.
● Winter Universiades
Year |
Games No. |
Host city / cities |
Gold |
Silver |
Bronze |
Total |
2005 |
XXII |
Innsbruck |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2007 |
XXIII |
Turin |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2009 |
XXIV |
Harbin 哈爾濱 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2011 |
XXV |
Erzurum |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2013 |
XXVI |
Trentino |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
2015 |
XXVII |
Štrbské Pleso + Osrblie / Granada |
— |
— |
— |
— |
2017 |
XXVIII |
Almaty |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2019 |
XXIX |
Krasnoyarsk |
— |
— |
— |
— |
2021 |
XXX |
Lucerne |
(Games were cancelled due to COVID-19) |
Sum of medals |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
The only Winter Games medal either at the Olympics or the Universiades ever won by an athlete competing for the team Chinese Taipei
so far was a bronze in the Winter Universiade Trentino 2013 when Sung Ching-yang 宋青陽 (b. 1992) aka Drangadrang—a member of the Paiwan
indigenous people—finished third in the men’s speed skating 1,000 m event which took place on Dec. 17, 2013.
The 2021 Winter Universiade was scheduled to take place Dec. 11–21 that year but the games were postponed indefinitely on Aug. 31, 2020
due to COVID-19. On Nov. 29, 2021 it was announced that the 2021 Winter Universiade had been cancelled due to travel restrictions imposed
by the Swiss government to prevent the spread of Omicron variant.
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===== ===== ===== ===== =====
✉ Straits Exchange Foundation (SEF) 海峽交流基金會 |
No. 536 Beian Road, Zhongshan District, Taipei City 10465, Taiwan ROC [10465 台北市中山區北安路 536 號]
————————————
🌏 SEF – Web link |
|
The semi-official SEF (haixia jiaoliu jijinhui 海峽交流基金會, abbrev. haijihui 海基會,
🏁—dongshizhang 董事長) was established on Nov. 21, 1990. It is not an agency under the ROC
Executive Yuan but technically a private foundation, and it is authorized by
the ROC government to handle direct contact with agencies of the PRC on mainland China. Since the SEF's establishment,
in most cases its secretary-general (mishuzhang 秘書長) concurrently has also held the post of deputy chairman
(fu dongshizhang 副董事長).
Please note that the official ROC cabinet-level agency tasked with affairs concerning the PRC is the
Mainland Affairs Council (MAC), its PRC counterpart being the Taiwan
Affairs Office (TAO).
SEF chairpersons
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
11/1990—1/2005 † | Koo Chen-fu 辜振甫 | 1917-2005 | Taiwan |
1/2005—5/2007 | Chang Chun-hsiung 張俊雄 | b. 1938 | Taiwan |
5/2007—7/2007 @ | Michael Y. You 游盈隆 | b. 1956 | Taiwan |
7/2007—5/2008 | Hong Chi-chang 洪奇昌 | b. 1951 | Taiwan |
5/2008—9/2012 | Chiang Pin-kung 江丙坤 | 1932-2018 | Taiwan |
9/2012—5/2016 | Lin Join-sane 林中森 | b. 1944 | Taiwan |
5/2016—8/2016 @ | Chen Ter-shing 陳德新 | N/A | Fujian |
9/2016—3/2018 | Tien Hung-mao 田弘茂 | b. 1938 | Taiwan |
3/2018—5/2020 | Katherine Chang 張小月 | b. 1953 | Taiwan |
5/2020—8/2020 | David Lee Ta-wei 李大維 | b. 1949 | Taiwan |
8/2020—1/2023 @ | Rock Hsu 許勝雄 | b. 1943 | Taiwan |
1/2023— | David Lee Ta-wei (second time) |
SEF secretary-generals
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
1990–1992 | Chen Charng-ven 陳長文 | b. 1944 | Yunnan/Fujian |
1992—3/1993 | Chen Jung-chieh 陳榮傑 | b. 1943 | Taiwan |
3/1993—12/1993 | Cheyne J. Y. Chiu 邱進益 | b. 1936 | Jiangsu |
12/1993—1998 | Chiao Jen-ho 焦仁和 | b. 1948 | Zhejiang |
1998–2004 | Shi Hwei-yow 許惠祐 | b. 1952 | Taiwan |
2004–2005 | Liu Te-hsun 劉德勳 | b. 1952 | Taiwan |
2005—5/2008 | Michael Y. You 游盈隆 | b. 1956 | Taiwan |
5/2008—2/2014 | Kao Koong-lian 高孔廉 | b. 1944 | Fujian |
2/2014—8/2014 | Vincent Chang Hsien-yao 張顯耀 | b. 1963 | N/A |
8/2014—5/2016 | Shih Hui-fen 施惠芬 | N/A | N/A |
5/2016—9/2016 @ | Chen Rong-yuan 陳榮元 | N/A | N/A |
9/2016—12/2016 | Chang Tien-chin 張天欽 | N/A | N/A |
1/2017—6/2018 | Ko Cheng-heng 柯承亨 | b. 1962 | N/A |
6/2018—6/2020 | Yao Jen-to 姚人多 | b. 1969 | Taiwan/Zhejiang |
6/2020—8/2020 @ | Tsai Meng-chun 蔡孟君 | N/A | N/A |
8/2020— | Jan Jyh-horng 詹志宏 | b. 1956 | Taiwan |
The subdivisions of SEF include the following units:
▶ Board of Directors (dongshihui 董事會);
▶ Department of Cultural Affairs (wenjiaochu 文教處),
▶ Department of Economic Affairs (jingmaochu 經貿處),
▶ Department of Legal Affairs (falüchu 法律處),
▶ Department of Planning and Public Affairs (zonghechu 綜合處),
▶ Secretariat (mishuchu 秘書處);
▶ Accounting Office (kuaijishi 會計室), and
▶ Personnel Office (renshishi 人事室).
More relevant contents pertaining to that subject can be found on the following pages of this website.
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✉ Association for Relations across the Taiwan Strait (ARATS) 海峽兩岸關係協會 |
No. 6-1 Guang'anmen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China (PRC) [100053 北京市西城区广安门南街 6-1 号]
————————————
🌏 ARATS – Web link |
 |
The PRC counterpart of SEF is the Association for Relations across the Taiwan Strait (haixia liang'an guanxi xiehui
海峽兩岸關係協會, abbrev. haixiehui 海協會 in Chinese and ARATS in English; 🏁—huizhang 會長) which was
set up on Dec. 16, 1991 in Beijing. Please note that ARATS and the Taiwan Affairs Office (TAO)
are located at the same address in Beijing.
The ARATS leadership since its establishment has been as follows.
★ ARATS chairpersons
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
12/1991—12/2005 † |
Wang Daohan 汪道涵 |
1915-2005 |
Anhui |
6/2008—4/2013 |
Chen Yunlin 陳雲林 |
b. 1941 |
Liaoning |
4/2013—4/2018 |
Chen Deming 陳德銘 |
b. 1949 |
Shanghai |
4/2018— |
Zhang Zhijun 張志軍 |
b. 1953 |
Jiangsu |
★ ARATS secretary-generals
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native
Province |
12/1991—4/1994 |
Zou Zhekai 鄒哲開 |
1946-2011 |
Fujian |
1995–2000 |
Zhang Jincheng 張金成 |
b. 1939 |
Hebei |
7/2000—4/2013 |
Li Yafei 李亞飛 |
b. 1955 |
Hebei |
4/2013—7/2016 |
Yang Liuchang 楊流昌 |
b. 1962 |
Fujian |
7/2016— |
Ma Guoliang 馬國樑 |
b. N/A |
N/A |
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The opening of direct Cross-Strait talks
Between 1992 and 1999 non-committal meetings between SEF and ARATS representatives were arranged occasionally. At
the time, those activities were meaningful as a gesture of rapprochement and received extensive media coverage, but
they yielded little real progress, if any. In particular, talks held in 1992 between SEF and ARATS delegates in Hong Kong
were a complete failure and ended fruitless. The so-called "1992 Consensus"
(jiuer gongshi 九二共識) which suggested that the two sides agreed on the concept of "one China, with each side
having its own Interpretation" (yige Zhongguo, ge zi biaoshu 一個中國,各自表述, abbrev. yi Zhong gebiao
一中各表) was a fiction as no such understanding was reached then. (On Feb. 21, 2006 KMT
politician and former MAC head Su Chi 蘇起 admitted that the term "1992 Consensus"
was invented by him
in 2000.) On the other hand, one noteworthy exception was the 1993 SEF–ARATS summit between Koo Chen-fu and Wang Daohan
in Singapore. On the last day of that meeting the following four agreements were signed:
- Agreement on Document Authentication between the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area (liang'an gongzhengshu chazheng xieyi 兩岸公證書查證協議),
- Agreement on the Tracing of and Compensation for Lost Registered Mail between the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area (liang'an guahao hanjian chaxun buchang shiyi xieyi 兩岸掛號函件查詢補償事宜協議),
- Agreement on the Establishment of Systematic Liaison and Communication Channels between the SEF and the ARATS (lianghui lianxi yu huitan zhidu xieyi 兩會聯繫與會談制度協議), and
- Koo–Wang Talks Joint Accord (Gu Wang huitan gongtong xieyi 辜汪會談共同協議).
The PRC temporarily suspended bilateral talks as a punitive measure after ROC President Lee Teng-hui's
private trip to the US in June 1995 and around the first direct ROC presidential election
in March 1996, and again after Lee Teng-hui's remarks describing the relationship
between the ROC and the PRC as "special state-to-state relations" in July 1999. The following list shows the SEF–ARATS
meetings which took place between 1992 and 1999.
Year |
Date(s) |
Venue |
SEF representative |
ARATS representative |
1992 |
March 22–27 |
Beijing |
Shi Hwei-yow 許惠祐 |
Li Yafei 李亞飛 |
Oct. 28–30 |
Hong Kong |
" |
Zhou Ning 周寧 |
1993 |
March 25–28 |
Beijing |
" |
Li Yafei |
April 4–11 |
" |
Cheyne Chiu 邱進益 |
Tang Shubei 唐樹備 |
April 23–26 |
Singapore |
" |
" |
April 27–29 |
" |
Koo Chen-fu 辜振甫 |
Wang Daohan 汪道涵 |
Aug. 28—Sept. 3 |
Beijing |
Shi Hwei-yow |
Sun Yafu 孫亞夫 |
Nov. 2–7 |
Xiamen |
" |
" |
Dec. 18–22 |
Taipei |
" |
" |
1994 |
Jan. 31—Feb. 5 |
Beijing |
Chiao Jen-ho 焦仁和 |
Tang Shubei |
March 24–31 |
" |
Shi Hwei-yow |
Sun Yafu |
July 30—Aug. 3 |
Taipei |
" |
" |
Aug. 4–7 |
" |
Chiao Jen-ho |
Tang Shubei |
Nov. 21–28 |
Nanjing |
Shi Hwei-yow |
Sun Yafu |
1995 |
Jan. 21–28 |
Taipei |
Chiao Jen-ho |
Tang Shubei |
Jan. 23–25 |
Beijing |
Shi Hwei-yow |
Sun Yafu |
May 27–29 |
Taipei |
Chiao Jen-ho |
Tang Shubei |
1997 |
May 2 |
Hong Kong |
Chang Liang-jen 張良任 |
Zhao Shiguang 趙世光 |
May 24 |
Taipei |
" |
" |
1998 |
April 22–24 |
Beijing |
Jan Jyh-horng 詹志宏 |
Li Yafei |
July 26 |
Taipei |
" |
" |
Sept. 22–24 |
Beijing |
Shi Hwei-yow |
Zhang Jincheng 張金成 |
Oct. 14–18 |
Shanghai |
Koo Chen-fu |
Wang Daohan |
1999 |
March 17–19 |
Taipei |
Jan Jyh-horng |
Li Yafei |
June 27–29 |
Beijing |
" |
" |
Icy silence
During the 2000–2008 presidency of Chen Shui-bian no meetings between SEF and ARATS
were held because the PRC refused any contacts as long as Taiwan was run by the pro-independence DPP.
Nevertheless three important events marked clear progress in cross-strait relations during those eight years (see timeline below).
2001 |
Jan. 1: The Three Mini Links (xiao santong 小三通) aka Three Small Links—direct trade, postal, and
transportation links from Kinmen and Matsu in the ROC to Xiamen 廈門 and Fuzhou 福州 in the PRC's Fujian province—are opened |
2003 |
Jan. 26: A CAL passenger plane lands at Shanghai's Pudong Airport
(Pudong jichang 浦東機場) at the end of a historic indirect charter flight across the Taiwan Strait (including a stopover
in Hong Kong) |
2005 |
Jan. 15: Representatives from the ROC's CAA and the PRC's
Civil Aeronautics Administration (minhang zongju 民航總局) reach an agreement in Macau 澳門 about 48 direct non-stop
charter flights between the two sides during the Lunar New Year season (Jan. 29 to Feb. 20), including the airports of Taoyuan, Kaohsiung and Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou with
the flights passing through Hong Kong's airspace without stopover requirement |
Dialogue resumed
After the KMT returned to power in 2008, cross-strait relations improved significantly.
During the 2008–2016 presidency of Ma Ying-jeou eleven rounds of negotiations between SEF and
ARATS took place, and a total of 23 agreements were inked. The talks at the first eight rounds were conducted by SEF's Chiang
Pin-kung and ARATS Chairman Chen Yunlin and were therefore dubbed "Chiang-Chen Talks" (Jiang Chen huitan 江陳會談). At
the following three rounds SEF's Lin Join-sane and ARATS's Chen Deming were presiding. As a result, cross-strait interaction
intensified, direct flights between many cities on both sides of the Taiwan Strait have become common (the historic first
direct charter flights took place on July 4, 2008), and tourists from the PRC are now allowed to visit Taiwan in groups or
as individuals, just to name a few changes.
Meetings between SEF and ARATS 2008–2015
Round |
Year |
Location |
Result |
First |
① |
2008 (June 11–14) |
Beijing 北京 |
2
agreements signed |
Second |
② |
2008 (Nov. 3–7) |
Taipei 台北 |
4
agreements signed |
Third |
③ |
2009 (April 25–26) |
Nanjing 南京 |
3
agreements signed |
Fourth |
④ |
2009 (Dec. 22–24) |
Taichung 台中 |
3
agreements signed |
Fifth |
⑤ |
2010 (June 28–30) |
Chongqing 重慶 |
2 agreements
signed |
Sixth |
⑥ |
2010 (Dec. 20–22) |
Taipei |
1
agreement signed |
Seventh |
⑦ |
2011 (Oct. 19–21) |
Tianjin 天津 |
1
agreement signed |
Eighth |
⑧ |
2012 (Aug. 8–9) |
Taipei |
2
agreements signed |
Ninth |
⑨ |
2013 (June 20–22) |
Shanghai 上海 |
1
agreement signed |
Tenth |
⑩ |
2014 (Feb. 26–28) |
Taipei |
2
agreements signed |
Eleventh |
⑪ |
2015 (Aug. 24–26) |
Fuzhou 福州 |
2
agreements signed |
Agreements signed by SEF and ARATS 2008–2015
① SEF-ARATS Minutes of Talks on Cross-Strait Charter Flights (haixia liang'an baoji huitan jiyao 海峽兩岸包機會談紀要)
① Cross-Strait Agreement Signed Between SEF and ARATS Concerning Mainland Tourists Traveling to Taiwan (haixia liang'an guanyu dalu jumin fu Taiwan lüyou xieyi 海峽兩岸關於大陸居民赴台灣旅遊協議)
② Cross-Strait Air Transport Agreement (haixia liang'an kongyun xieyi 海峽兩岸空運協議)
② Cross-Strait Sea Transport Agreement (haixia liang'an haiyun xieyi 海峽兩岸海運協議)
② Cross-Strait Postal Service Agreement (haixia liang'an youzheng xieyi 海峽兩岸郵政協議)
② Cross-Strait Food Safety Agreement (haixia liang'an shipin anquan xieyi 海峽兩岸食品安全協議)
③ Cross-Strait Air Transport Supplementary Agreement (haixia liang'an kongyun buchong xieyi 海峽兩岸空運補充協議)
③ Cross-Strait Financial Cooperation Agreement (haixia liang'an jinrong hezuo xieyi 海峽兩岸金融合作協議)
③ Cross-Strait Joint Crime-Fighting and Judicial Mutual Assistance Agreement (haixia liang'an gongtong daji fanzui ji sifa hudong xieyi 海峽兩岸共同打擊犯罪及司法互助協議)
④ Cross-Strait Agreement on Cooperation of Agricultural Product Quarantine and Inspection (haixia liang'an nongchanpin jianyi jianyan hezuo xieyi 海峽兩岸農產品檢疫檢驗合作協議)
④ Cross-Strait Agreement on Cooperation in Respect of Standards, Metrology, Inspection and Accreditation (haixia liang'an biaozhun jiliang jianyan renzheng hezuo xieyi 海峽兩岸標準計量檢驗認證合作協議)
④ Cross-Strait Agreement on Cooperation in Respect of Fishing Crew Affairs (haixia liang'an yuchuan chuanyuan laowu hezuo xieyi 海峽兩岸漁船船員勞務合作協議)
⑤ Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (haixia liang'an jingji hezuo jiagou xieyi 海峽兩岸經濟合作架構協議, abbrev. ECFA)
⑤ Cross-Strait Agreement on Intellectual Property Rights Protection and cooperation (haixia liang'an zhihui caichanquan baohu hezuo xieyi 海峽兩岸智慧財產權保護合作協議)
⑥ Cross-Strait Cooperation Agreement on Medicine and Public Health Affairs (haixia liang'an yiyao weisheng hezuo xieyi 海峽兩岸醫藥衛生合作協議)
⑦ Agreement on Cross-Strait Nuclear Power Safety Cooperation (haixia liang'an hedian anquan hezuo xieyi 海峽兩岸核電安全合作協議)
⑧ Cross-Strait Bilateral Investment Protection and Promotion Agreement (haixia liang'an touzi baozhang han cujin xieyi 海峽兩岸投資保障和促進協議)
⑧ Cross-Strait Customs Cooperation Agreement (haixia liang'an haiguan hezuo xieyi 海峽兩岸海關合作協議)
⑨ Cross-Strait Trade in Services Agreement (haixia liang'an fuwu maoyi xieyi 海峽兩岸服務貿易協議, abbrev. fumao xieyi 服貿協議 or fumao 服貿 in Chinese and TiSA in English)
⑩ Cross-Strait Seismic Monitoring Cooperation Agreement (haixia liang'an dizhen jiance hezuo xieyi 海峽兩岸地震監測合作協議)
⑩ Cross-Strait Meteorological Cooperation Agreement (haixia liang'an qixiang hezuo xieyi 海峽兩岸氣象合作協議)
⑪ Cross-Strait Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (haixia liang'an bimian shuangchong keshui ji jiaqiang shuiwu hezuo xieyi 海峽兩岸避免雙重課稅及加強稅務合作協議)
⑪ Cross-Strait Flight Safety Agreement (haixia liang'an minhang feihang anquan yu shihang hezuo xieyi 海峽兩岸民航飛航安全與適航合作協議)
Please note that a Cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Committee (liang'an jingji hezuo weiyuanhui
兩岸經濟合作委員會, abbrev. jinghehui 經合會 in Chinese and CSECC or ECC in English) was established
on Jan. 6, 2011 as a negotiation platform under ECFA.
Icy silence recurred
When ROC President Tsai Ing-wen took office on May 20, 2016, the PRC
subsequently suspended regular communication between ARATS and SEF as well as between its Taiwan
Affairs Office (guowuyuan Taiwan shiwu bangongshi 國務院台灣事務辦公室, abbrev. guo Tai ban 國台辦 in
Chinese and TAO in English) and the ROC counterpart MAC. A telephone hotline which
had been set up on Dec. 30, 2015 between the MAC and TAO is also not used anymore. On June 25, 2016 TAO Spokesman
An Fengshan 安鋒山 put the blame on the DPP-led ROC government for refusing to
recognize the "1992 Consensus". When SEF chairman Tien Hung-mao on Jan. 18, 2017
invited ARATS boss Chen Deming to meet him on Kinmen, ARATS reiterated that cross-strait talks and the mechanism for
contact would not be resumed until the SEF, with government authorization, confirmed the "1992 Consensus", otherwise
more talks were 'meaningless' in resolving the deadlock. Meanwhile, the ROC government has repeatedly called on
Beijing to engage in dialogue and enter into negotiations with Taipei.
Since the beginning of ROC President Tsai Ing-wen’s second term in May 2020 the PRC frequently sent military aircraft
into Taiwan’s Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ, in Chinese: fangkong shibiequ 防空識別區), and
these intrusions have been intensifying since the second half of 2021. While these incidents are being monitored in Taiwan
and abroad with growing concern, it should be noted that Taiwan’s ADIZ goes beyond its national airspace (in Chinese:
lingkong 領空) and partly overlaps with the ADIZs of neighbouring countries. The map on the right shows the
Air Defense Identification Zones in East Asia as of October 2021, source: Deutsche Welle
(DW).
In her Double Tenth National Day speech on Oct. 10, 2021 ROC President Tsai Ing-wen outlined four commitments
(sige jianchi 四個堅持) regarding Cross-Strait relations: "Let us here renew with one another our enduring
commitment to a free and democratic constitutional system, our commitment that the Republic of China and the People's
Republic of China should not be subordinate to each other, our commitment to resist annexation or encroachment upon
our sovereignty, and our commitment that the future of the Republic of China (Taiwan) must be decided in accordance
with the will of the Taiwanese people."
(所以,我們必須彼此約定,永遠要堅持自由民主的憲政體制,堅持中華民國與中華人民共和國互不隸屬,堅持主權不容侵犯併吞,
堅持中華民國台灣的前途,必須要遵循全體台灣人民的意志。)
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SEF and ARATS are not the only entities involved in exchanges between Taiwan and China. Another organization
worth mentioning in this context is the Association of Taiwan Investment Enterprises on the Mainland (quanguo
Taiwan tongbao touzi qiye lianyihui 全國台灣同胞投資企業聯誼會, abbrev. Tai qilian 台企聯 in Chinese
and ATIEM in English, 🏁—huizhang 會長), established on April 16,
2007 and based in Beijing. ATIEM loosely coordinates the numerous Taiwanese business associations in the PRC and
represents the interests of Taiwanese businesspeople operating in the PRC. Furthermore, it reports to the ROC
government about the overall situation of Taiwanese businesspeople on the other side of the Taiwan Strait, and
it communicates regularly and closely with SEF. Leading ATIEM officials have immediate access to the
MAC and other ministries of the ROC central government.
● ATIEM chairmen
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
4/2007—4/2010 |
Chang Han-wen 張漢文 |
N/A |
Jiangsu |
4/2010—4/2016 |
Kuo Shan-huei 郭山輝 |
b. 1955 |
N/A |
4/2016—5/2019 |
Wang Ping-sheng 王屏生 |
N/A |
Taiwan/Anhui |
5/2019— |
Lee Cheng-hung 李政宏 |
b. 1967 |
Taiwan |
Besides ARATS there are several organizations in the PRC with a focus on Taiwan affairs, more or less controlled by the CCP, including
the following (all based in Beijing):
★ Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League
(Taiwan minzhu zizhi tongmeng 台灣民主自治同盟, abbrev. Taimeng 台盟), established on Nov. 12, 1947 in Hong Kong;
★ All China Taiwanese Association (Zhonghua
quanguo Taiwan tongbao lianyihui 中華全國台灣同胞聯誼會, abbrev. quanguo Tailian 全國台聯, established on Dec. 27, 1981;
★ National Society of Taiwan Studies (quanguo
Taiwan yanjiuhui 全國台灣研究會, abbrev. NSTS), established on Aug. 16, 1988 as Society of Taiwan Studies (Taiwan yanjiuhui
台灣研究會);
★ China Council
for the Promotion of Peaceful National Reunification (Zhongguo heping tongyi cujinhui 中國和平統一促進會, abbrev. tongcuhui
統促會 or hetonghui 和統會) aka National Association for China’s Peaceful Unification (NACPU), established on Sept. 22, 1988; and
★ Subcommittee for Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Compatriots and Overseas Chinese of the Chinese People's
Political Consultative Conference [CPPCC] National Committee (Zhongguo renmin zhengzhi xieshang huiyi quanguo weiyuanhui Gang Ao Tai qiao
weiyuanhui 中國人民政治協商會議全國委員會港澳臺僑委員會), set up on March 16, 1998.
Furthermore, delegates of Taiwan origin living in the PRC have been elected since 1975 to 'represent' Taiwan in
the sessions of the National People's Congress (NPC), being referred to in Chinese as quanguo renmin daibiao dahui
Taiwan sheng daibiaotuan 全國人民代表大會台灣省代表團. Since they were not democratically elected by Taiwan's
eligible voters, those delegates have no legitimate mandate to speak for the Taiwanese.
The NACPU has been linked to David Wenwei Chou 周文偉 (b. 1953), a Taiwan-born second-generation mainlander and
naturalized US citizen with dual nationality who on May 15, 2022 attacked worshippers in the Geneva Presbyterian Church
(rineiwa changlaohui jiaotang 日內瓦長老會教堂) in Laguna Woods (Orange County, CA) with two legally purchased
handguns. The shooting in the Taiwanese congregation left one dead and 5 wounded, and it was subsequently categorized
as hate crime. In the aftermath it was reported that in 2019 Chou had attended the inaugural meeting of the Las Vegas
National Association for China’s Peaceful Unification ([Meiguo] Zhongguo heping tongyi cujinhui [美國]
中國和平統一促進會), a local branch of the NACPU, and apparently had harboured anti-Taiwan views for many years.
One noteworthy cross-Strait event is the annual Straits Forum (haixia luntan 海峽論壇), an array of non-governmental
activities organized between China and Taiwan. Almost all venues are located in Fujian Province of the PRC. Taiwan delegates are
mostly selected from the blue camp, especially the ranks of KMT politicians.
No. |
Year, dates |
Venue / location(s) |
1st |
2009, May 15–22 |
Xiamen 廈門, Fuzhou 福州, Quanzhou 泉州, Putian 莆田 |
2nd |
2010, June 19–25 |
Xiamen |
3rd |
2011, June 11–17 |
" |
4th |
2012, June 16–22 |
" |
5th |
2013, June 16–21 |
" |
6th |
2014, June 14–20 |
" |
7th |
2015, June 14–20 |
" |
8th |
2016, June 11–17 |
" |
9th |
2017, June 17–23 |
Xiamen; Fuzhou, Quanzhou, Putian, Zhangzhou 漳州, Longyan 龍岩; Kinmen (ROC) |
10th |
2018, June 5–11 |
Xiamen |
11th |
2019, June 15–21 |
" |
12th |
2020, Sept. 19 |
" |
13th |
2021, Dec. 10–11 |
" |
14th |
2022, July 12–14 |
" |
An additional regular bilateral event is the Cross-Strait CEO Summit (liang'an qiyejia fenghui 兩岸企業家峰會,
abbrev. CSCS) which was organized in Beijing on July 11, 2013 with Zeng Peiyan 曾培炎 (b. 1938, Zhejiang) as chairman
(lishizhang 理事長) for the mainland side, and on July 25, 2013 in Taipei with Vincent Siew 蕭萬長 (b. 1939, Taiwan)
as chairman for the Taiwan side. Zeng was replaced with Guo Jinlong 郭金龍 (b. 1947, Jiangsu) in July 2018. CSCS was intended
to function as a new mechanism to facilitate industrial exchanges in the era of enhanced cooperation after the signing of
ECFA in 2010.
Summit No. |
Dates |
Venue |
First |
2013, Nov. 4–5 |
Nanjing 南京 |
Second |
2014, Dec. 15–16 |
Taipei 台北 |
Third |
2015, Nov. 3–4 |
Nanjing |
Fourth |
2016, Nov. 6–7 |
Kinmen 金門, Xiamen 廈門 |
Fifth |
2017, Nov. 6–7 |
Nanjing |
Sixth |
2018, Dec. 4–5 |
Xiamen |
Seventh |
2019, Nov. 4–5 |
Nanjing |
Eighth |
2020, Dec. 9 |
Taipei, Xiamen |
Ninth |
2021, Dec. 7 |
Taipei, Nanjing |
Tenth |
2022, Dec. 20 |
Xiamen |
Another noteworthy organization is shown directly below.
✉ Straits Economic & Cultural Interchange Association 海峽兩岸經貿文化交流協會 |
8-2 F., No. 300 Neihu Road Sec. 1, Neihu District, Taipei City 11493, Taiwan ROC [11493 台北市內湖區內湖路 1 段 300 號 8 樓之 2]
————————————
🌏 Straits Economic & Cultural Interchange Association – Web link |
 |
The Straits Economic & Cultural Interchange Association (haixia liang’an jingmao wenhua jiaoliu xiehui 海峽兩岸經貿文化交流協會, abbrev. haimaohui 海貿會, 🏁—huizhang 會長) was established on March 6, 2007 and promotes economic ties across the Taiwan Strait.
Heads of the Straits Economic & Cultural Interchange Association
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
3/2007—12/2018 † | Chiang Pin-kung 江丙坤 | 1932-2018 | Taiwan |
12/2018— | Kao Koong-lian 高孔廉 | b. 1944 | Fujian |
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State-owned enterprises (guoying shiye 國營事業, abbrev. SOE) have played an important role in the economy
of the ROC for decades. They were especially instrumental in the period of rapid economic development when Taiwan evolved
from being a rural, backward country to a modern industrial society since the 1960s. SOEs were active in various
areas—agriculture, food processing, transportation, infrastructure, public utilities, heavy industry, banking,
insurance and more, assisting industrial development and securing economic stability. Furthermore, the government
would sometimes be involved in enterprises that required unusually large capital investments. Other government
businesses were founded to employ veterans who would otherwise have been destitute. The "China Yearbook 1976"
(p. iii, pp. 206-213) listed thirteen government enterprises (see directly below).
SOE list 1
① |
Taiwan Sugar Corporation (Taiwan tangye gufen youxian gongsi 台灣糖業股份有限公司, abbrev. Taitang 台糖 in Chinese and Taisugar or TSC in English) |
② |
Taiwan Power Company (Taiwan dianli gufen youxian gongsi 台灣電力股份有限公司, abbrev. Taidian 台電 in Chinese and TPC or Taipower in English) |
③ |
Chinese Petroleum Corporation (Zhongguo shiyou gufen youxian gongsi 中國石油股份有限公司, abbrev. Zhongyou 中油 in Chinese and CPC in English)—now called CPC Corporation, Taiwan |
④ |
Taiwan Shipbuilding Corporation (Taiwan guoji zaochuan gufen youxian gongsi 台灣國際造船股份有限公司, abbrev. TSBC)—now belongs to CSBC |
⑤ |
Taiwan Alkali Company (Taiyan shiye gufen youxian gongsi 臺鹽實業股份有限公司, abbrev. TAC)—today's Taiyen Biotech Co. Ltd. |
⑥ |
Taiwan Fertilizer Company (Taiwan feiliao gufen youxian gongsi 台灣肥料股份有限公司, abbrev. TFC) |
⑦ |
Taiwan Aluminum Corporation (Taiwan lüye gongsi 臺灣鋁業公司, abbrev. TALCO) |
⑧ |
Taiwan Metal Mining Corporation (Taiwan jinshu kuangye gongsi 台灣金屬礦業公司, abbrev. TMMIC) |
⑨ |
Taiwan Machinery Manufacturing Corporation (Taiwan jiqi zhizao gongsi 台灣機器製造公司, abbrev. TMMC) |
⑩ |
BES Engineering Corporation (Zhonghua gongcheng gufen youxian gongsi 中華工程股份有限公司, abbrev. BES) |
⑪ |
Chung Tai Chemical Industries Corporation (Zhong Tai huagong gufen youxian gongsi 中臺化工股份有限公司, abbrev. CTCIC) |
⑫ |
Chinese Petrochemical Development Corporation (Zhongguo shiyou huaxue gongye kaifa gufen youxian gongsi 中國石油化學工業開發股份有限公司, abbrev. CPDC) |
⑬ |
China Phosphate Industries Corporation (Zhongguo linye gufen youxian gongsi 中國磷業股份有限公司, abbrev. CPIC) |
After Taiwan's economy took off, the original reasons for the existence of SOEs lost much of their force due to
the growth of the private sector. Facing increasing international competition, the island needed to keep its competitive
edge sharp, and the government recognized that privatization (minyinghua 民營化) of inefficient and overstaffed SOEs
had become essential to further development. Government agencies that ran businesses included MOEA,
MOF, MOTC, VAC
and TPG (Taiwan Provincial Government). An ad hoc committee set up by the Cabinet
defined the goals of privatization in 1989, and several SOEs subsequently underwent a process of privatization from the 1990s
on. Another motive for the ROC government to launch the privatization drive was to improve Taiwan's chances for being admitted
to the World Trade Organization (WTO); Taiwan eventually became a WTO member on Jan. 1, 2002.
As more SOEs were privatized, the significance of the remaining SOEs for Taiwan's overall economy has decreased quite
substantially. Detailed explanations describing the privatization complex can be found in several related articles published
in the October 1998 edition of the English-language magazine Free China Review (called "Taiwan Review" since the March 2003
edition). The following list (source: CEPD) shows a selection of former SOEs which
were privatized.
SOE list 2
Company name |
Privatization date |
Chung Kuo Insurance Co. (Zhongguo chanxian gongsi 中國產險公司) |
1994, May 5 |
CPDC—⑫ in SOE list 1 |
1994, June 20 |
BES—⑩ in SOE list 1 |
1994, June 22 |
China Steel Corporation (Zhongguo gangtie gongsi 中國鋼鐵公司) |
1995, April 12 |
Yangming Marine Transport Corporation (yangming haiyun gongsi 陽明海運公司) |
1996, Feb. 15 |
Liquefied Petroleum Gas Supply Administration (yihua shiyouqi gongyingchu 液化石油氣供應處) |
1996, March 16 |
Chunghwa Telecom Co. (Zhonghua dianxin gufen youxian gongsi 中華電信股份有限公司) |
1996, July 1 |
Veterans Gas Manufactory (rongmin qitichang 榮民氣體廠) |
1998, Jan. 1 |
Chang Hwa Commercial Bank (Zhanghua yinhang 彰化銀行) |
" |
First Commercial Bank (diyi yinhang 第一銀行) |
1998, Jan. 22 |
Hua Nan Commercial Bank (huanan yinhang 華南銀行) |
" |
Taiwan Business Bank (Taiwan zhongxiao qiyin 台灣中小企銀) |
" |
Taiwan Fire and Marine Insurance Co. (Taiwan chanwu baoxian 台灣產物保險) |
" |
Taiwan Navigation Co. (Taiwan hangji 台灣航業) |
1998, June 20 |
Taiwan Life Insurance Co. (Taiwan renshou 台灣人壽) |
1998, June 30 |
Kang-Shan Ropery Factory (gangshan gongchang 岡山工廠) |
1998, Aug. 1 |
Veterans Nan-Tsu Abrasive Factory (nanzi gongchang 楠梓工廠) |
1998, Sept. 30 |
Taiwan Development and Trust Corporation (Tai kai xintuo 台開信託) |
1999, Jan. 8 |
Veterans Printing Works (rongmin yinshuachang 榮民印刷廠) |
1999, March 31 |
Taipei Paper Manufactory (Taibei zhichang 台北紙廠) |
1999, Aug. 31 |
TFC—⑥ in SOE list 1 |
1999, Sept. 1 |
The Farmers Bank of China (Zhongguo nongmin yinhang 中國農民銀行) |
1999, Sept. 3 |
Chiao Tung Bank (jiaotong yinhang 交通銀行) |
1999, Sept. 13 |
Bank of Kaohsiung (Gaoxiong yinhang 高雄銀行) |
1999, Sept. 27 |
Taiwan Film Culture Co. (Taiwan dianying wenhua shiye gongsi 台灣電影文化事業公司) |
1999, Oct. 31 |
Taipei Bank (Taibei yinhang 台北銀行) |
1999, Nov. 30 |
Taichung Lumber Processing Factory (Taizhong mucaichang 台中木材廠) |
2000, July 31 |
Taipei Iron Works (Taibei tiegong chang 台北鐵工廠) |
2000, Oct. 31 |
Taipei City Government Printing House (Taibei shizhengfu yinshuasuo 台北市政府印刷所) |
2000, Dec. 31 |
Hsin Sheng Press Co. (Taiwan xinsheng baoye gongsi 臺灣新生報業公司) |
" |
Taiwan Motor Transport Co. (Tai qi keyun gongsi 台汽客運公司) |
2001, July 1 |
Taiwan Chung Hsing Paper Corporation (zhongxing zhiye gongsi 中興紙業公司) |
2001, Oct. 16 |
TMMC—⑨ in SOE list 1 |
2001, Nov. 19 |
Taoyuan Furniture Factory (Taoyuan gongchang 桃園工廠) |
2001, Dec. 31 |
Taiwan Tobacco and Wine Monopoly
Bureau (Taiwansheng yanjiu gongmaiju 台灣省菸酒公賣局) |
2002, July 1 |
Central Reinsurance Corporation (zhongyang
zaibaoxian gongsi 中央再保險公司) |
2002, July 11 |
Kaohsiung Ammonium Sulphate Co. (Gao liu gongsi 高硫公司) |
2002, Dec. 31 |
Agricultural and Industrial Enterprise Co. (nonggong gongsi 農工公司) |
2003, Jan. 1 |
Taiwan Railway Freight Co. (Tai tie huoban gongsi 台鐵貨搬公司) |
" |
Taiyen Biotech Co., Ltd.—⑤ in SOE list 1 |
2003, Nov. 14 |
Tang Eng Iron Works Co., Ltd. (tangrong tie gongchang gufen youxian gongsi 唐榮鐵工廠股份有限公司, abbrev. TEIWC) |
2006, July 5 |
CSBC Corporation Taiwan (Taiwan guoji zaochuan gongsi 台灣國際造船公司)—④ in SOE list 1 |
2008, Dec. 18 |
Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation (hanxiang hangkong gongye gufen youxian gongsi 漢翔航空工業股份有限公司, abbrev. AIDC) |
2014, Aug. 21 |
Details about five privatized former state-owned enterprises—CSBC, CSC, Taiyen Biotech, Chunghwa Telecom,
and First Bank—can be found on the following page of this website.
Remarks about other former state-owned enterprises in SOE list 1:
- TALCO (⑦) was taken over by CSC in February 1985 and reorganized as a new subordinate company—C. S. Aluminium Corporation (Zhong gang lüye gufen youxian gongsi 中鋼鋁業股份有限公司, abbrev. CSAC)—in March 1996.
- TMMiC (⑧) was merged into Taisugar in March 1991.
- CTCIC (⑪) merged into CPDC in May 1982.
- CPIC (⑬) merged into CPDC in January 1981.
According to information shown on the website of the MOEA State-owned Enterprise Commission (jingjibu guoying shiye
weiyuanhui 經濟部國營事業委員會, abbrev. SEC) which was established in November 1932,
the following four corporations are currently SOEs of the ROC:
Taipower, CPC and Taisugar are slated to be privatized in the future.
Please note that above list of SOEs provided by the SEC does not include Chunghwa Post Co. Ltd.—the
Directorate-General of Posts (jiaotongbu youzheng zongju 交通部郵政總局) under MOTC was restructured from a government
department to a government-owned corporation and renamed effective Jan. 1, 2003. Also not included by SEC are Taiwan’s national
carrier China Airlines (CAL), the state-owned Bank of Taiwan
(BOT) as well as Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corporation (TTL), Taiwan
International Ports Corporation Ltd. (TIPC), Taoyuan International Airport Corporation (TIAC),
Taiwan High Speed Rail Corporation (THSRC) and others.
In Taiwanese SOEs and private companies, the term "chairperson" (dongshizhang 董事長) can be abbreviated in Chinese with
dongzuo 董座, the term "president" (zong jingli 總經理) with zongzuo 總座.
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✉ Taiwan Sugar Corporation (Taisugar/TSC) 台灣糖業公司 |
No. 68 Shengchan Road, East District, Tainan City 70176, Taiwan ROC [70176 台南市東區生產路 68 號]
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🌏 Taisugar – Web link |
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Taisugar (Taiwan tangye gongsi 台灣糖業公司,
abbrev. Taitang台糖, 🏁—dongshizhang 董事長) was created on May 1, 1946 by the merger of four
companies which had been established during the Japanese colonial period (1895-1945)—Dai Nippon Sugar Manufacturing
Company (da Riben zhitang zhushi huishe 大日本製糖株式會社), Taiwan Sugar Company (Taiwan zhitang zhushi
huishe 台灣製糖株式會社), Ensuiko Sugar Company (Yanshuigang zhitang zhushi huishe 鹽水港製糖株式會社),
and Meiji Sugar Company (mingzhi zhitang zhushi huishe 明治製糖株式會社).
After the importance of sugar cane cultivation and processing for Taiwan's economy started waning in the 1960s,
the state-run enterprise has been diversifying significantly into various sectors. These include biotechnology,
agriculture, animal industry, marketing, petroleum, leisure businesses as well as property management, farm management
and land development. Taisugar still produces sugar, processed sugar products and by-products of sugar processing.
Another senior position in Taisugar is president (zong jingli 總經理).
Taisugar chairpersons
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
5/1946—5/1950 | Wu Chao-hung 吳兆洪 | N/A | N/A |
6/1950—12/1950 | Yang Gi-tzeng 楊繼曾 | 1898-1992 | Zhejiang |
1/1951—1/1967 | Lee Chung-shih 李崇實 | b. 1896, d. N/A | Shaanxi |
2/1967—6/1972 | Tang Yuan-chi 湯元吉 | 1904-1994 | Jiangsu |
7/1972—12/1980 | Chang Yen-tien 張研田 | 1910-1986 | Hebei |
12/1980—12/1981 | Chang Hsien-tsiu 張憲秋 | 1915-2005 | Jiangsu |
12/1981—11/1989 | Wong Yi-ting 汪彝定 | b. 1920 | Beijing |
12/1989—10/1992 | Koh Chin-chao 葛錦昭 | b. 1925 | Jiangsu |
11/1992—9/1995 | Wei Hao-jan 魏浩然 | N/A | N/A |
9/1995—8/1997 | Chang Yu-huei 張有惠 | b. 1941 | Taiwan |
9/1997—3/2002 | Chien Ping-tsai 錢秉才 | b. 1940 | Shanghai |
4/2002—12/2003 | Wu Nai-jen 吳乃仁 | b. 1947 | Taiwan |
12/2003—6/2004 | Kong Jaw-sheng 龔照勝 | 1955-2016 | Taiwan |
7/2004—2/2005 | Lin Neng-pai 林能白 | b. 1953 | Taiwan |
2/2005—10/2007 | Yu Cheng-hsien 余政憲 | b. 1959 | Taiwan |
10/2007—5/2008 | Arthur Iap 葉國興 | b. 1952 | Taiwan |
9/2008—12/2008 | Wu Rong-ming 吳容明 | b. 1943 | Taiwan |
12/2008—5/2013 | Hu Mao-lin 胡懋麟 | b. 1946 | N/A |
5/2013—9/2016 | Chen Chao-yih 陳昭義 | b. 1954 | N/A |
9/2016—6/2019 | Charles Huang 黃育徵 | N/A | N/A |
6/2019— | Chen Chao-yih (second time) |
Taisugar presidents
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
1946–1950 | Shen Chen-nan 沈鎮南 | 1902-1951 ☹ | Shanghai |
6/1950—4/1958 @ | Yang Gi-tzeng 楊繼曾 | 1898-1992 | Zhejiang |
4/1958—2/1965 | Powers A. Lay 雷寶華 | 1893-1981 | Sichuan/Shaanxi |
2/1965—1/1972 | M. H. Yuan 袁夢鴻 | b. 1904, d. N/A | Guangdong |
1/1972—5/1976 † | Yu Ying-piao 郁英彪 | 1926-1976 | N/A |
6/1976—1/1984 | Tan Hsiang-sun 但香蓀 | b. 1918, d. N/A | Hubei |
1/1984—5/1987 | Yuan Shu-sheng 袁樹聲 | N/A | N/A |
5/1987—10/1992 | Wei Hao-jan 魏浩然 | N/A | N/A |
10/1992—9/1995 | Chang Yu-huei 張有惠 | b. 1941 | Taiwan |
9/1995—9/1997 | Chien Ping-tsai 錢秉才 | b. 1940 | Shanghai |
9/1997—3/2002 | Cheng Hung-tsai 鄭鴻財 | N/A | N/A |
3/2002—1/2003 | Ray Dawn 董瑞斌 | N/A | Taiwan |
1/2003—2/2004 | Yeh Hung-chan 葉鴻展 | N/A | N/A |
2/2004—6/2004 | Kong Jaw-sheng 龔照勝 | 1955-2016 | Taiwan |
6/2004—5/2006 | Wei Wei 魏巍 | N/A | N/A |
5/2006—9/2008 | Lin Chung-hung 林重宏 | N/A | N/A |
9/2008—3/2009 @ | Chen Ching-bin 陳清彬 | N/A | N/A |
3/2009—5/2013 | Wei Wei (second time) |
5/2013—6/2016 | Yang Chin-jung 楊錦榮 | N/A | N/A |
7/2016— | Kuan Tao-yi 管道一 | b. N/A | N/A |
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✉ Taiwan Power Company (Taipower) 台灣電力公司 |
No. 242 Roosevelt Road Sec. 3, Zhongzheng District, Taipei City 10016, Taiwan ROC [10016 台北市中正區羅斯福路 3 段 242 號]
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🌏 Taipower – Web link |
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Taipower (Taiwan dianli gongsi 台灣電力公司, abbrev.
Taidian 台電) was established on May 1, 1946 when at the end of the Japanese colonial period the operations of
Taiwan Power Corporation (Taiwan dianli zhushi huishe 台灣電力株式會社, est. July 31, 1919) were taken over by
the ROC. The two lead positions in Taipower are chairman (dongshizhang 董事長) and president (zong jingli
總經理).
Taipower chairpersons
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
5/1946—10/1947 | Chen Tsung-hsi 陳宗熙 | 1905-2003 | Zhejiang |
10/1947—9/1948 | Wang Wen-ho 翁文灝 | 1889-1971 | Zhejiang |
9/1948—10/1949 | Sun Yue-chi 孫越崎 | 1893-1995 | Zhejiang |
10/1949—5/1950 | Chu Chien 朱謙 | 1903-1981 | Zhejiang |
5/1950—1/1955 | Chu Yi-cheng 朱一成 | 1900-1957 | Jiangxi |
2/1955—5/1976 | Yang Chia-yu 楊家瑜 | 1903-1984 | Jiangxi |
5/1976—9/1985 | L. K. Chen 陳蘭皋 | b. 1914, d. N/A | Guangdong |
9/1985—9/1988 | Fu Tze-han 傅次韓 | 1917-2002 | Hunan |
9/1988—7/1989 | Wang Chou-ming 王昭明 | 1920-2015 | Fujian |
8/1989—7/1997 | Chang Chung-chien 張鍾潛 | b. 1923 | Shanghai |
7/1997—2/2002 | Hsi Shih-chi 席時濟 | b. 1936 | Jiangsu |
3/2002—5/2002 | Lin Wen-yuan 林文淵 | b. 1952 | Taiwan |
5/2002—7/2004 | Lin Neng-pai 林能白 | b. 1953 | Taiwan |
7/2004—5/2005 | Lin Ching-chi 林清吉 | N/A | N/A |
7/2005—1/2006 | Huang Ing-san 黃營杉 | b. 1941 | Taiwan |
4/2006—5/2012 | Edward K. M. Chen 陳貴明 | b. 1948 | Taiwan |
5/2012 @ | Lee Han-shen 李漢申 | N/A | N/A |
5/2012—7/2016 | Hwang Jung-chiou 黃重球 | b. 1952 | N/A |
8/2016—10/2017 | Chu Wen-chen 朱文成 | b. 1952 | N/A |
10/2017—3/2022 | Yang Wei-fu 楊偉甫 | b. 1952 | N/A |
3/2022— | Tseng Wen-sheng 曾文生 | b. 1969 | Taiwan |
Taipower presidents
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
1/1947—5/1950 | Liu Chin-yu 劉晉鈺 | 1898-1950 ☹ | Fujian |
5/1950—4/1962 | Huang Hui 黃煇 | b. 1903, d. N/A | Fujian |
4/1962—8/1964 | Sun Yun-suan 孫運璿 | 1913-2006 | Shandong |
8/1964—5/1976 | L. K. Chen 陳蘭皋 | b. 1914, d. N/A | Guangdong |
5/1976—9/1985 | David S. L. Chu 朱書麟 | b. 1918 | Zhejiang |
9/1985—7/1989 | Chen Chen-hua 陳振華 | N/A | N/A |
7/1989—8/1994 | Chang Si-min 張斯敏 | N/A | N/A |
8/1994—7/1997 | Hsi Shih-chi 席時濟 | b. 1936 | Jiangsu |
7/1997—3/2001 | Kuo Chun-hui 郭俊惠 | N/A | N/A |
3/2001—7/2004 | Lin Ching-chi 林清吉 | N/A | N/A |
8/2004—4/2006 | Edward K. M. Chen 陳貴明 | b. 1948 | Taiwan |
4/2006—4/2010 | Tu Cheng-yi 涂正義 | N/A | N/A |
5/2010—5/2013 | Lee Han-shen 李漢申 | N/A | N/A |
5/2013—8/2016 | Chu Wen-chen 朱文成 | b. 1952 | N/A |
9/2016—3/2022 | Chung Ping-li 鍾炳利 | N/A | N/A |
3/2022— | Wang Yao-ting 王耀庭 | b. N/A | N/A |
Energy mix
According to its website, Taipower's electricity-generating plants comprise thermal (71.4 %), nuclear
(12.2 %), hydro (6.2 %), and renewable energy facilities (10.2 %); the figures in brackets refer to the
percentage of installed capacity as of 2016. The thermal category includes power plants which burn fossil
fuels like natural gas or coal.
The world's biggest coal-fired power plant is Taipower's Taichung Power Plant (Taizhong fadianchang
台中發電廠) in Longjing District of Taichung. It consists of ten units with
nominal capacities of 550 MW each, the first units were completed in 1992. With annual carbon dioxide emissions
of ca. 40 million tons, Taichung Power Plant is the heaviest single polluter on this planet. After the plant had
already been fined twice in December 2019 for continuing to use more coal than legally permitted and failing to
cease the use of raw coal for power generation, the Taichung City Government on Dec. 25, 2019 revoked permits for
the Taichung Power Plant's older No. 2 and No. 3 generators effective Jan. 1, 2020 for violating the
Air Pollution Control
Act (kongqi wuran fangzhifa 空氣污染防制法) and Taichung's newest coal control regulations that stipulate
coal use at that plant is limited to 11.04 million metric tons between January 2019 and 2020. However, the
Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) announced on Feb. 25, 2020
that it was overturning the city's decision, saying that it was based on a misstatement of the facts and a lack
of just cause.
On Nov. 12, 2019 Taiwan's first offshore wind farm "Formosa 1" (haiyang zhunan fengli fadianchang
海洋竹南風力發電場) was inaugurated off the shores of Miaoli county, comprising
22 turbines with a total installed capacity of 128 MW.
Taipower operates three nuclear power plants and a nuclear waste storage facility in the Taiwan area. A fourth
nuclear power plant was mothballed before construction work was complete.
☢
First Nuclear Power Plant (heyichang 核一廠) {1} aka Chin Shan Nuclear Power Plant
(jinshan hedianchang 金山核電廠). Start of commercial operation: Dec. 10, 1978 (unit 1) and July 15, 1979 (unit 2).
Scheduled decommission: 2018 and 2019, respectively; operation licenses of the reactors expired on Dec. 5, 2018 (unit 1)
and July 15, 2019 (unit 2).
☢ Second Nuclear Power Plant (heerchang 核二廠)
{2} aka Kuosheng Nuclear Power Plant (guosheng hedianchang 國聖核電廠). Start of
commercial operation: Dec. 28, 1981 (unit 1) and March 15, 1983 (unit 2). Scheduled decommission: 2021 and 2023, respectively.
☢
Third Nuclear Power Plant (hesanchang 核三廠) {3} aka Maanshan Nuclear Power Plant
(maanshan hedianchang 馬鞍山核電廠). Start of commercial operation: July 27, 1984 (unit 1) and May 18, 1985 (unit 2).
Scheduled decommission: 2024 and 2025, respectively.
☢
Fourth Nuclear Power Plant (hesichang 核四廠) {4} aka Lungmen Nuclear Power Plant
(longmen hedianchang 龍門核電廠). The plant has been under construction since March 17, 1999; unit 1 was originally
due for completion in 2009 and unit 2 in 2010, but the start of commercial operation has been delayed several times and is
currently subject to intense public debate. On July 1, 2015 a process to mothball the nearly completed facility was set in
motion, although it could still be activated at any time in the future.
☢
Nuclear Waste Disposal Facility (hefeiliao zhucunchang 核廢料貯存場) {5} aka Lanyu
Storage Site (Lanyu zhucunchang 蘭嶼貯存場) at Hongtou 紅頭 on Orchid Island. Initial plans for the facility were
approved by the Executive Yuan on Dec. 29, 1975, the first shipment of low and mid-level nuclear waste from Taiwan arrived
on May 19, 1982.
— — — Map of Taiwan's nuclear facilities (overview) — — —

● Exact location of Taiwan's nuclear facilities (with coordinates)
Facility |
Location |
Latitude |
Longitude |
{1} |
Shimen District 石門區 (New Taipei City) |
25° 17′ 10″ N |
121° 35′ 14″ E |
{2} |
Wanli District 萬里區 (New Taipei City) |
25° 12′ 10″ N |
121° 39′ 46″ E |
{3} |
Hengchun Town 恆春鎮 (Pingtung County) |
21° 57′ 29″ N |
120° 45′ 06″ E |
{4} |
Gongliao District 貢寮區 (New Taipei City) |
25° 02′ 18″ N |
121° 55′ 29″ E |
{5} |
Lanyu Township 蘭嶼鄉 (Taitung County) |
22° 00′ 15″ N |
121° 35′ 29″ E |

Note: The linear distances between the nuclear power plants in New Taipei City and Taipei City Hall
台北市政府 are as follows—First Nuclear Power Plant: 28.35 km; Second Nuclear Power Plant: 20.90 km; and Fourth Nuclear
Power Plant: 36.28 km. (Sources: Google Maps, Google Earth)
● Technology in Taiwan's nuclear power plants
Plant |
Technology |
Units |
Unit capacity |
Total capacity |
{1} |
Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) |
2 |
636 MW |
1272 MW |
{2} |
BWR |
2 |
985 MW |
1970 MW |
{3} |
Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) |
2 |
951 MW |
1902 MW |
{4} |
Advanced Boiling Water Reactor (ABWR) |
2 |
1350 MW |
2700 MW |
Phasing out nuclear energy?
Amendments to the Electricity
Act (dianyefa 電業法) which were approved by the ROC Legislative Yuan on Jan.
11, 2017 and promulgated on Jan. 26 that year stipulated that 'nuclear-energy-based power-generating facilities shall
wholly stop running by 2025' (Article 95-1). Following the result of the nationwide referendum 16 on the issue, the
ROC government on Nov. 27, 2018 announced it would re-evaluate the country's energy policies. Taipower in turn announced
on Dec. 3, 2018 it would hold off returning unused fuel rods from the mothballed Lungmen Nuclear Power Plant to the US
until a decision on whether to alter the nation's energy transition map has been reached. The Legislative Yuan scrapped
the 2025 moratorium in the Electricity Act on May 7, 2019.
While the first reactor of the Chin Shan Nuclear Power plant was scheduled to be decommissioned on Dec. 5, 2018, the
process is expected to be delayed significantly because the New Taipei City government has not yet issued an operating
permit for an outdoor storage yard at the plant site for the dry storage of spent nuclear fuel, meaning that the 816
fuel rods still in the power plant's first reactor will have to stay where they are, and the plant's safety equipment
will have to be kept running. An alternative indoor storage facility planned by Taipower would take at least ten years
to build. On May 15, 2019 the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) approved
a 25-year decommissioning plan for the first reactor.
On Nov. 22, 2019 the MOEA announced that the Tao community on Lanyu would receive
NT$ 2.55 billion in compensation after a government investigation found that they were unaware of plans to create the
Nuclear Waste Disposal Facility there.
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✉ CPC Corporation, Taiwan (CPC) 台灣中油股份有限公司 |
No. 3 Songren Road, Xinyi District, Taipei City 11010, Taiwan ROC [11010 台北市信義區松仁路 3 號]
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🌏 CPC – Web link |
 |
CPC (Taiwan zhongyou gufen youxian gongsi 台灣中油股份有限公司, 🏁—dongshizhang 董事長) was established
on June 1, 1946 in Shanghai by the ROC government and is a state-owned petroleum, natural gas, and gasoline company. Before Feb. 9, 2007
its name was Chinese Petroleum Corporation (Zhongguo shiyou 中國石油). Another senior position in CPC is president (zong jingli
總經理).
CPC chairpersons
Tenure (started) |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
6/1946 | Wang Wen-ho 翁文灝 | 1889-1971 | Zhejiang |
1/1950 | Yen Chia-kan 嚴家淦 | 1905-1993 | Jiangsu |
3/1951 | Ling Hung-hsun 凌鴻勛 | 1894-1981 | Guangdong |
1971 | Liu Keh-shu 柳克述 | 1904-1987 | Hunan |
6/1976 | Hu Hsin-nan 胡新南 | 1914-2011 | Jiangsu |
1982 | Lee Ta-hai 李達海 | 1919-1995 | Liaoning |
4/1985—5/1993 | Chen Yao-sheng 陳耀生 | b. 1923 | Zhejiang |
6/1993—12/1996 | Chang Tzu-yuan 張子源 | 1942-2010 | N/A |
12/1996—10/1997 | Lee Shu-chiu 李樹久 | N/A | N/A |
10/1997—6/2002 | Regis C. W. Chen 陳朝威 | 1947-2009 | Fujian |
6/2002—1/2006 | Kuo Chin-tsai 郭進財 | N/A | N/A |
1/2006—4/2006 | Chen Pao-lang 陳寶郎 | b. 1943 | Taiwan |
4/2006—3/2009 | Wenent P. Pan 潘文炎 | b. 1945 | Jiangsu |
3/2009—9/2009 | Shih Yen-shiang 施顏祥 | b. 1950 | Taiwan |
10/2009—7/2012 | Chu Shao-hua 朱少華 | b. 1947 | Jiangsu |
7/2012—5/2016 | Lin Sheng-chung 林聖忠 | b. 1952 | Taiwan |
5/2016—9/2016 @ | Paul Chen 陳綠蔚 | b. 1956 | N/A |
9/2016—8/2017 | Chen Chin-te 陳金德 | b. 1961 | Taiwan |
9/2017—11/2017 @ | Yang Wei-fu 楊偉甫 | b. 1952 | N/A |
11/2017—3/2019 | Tai Chein 戴謙 | b. 1949 | Taiwan |
3/2019—2/2021 | Jerry J. R. Ou 歐嘉瑞 | b. 1956 | Taiwan |
2/2021— @ | Lee Shun-chin 李順欽 | b. 1953 | Taiwan |
CPC presidents
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
1950–1961 | King Kai-ying 金開英 | 1902-1999 | Zhejiang |
1961–1976 | Hu Hsin-nan 胡新南 | 1914-2011 | Jiangsu |
1976–1982 | Lee Ta-hai 李達海 | 1919-1995 | Liaoning |
1982–1985 | Chen Yao-sheng 陳耀生 | b. 1923 | Zhejiang |
1985—11/1987 | Chou Chi-chin 周啟錦 | N/A | N/A |
11/1987—7/1992 | Kuan Yung-shih 關永實 | b. 1933 | Hebei |
7/1992—11/1996 | K. Y. Chen 陳國勇 | N/A | N/A |
11/1996—7/2004 | Wenent P. Pan 潘文炎 | b. 1945 | Jiangsu |
7/2004—9/2008 | Chen Pao-lang 陳寶郎 | b. 1943 | Taiwan |
9/2008—8/2010 | Chu Shao-hua 朱少華 | b. 1947 | Jiangsu |
8/2010—11/2012 | Lin Maw-wen 林茂文 | N/A | N/A |
11/2012—9/2013 | Arthur Kung 孔祥雲 | N/A | N/A |
9/2013—1/2017 | Paul Chen 陳綠蔚 | b. 1956 | N/A |
1/2017—1/2018 | Liu Cheng-hsie 劉晟熙 | N/A | N/A |
2/2018— | Lee Shun-chin 李順欽 | b. 1953 | Taiwan |
Please note that Hu Hsin-nan was also known as Jerome Hu Sinnan.
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✉ Taiwan Water Corporation (TWC) 台灣自來水公司 |
No. 2-1 Shuangshi Road Sec. 2, North District, Taichung City 40455, Taiwan ROC [40455 台中市北區雙十路 2 段 2-1 號]
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🌏 TWC – Web link |
 |
TWC (Taiwan zilaishui gongsi 台灣自來水公司, abbrev. Taishui 台水, 🏁—dongshizhang 董事長) was formally
established on Jan. 1, 1974 as a state-owned water utility providing water supply to Taiwan and the offshore islands of the ROC. Another
senior position in TWC is president (zong jingli 總經理).
TWC chairpersons
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
1/1974—7/1976 | Lin Yang-kang 林洋港 | 1927-2013 | Taiwan |
7/1976—5/1979 | Lin Ching-hui 林清輝 | N/A | N/A |
5/1979—9/1981 | Jackson C. T. Yang 楊金欉 | 1923-1990 | Taiwan |
9/1981—1/1982 | Cheng Shui-chih 鄭水枝 | b. 1926 | Taiwan |
1/1982—4/1995 | Lin Heng-shen 林恆生 | b. 1925 | N/A |
4/1995—7/1996 | Hsu Hung-chih 徐鴻志 | b. 1937 | N/A |
7/1996—4/1998 @ | Lin Maw-wen 林茂文 | N/A | N/A |
4/1998—11/2000 | Lin Hsueh-cheng 林學正 | N/A | N/A |
11/2000—9/2004 | Chen Chih-yi 陳志奕 | N/A | N/A |
9/2004—5/2005 | Lee Wen-liang 李文良 | N/A | N/A |
9/2005—9/2007 | Hsu Shiang-kueen 徐享崑 | b. 1954 | N/A |
9/2007—12/2007 @ | Chen Fu-tien 陳福田 | N/A | N/A |
12/2007—8/2009 | Liao Tzung-sheng 廖宗盛 | N/A | N/A |
8/2009—3/2010 @ | Chen Fu-tien (second time acting) |
3/2010—4/2011 | Huang Min-kon 黃敏恭 | b. 1947 | N/A |
4/2011—7/2016 | Juan Kang-meng 阮剛猛 | b. 1951 | N/A |
7/2016—1/2019 | Kuo Chun-ming 郭俊銘 | b. 1955 | Taiwan |
1/2019—3/2019 | >>> [vacant] <<< |
3/2019— | Wei Ming-ku 魏明谷 | b. 1963 | Taiwan |
TWC presidents
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
1/1974—7/1976 | Chen Lien-chuan 陳廉泉 | N/A | N/A |
7/1976—11/1989 | Chen Chin-chung 陳金鐘 | N/A | N/A |
11/1989—10/1992 | Lee Chin-ti 李錦地 | N/A | N/A |
10/1992—9/1998 | Lin Maw-wen 林茂文 | N/A | N/A |
9/1998—11/2000 | Lu Ching-hsiung 盧清雄 | N/A | N/A |
11/2000—7/2004 | Chen Jung-tsang 陳榮藏 | N/A | N/A |
7/2004—9/2004 | Chang Feng 張豐 | N/A | N/A |
9/2004—5/2005 | Hsieh Chi-nan 謝啟男 | N/A | N/A |
5/2005—6/2007 | Huang Ching-ssu 黃慶四 | N/A | N/A |
6/2007—6/2013 | Chen Fu-tien 陳福田 | N/A | N/A |
6/2013— | Hu Nan-tzer 胡南澤 | b. 1955 | N/A |
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✉ Chunghwa Post 中華郵政 |
No. 55 Jinshan South Road Sec. 2, Daan District, Taipei City 10603, Taiwan ROC
[10603 台北市大安區金山南路 2 段 55 號(金山大樓)] / No. 216 Aiguo East Road, Daan District, Taipei City 10603, Taiwan ROC
[10603 台北市大安區愛國東路 216 號(愛國大樓)]
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🌏 Chunghwa Post – Web link |
 |
Before its reorganization as government-owned corporation on Jan. 1, 2003, Chunghwa Post (Zhonghua youzheng
中華郵政, 🏁—dongshizhang 董事長) was operated under the name Directorate-General of Post,
MOTC (jiaotongbu youzheng zongju 交通部郵政總局, 🏁—juzhang
局長). It was renamed "Taiwan Post" (Taiwan youzheng 台灣郵政) on Feb. 9, 2007. The original name was restored
on Aug. 4, 2008. Another senior position in Chunghwa Post is president (zong jingli 總經理).
Chunghwa Post chairpersons
Tenure (started) |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
1932— | Huang Nai-shu 黃乃樞 | N/A | N/A |
1933—5/1934 | Tang Pao-shu 唐寶書 | N/A | N/A |
5/1934—12/1942 | Kuo Hsin-sung 郭心崧 | 1897-1979 | Zhejiang |
12/1942— | Hsu Chi-chuang 徐繼莊 | N/A | N/A |
1947–1949 @ | Huo Hsi-hsiang 霍錫祥 | N/A | N/A |
1/1950—9/1955 @ | Huang Chia-teh 黃家德 | b. 1895, d. N/A | Hubei |
9/1955—8/1969 | Ho Tsung-yen 何縱炎 | b. 1901, d. N/A | Guizhou |
8/1969—3/1977 | Wang Shu-peng 王叔朋 | b. 1909, d. N/A | Jiangsu |
3/1977—3/1979 | Shih Yu-chiang 施有強 | N/A | N/A |
3/1979—4/1983 | Chien Er-kang 簡爾康 | b. 1917 | Taiwan |
4/1983—11/1985 | John S. T. Wang 王述調 | b. 1920 | Jiangxi |
11/1985—8/1989 | Wang Chen-yun 汪承運 | b. 1924 | Zhejiang |
8/1989—6/1992 | Hsia Ho-sheng 夏荷生 | b. 1927 | Jiangsu |
6/1992—6/1996 | Hsu Chieh-kwei 許介圭 | b. 1932 | Taiwan |
7/1996—5/2000 | Chen Chiung-ling 陳瓊玲 | b. 1934 | Taiwan |
5/2000—8/2000 @ | Huang Shui-cheng 黃水成 | N/A | N/A |
8/2000—12/2002 | Cheng Wen-jan 鄭文政 | b. 1937 | Taiwan |
1/2003—4/2003 | Chang Chia-juch 張家祝 | b. 1950 | Liaoning |
4/2003—3/2006 | Samuel J. S. Hsu 許仁壽 | b. 1954 | Taiwan |
3/2006—5/2006 @ | Chen Chi-hsiung 陳吉雄 | b. 1944 | Taiwan |
5/2006—3/2007 | Lai Chin-chyi 賴清祺 | b. 1948 | Taiwan |
3/2007—6/2008 | Ho Nuan-hsuen 何煖軒 | b. 1953 | Taiwan |
6/2008—5/2009 | Wu Min-yu 吳民佑 | N/A | N/A |
5/2009—6/2009 @ | Hu Sheue-yun 胡雪雲 | N/A | N/A |
6/2009—2/2013 | Oliver F. L. Yu 游芳來 | b. 1946 | Taiwan |
2/2013—8/2013 | Lee Jih-chu 李紀珠 | b. 1960 | Taiwan |
8/2013—11/2013 @ | Jonathan Chen 陳純敬 | N/A | N/A |
11/2013—6/2017 | Philip Wen-chyi Ong 翁文祺 | b. 1960 | N/A |
6/2017—5/2018 @ | Wang Kwo-tsai 王國材 | b. 1959 | N/A |
5/2018—5/2019 | Wei Chien-hung 魏健宏 | N/A | N/A |
5/2019—6/2019 @ | Wang Kwo-tsai 王國材 | b. 1959 | N/A |
6/2019— | Wu Hong-mo 吳宏謀 | b. 1954 | N/A |
Chunghwa Post presidents
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
1/2003—3/2006 | Huang Shui-cheng 黃水成 | N/A | N/A |
5/2006—6/2008 | Wu Min-yu 吳民佑 | N/A | N/A |
6/2008—5/2012 | Hu Sheue-yun 胡雪雲 | N/A | N/A |
5/2012—5/2015 | Wang Chang 王昌 | b. 1949 | N/A |
5/2015—5/2019 | Chen Shian-juh 陳憲着 | N/A | N/A |
5/2019— | Chiang Jui-tang 江瑞堂 | b. N/A | N/A |
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✉ China Airlines (CAL) 中華航空公司 |
No. 131 Nanjing East Road Sec. 3, Zhongshan District, Taipei City 10410, Taiwan ROC [10410 台北市中山區南京東路 3 段 131 號]
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🌏 CAL – Web link |
 |
CAL (Zhonghua hangkong gongsi 中華航空公司, abbrev. huahang 華航), established on Dec. 16, 1959, is the flag carrier
of the ROC and the largest airline in Taiwan. Although CAL was privatized in 1991 and officially listed on the TWSE on Feb. 26, 1993, it is still indirectly state-owned, with the China Aviation Development Foundation
(Zhonghua hangkong shiye fazhan jijinhui 中華航空事業發展基金會, abbrev. CADF) being the majority shareholder. The highest position
in CAL is chairman (dongshizhang 董事長), the next most senior position is president (zong jingli 總經理).
CAL chairpersons
Tenure started |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
12/1959 | Yang Tao-ku 楊道古 | 1914-2001 | Zhejiang |
1963 | Chien Ta-chun 錢大鈞 | 1893-1982 | Jiangsu |
1968 | Hsu Huan-sheng 徐煥昇 | 1906-1984 | Shanghai |
1976 | Clifford Louie Yim-qun 雷炎均 | 1914-1999 | <USA> |
1977 | Szeto Fu 司徒福 | 1916-1992 | Guangdong |
5/1983 | Wu Yueh 烏鉞 | 1915-2008 | Liaoning |
1993 | Liu Teh-min 劉德敏 | b. 1921 | Jiangsu |
1994 | Chiang Hung-i 蔣洪彝 | b. 1926 | Jiangsu |
7/2000 | Lee Yun-ling 李雲寧 | b. 1932 | Jiangsu |
7/2004 | Chiang Yao-chung 江耀宗 | b. 1952 | Taiwan |
11/2005 | Philip Wei 魏幸雄 | b. 1942 | Taiwan |
10/2007 | Ringo Chao 趙國帥 | b. 1956 | Taiwan |
7/2008 | Philip Wei (second time) |
12/2010 | Chang Chia-juch 張家祝 | b. 1950 | Liaoning |
2/2013 | Sun Hung-hsiang 孫洪祥 | b. 1948 | Shanghai |
6/2016 | Ho Nuan-hsuen 何煖軒 | b. 1953 | Taiwan |
4/2019 | Hsieh Shih-chien 謝世謙 | N/A | N/A |
3/2021— | Kao Shing-hwang 高星潢 | b. N/A | N/A |
CAL presidents
Tenure started |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
12/1959 | Yang Tao-ku 楊道古 | 1914-2001 | Zhejiang |
1963 | Wu Yueh 烏鉞 | 1915-2008 | Liaoning |
4/1964 | Ben Chow 周一塵 | N/A | N/A |
12/1974 | Clifford Louie Yim-qun 雷炎均 | 1914-1999 |
<USA> |
12/1976 | Chang Lin-tech 張麟德 | N/A | N/A |
3/1986 | Chi Jung-chuen 戚榮春 | N/A | N/A |
7/1990 | Pien Shih-nien 卞奭年 | b. 1923 | Taiwan |
1993 | Yuan Hsing-yuan 袁行遠 | b. 1932 | Jiangsu |
6/1994 | Fu Chun-fan 傅俊番 | N/A | N/A |
11/1998 | Sandy K. Y. Liu 劉國竽 | b. 1948 | N/A |
7/2000 | Christine Tsung 宗才怡 | b. 1948 | Jiangsu |
3/2002 | Philip Wei 魏幸雄 | b. 1942 | Taiwan |
11/2005 | Ringo Chao 趙國帥 | b. 1956 | Taiwan |
6/2008 | Sun Hung-hsiang 孫洪祥 | b. 1948 | Shanghai |
11/2013 | Samuel Lin Perng-liang 林鵬良 | b. 1953 | N/A |
8/2015 | Chang Yu-hern 張有恆 | b. 1954 | Taiwan |
6/2016— | Hsieh Shih-chien 謝世謙 | b. N/A | N/A |
A noteworthy CAL subsidiary is China Pacific Catering Services (huashan kongchu gufen youxian gongsi
華膳空厨股份有限公司). Furthermore, in September 1999 the China Airlines Consortium (huahang qiye
lianmeng 華航企業聯盟) comprising CAL and other companies won the bid from the ROC government for operating
aviation cargo transportation in Taiwan. In December that year Taiwan Air Cargo Terminal Ltd. (huachu gufen
youxian gongsi 華儲股份有限公司, abbrev. TACT) was set up which on Jan. 16, 2000 took over the cargo terminals
both in Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport (TTIA) and Kaohsiung International Airport as sole operator in Taiwan.
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✉ China Aviation Development Foundation (CADF) 財團法人中華航空事業發展基金會 |
2 F., No. 131 Nanjing East Road Sec. 3, Zhongshan District, Taipei City 10410, Taiwan ROC [10410 台北市中山區南京東路 3 段 131 號 2 樓]
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🌏 CADF – Web link |
 |
The CADF (caituan faren Zhonghua hangkong shiye fazhan jijinhui 財團法人中華航空事業發展基金會, abbrev. hangfahui
航發會, 🏁—dongshizhang 董事長) was established on July 7, 1988 as a non-profit government entity. Its operating income
is used to assist in the development of Taiwan's civil aviation industry. The CADF funds were donated by 27 shareholders of China Airlines in February 1988, and CADF is CAL's largest shareholder today.
CADF chairpersons
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
7/1988—6/1997 | Wang Ching-hsu 汪敬煦 | 1918-2011 | Zhejiang |
8/1997—6/2000 | Hsu Li-teh 徐立德 | b. 1931 | Henan |
7/2000—7/2001 | Chang Chun-yen 張俊彥 | b. 1937 | Taiwan |
7/2001—6/2002 | Tsay Jaw-yang 蔡兆陽 | 1941-2008 | Taiwan |
6/2002—3/2006 | Lin Ling-san 林陵三 | b. 1944 | Taiwan |
7/2006—9/2006 | Kuo Yao-chi 郭瑤琪 | b. 1956 | Taiwan |
9/2006—6/2008 | Tsai Duei 蔡堆 | b. 1947 | Taiwan |
6/2008—1/2010 | Mao Chi-kuo 毛治國 | b. 1948 | Zhejiang |
1/2010—3/2013 | Yeh Kuang-shih 葉匡時 | b. 1957 | Taiwan |
3/2013—4/2015 | Chen Jian-yu 陳建宇 | b. 1954 | Taiwan |
4/2015—9/2016 | Wu Men-feng 吳盟分 | N/A | N/A |
11/2016— | Wang Kwo-tsai 王國材 | b. 1959 | N/A |
The post of CADF chairperson is usually reserved for a high-ranking ROC government official. Wang Ching-hsu was
concurrently NSB director general, Hsu Li-teh ROC vice premier, Chang Chun-yen president of the National Chiao Tung
University (NCTU); the CADF chairpersons from Tsay Jaw-yang to Mao Chi-kuo were MOTC
ministers, since Yeh Kuang-shih the CADF chairperson is a MOTC vice minister.
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✉ Taoyuan International Airport Corporation (TIAC) 桃園國際機場股份有限公司 |
No. 9 Hangzhan South Road, Dayuan Township, Taoyuan County 33758, Taiwan ROC [33758 桃園縣大園鄉航站南路 9 號]
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🌏 TIAC – Web link |
 |
The TIAC (Taoyuan guoji jichang gufen youxian gongsi 桃園國際機場股份有限公司, 🏁—dongshizhang 董事長) was
established on Nov. 1, 2010 and is a state-owned enterprise responsible for the management of Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport
(Taiwan Taoyuan guoji jichang 台灣桃園國際機場, abbrev. TTIA). Before the TIAC was incorporated, the airport administration was
a government agency under the MOTC. Another senior position in TIAC is president (zong jingli
總經理 or zongzuo 總座), sometimes also referred to as "CEO" in English.
TIAC chairpersons
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
11/2010—2/2012 | Yeh Kuang-shih 葉匡時 | b. 1957 | Taiwan |
2/2012—2/2013 | Kuo Tsai-wen 郭蔡文 | b. 1948 | Taiwan |
2/2013—7/2015 | Yin Chen-pong 尹承蓬 | b. 1954 | Taiwan |
7/2015—6/2016 | Samuel Lin Perng-liang 林鵬良 | b. 1953 | N/A |
6/2016—10/2018 | Tseng Dar-jen 曾大仁 | N/A | N/A |
10/2018—1/2019 @ | Chi Wen-jong 祁文中 | N/A | N/A |
1/2019— | Wang Ming-teh 王明德 | b. N/A | N/A |
TIAC presidents
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
11/2010—11/2013 | Samuel Lin Perng-liang 林鵬良 | b. 1953 | N/A |
11/2013—6/2016 | David Fei 費鴻鈞 | b. 1954 | N/A |
6/2016— | Hsiao Ting-ko 蕭登科 | b. N/A | N/A |
The TTIA is the major gate through which travelers coming from overseas enter Taiwan. The airport facilities were
inaugurated on Feb. 26, 1979 and named Chiang Kai-shek International Airport (guoji Zhongzheng jichang 國際中正機場),
Terminal II (dier hangxia 第二航廈) was opened on July 29, 2000. Construction for a third terminal began on May 26,
2017 and is scheduled to be completed by 2020. TTIA's current name was adopted on Sept. 6, 2006. Before the opening of the
TTIA, the main entry point for foreigners visiting Taiwan was Taipei Songshan Airport (Taibei songshan jichang 台北松山機場)
which was completed on March 30, 1936. Since 1979 Taipei Songshan Airport has mostly been used for domestic flights and—more
recently—for cross-strait flights. The TTIA is currently being developed into the "Taoyuan Aerotropolis" (Taoyuan
hangkongcheng 桃園航空城) as part of the i-Taiwan 12 Projects (ai Tai shier jianshe 愛臺十二建設).
The largest ground handling provider at TTIA is Taoyuan International Airport Services (Taoyuan guoji jichang diqin fuwu
gongsi 桃園國際機場地勤服務公司, abbrev. Taoyuan hangqin 桃園航勤 in Chinese and TIAS in English), est. Nov. 8, 1978.
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✉ Taiwan International Ports Corporation Ltd. (TIPC) 臺灣港務股份有限公司 |
No. 2-2 Jianguo 3rd Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 80748, Taiwan ROC [80748 高雄市三民區建國三路 2-2 號]
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🌏 TIPC – Web link |
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The TIPC (Taiwan gangwu gufen youxian gongsi 臺灣港務股份有限公司, abbrev. gangwu gongsi 港務公司,
🏁—dongshizhang 董事長) was established on March 1, 2012 as a state-run enterprise and was vested with
the authority over Taiwan's former four harbour bureaus under the MOTC—Hualien
Harbor Bureau (jiaotongbu Hualian gangwuju 交通部花蓮港務局), Kaohsiung Harbor Bureau (jiaotongbu Gaoxiong
gangwuju 交通部高雄港務局), Keelung Harbor Bureau (jiaotongbu Jilong gangwuju 交通部基隆港務局), and
Taichung Harbor Bureau (jiaotongbu Taizhong gangwuju 交通部臺中港務局). The company is tasked to handle
comprehensive port operations, enhance operational efficiencies and responsiveness, raise the international profile
of Taiwan's international commercial ports, and spur domestic regional economic growth. Another senior position in TIPC
is president (zong jingli 總經理).
TIPC chairpersons
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
3/2012—9/2014 | Hsiao Ding-hsun 蕭丁訓 | b. 1947 | N/A |
9/2014—9/2016 | Chang Chih-ching 張志清 | N/A | N/A |
9/2016—11/2017 | Wu Men-feng 吳盟分 | N/A | N/A |
11/2017—7/2018 | Wu Hong-mo 吳宏謀 | b. 1954 | N/A |
7/2018—9/2018 @ | Wang Kwo-tsai 王國材 | b. 1959 | N/A |
9/2018—10/2019 | Wu Chung-rung 吳宗榮 | N/A | N/A |
10/2019—3/2020 @ | Huang Yu-lin 黃玉霖 | b. 1963 | N/A |
2/2020— | Lee Hsien-yi 李賢義 | b. 1959 | N/A |
TIPC presidents
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
3/2012—10/2016 | Lee Tai-hsin 李泰興 | N/A | N/A |
10/2016—6/2019 | Kuo Tien-kuei 郭添貴 | N/A | N/A |
6/2019— | Chen Shao-liang 陳劭良 | b. N/A | N/A |
The following are the TIPC's four subsidiaries:
▶ Port of Hualien (Hualian gangwu fen gongsi 花蓮港務分公司)
▶ Port of Kaohsiung (Gaoxiong gangwu fen gongsi 高雄港務分公司), oversees the Budai District Office (Budai guanlichu 布袋管理處), Magong District Office (Magong guanlichu 馬公管理處), and Anping Port Branch Office (Anping gangying yunchu 安平港營運處)
▶ Port of Keelung (Jilong gangwu fen gongsi 基隆港務分公司), oversees the Taipei Port Branch Office (Taibei gangying yunchu 臺北港營運處) and Suao Port Branch Office (Suao gangying yunchu 蘇澳港營運處)
▶ Port of Taichung (Taizhong gangwu fen gongsi 臺中港務分公司)
Other noteworthy subordinate organizations under the TIPC include the Policy and
Strategy Committee (jingying celüe weiyuanhui 經營策略委員會) and the Port Business Committee
(yingyun weiyuanhui 營運委員會).
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✉ Taiwan High Speed Rail Corporation (THSRC) 台灣高速鐵路股份有限公司 |
14 F., No. 66 Jingmao 2nd Road, Nangang District, Taipei City 11568, Taiwan ROC [11568 台北市南港區經貿二路 66 號 14 樓]
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🌏 THSRC – Web link |
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The THSRC (Taiwan gaosu tielu gufen youxian gongsi 台灣高速鐵路股份有限公司, abbrev. Taiwan gaotie gongsi 台灣高鐵公司,
🏁—dongshizhang 董事長) was established on May 11, 1998. THSRC and the ROC MOTC signed
agreements about Taiwan's high speed rail project on July 23, 1998 according to a build-operate-transfer (minjian xingjian yingyunhou
zhuanyi moshi 民間興建營運後轉移模式, abbrev. BOT) scheme. In March 2000, the first contract of the civil works was awarded and began
construction in August 2000. THSRC's bullet train service on the 345 km long high-speed rail line was launched on Jan. 5, 2007, operating
eight stations—Taipei 台北, Banqiao 板橋, Taoyuan 桃園, Hsinchu 新竹, Taichung 台中, Chiayi 嘉義, Tainan 台南, and Kaohsiung 高雄 (Zuoying
左營). Three more stations were opened on Dec. 1, 2015: Miaoli 苗栗, Changhua 彰化, and Yunlin 雲林, followed by another new station in
Nan'gang 南港 on July 1, 2016. On Sept. 27, 2019 the MOTC approved a 17.5–km extension route linking the current southern terminus in
Kaohsiung's Zuoying to the TRA station of Liukuaicuo 六塊厝 in Pingtung County, the new route is
scheduled to start operations in 2029.
THSRC chairpersons
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
5/1998—9/2009 | Nita Ing 殷琪 | b. 1955 | Zhejiang |
9/2009—3/2014 | Ou Chin-der 歐晉德 | b. 1944 | Fujian/Taiwan |
3/2014—2/2015 | Tony Fan 范志強 | b. 1951 | Taiwan |
2/2015—10/2016 | Victor W. Liu 劉維琪 | b. 1952 | <Greece> |
10/2016— | Chiang Yao-chung 江耀宗 | b. 1952 | Taiwan |
THSRC CEOs
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
10/2006—3/2014 | Ou Chin-der 歐晉德 | b. 1944 | Fujian/Taiwan |
3/2014— | James Jeng 鄭光遠 | b. 1954 | N/A |
The position of Chief Executive Officer/CEO (zhixingzhang 執行長) in THSRC was created on Oct. 1, 2006.
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✉ Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corporation (TTL) 台灣菸酒股份有限公司 |
1 F., No. 4 Nanchang Road Sec. 1, Zhongzheng District, Taipei City 10066, Taiwan ROC [10066 台北市中正區南昌路 1 段 4 號 1 樓]
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🌏 TTL – Web link |
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The TTL (Taiwan yanjiu gufen youxian gongsi 台灣菸酒股份有限公司, 🏁—dongshizhang 董事長) was established
on July 1, 2002 shortly after Taiwan had joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) earlier that year. TTL’s position of president
(zong jingli 總經理) is sometimes referred to in English as “general manager”, especially in older sources.
TTL chairpersons
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
11/1945—9/1946 | Jen Wei-chun 任維鈞 | 1908-1990 | Hunan |
9/1946—5/1947 | Chen Ho-sheng 陳鶴聲 | N/A | Sichuan |
5/1947—2/1950 | Tsai Hsuan-fu 蔡玄甫 | N/A | Jiangxi |
2/1950—6/1951 | Yang Yun-li 楊允隸 | N/A | Anhui |
6/1951—6/1954 | Fan Tse-shan 范澤山 | N/A | Zhejiang |
6/1954—5/1958 | Chen Pao-lin 陳寶麟 | 1898-1965 | Hebei |
5/1958—8/1963 | Wu Dau-kung 吳道艮 | b. 1915, d. N/A | Zhejiang |
8/1963—1/1969 | Wang Shao-yu 王紹堉 | b. 1923 | Zhejiang |
1/1969—9/1973 | Tan Wen-mao 譚文懋 | N/A | Zhejiang |
9/1973—8/1976 | Tang Mao-sung 湯茂松 | b. 1914, d. N/A | Jiangsu |
8/1976—5/1980 | Wu Po-hsiung 吳伯雄 | b. 1939 | Taiwan |
5/1980—5/1986 | Wu Yueh-ai 伍曰藹 | N/A | Jiangxi |
5/1986—9/1990 | Cheng Shih-chin 鄭世津 | N/A | Taiwan |
9/1990—4/1992 | Lan Tsu-tang 藍祖堂 | N/A | Taiwan |
4/1992—1/1996 | Tseng Kuang-tien 曾廣田 | N/A | Taiwan |
1/1996—5/2000 | Shih Yen-shiang 施顏祥 | b. 1950 | Taiwan |
6/2000—6/2002 | Chu Cheng-hsiung 朱正雄 | b. 1942 | Taiwan |
7/2002—10/2002 | Wang Teh-shan 王得山 | N/A | Taiwan |
10/2002—6/2005 | Huang Ing-san 黃營杉 | b. 1941 | Taiwan |
7/2005—9/2006 | Ray Dawn 董瑞斌 | N/A | Taiwan |
9/2006—6/2008 | Tsai Mu-lin 蔡木霖 | N/A | Taiwan |
7/2008—11/2010 | Duan Wei 韋伯韜 | N/A | N/A |
11/2010—7/2016 | Hsu An-hsuan 徐安旋 | N/A | N/A |
7/2016—12/2018 | Wu Jung-hui 吳容輝 | N/A | N/A |
12/2018—3/2019 @ | Tseng Kuo-chi 曾國基 | b. 1962 | N/A |
3/2019— | Ting Yen-che 丁彥哲 | b. N/A | N/A |
TTL presidents since 2002
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
2002–6/2005 | Thomas Lai 賴木山 | N/A | N/A |
7/2005—11/2006 | Chen Wen-kai 陳文凱 | N/A | N/A |
11/2006—7/2008 | Lai Shung-tang 賴舜堂 | b. 1946 | N/A |
7/2008—11/2010 | Hsu An-hsuan 徐安旋 | N/A | N/A |
11/2010—10/2016 | Lin Tzaon-feng 林讚峰 | N/A | N/A |
10/2016—12/2018 | Tseng Chun-kai 曾俊凱 | N/A | N/A |
12/2018—2/2019 † | Chang Lei-min 張黎明 | 1955-2019 | N/A |
2/2019— | Huang Chi-shih 黃及時 | b. N/A | N/A |
The beginnings of the state-owned enterprise can be traced back to the Japanese
colonial period when on June 1, 1901 the Monopoly Bureau of the Taiwan Governor's Office (Taiwan zongdufu
zhuanmaiju 台灣總督府專賣局) was created by the merger of the Taiwan Pharmaceutical Factory (Taiwan zhiyaosuo
台灣製藥所) with the Taiwan Salt Bureau (Taiwan yanwuju 台灣鹽務局) and the Taiwan Camphor Bureau (Taiwan
zhangnaoju 台灣樟腦局). After the ROC took over Taiwan in 1945, that agency became the Taiwan Provincial Monopoly
Bureau (Taiwan sheng zhuanmaiju 台灣省專賣局, 🏁—juzhang 局長) which in turn was reorganized as
the Taiwan Tobacco and Wine Monopoly Bureau (Taiwan sheng yanjiu gongmaiju 台灣省菸酒公賣局, 🏁—juzhang
局長) after the 2-28 Incident in 1947. At that time the ROC on Taiwan maintained a monopoly on five commodities—tobacco,
liquor, camphor, matches and measuring instruments. By 1968, the two items that remained in the monopoly system were
tobacco and liquor.
TTL's most famous product is Taiwan Beer (Taiwan pijiu 台灣啤酒, abbrev. taipi 台啤). A brewing facility
owned by the Takasago Malted Beer Company (gaosha maijiu zhushi huishe 高砂麥酒株式會社) was set up in Taipei
on Jan. 13, 1919, and in 1920 the Monopoly Bureau of the Taiwan Governor's Office began marketing Takasago Beer
(gaosha maijiu 高砂麥酒). After WWII, the brewery was taken over by Taiwan's Monopoly Bureau as Taipei Beer
Company (Taibei pijiu gongsi 台北啤酒公司), and in 1945 the name of the beverage was changed to Taiwan Beer.
The production facility was renamed Taipei Second Brewery (Taibei dier jiuchang 台北第二酒廠) in 1947 and
Chienkuo Brewery (jianguo pijiuchang 建國啤酒廠) in 1975, and it was finally rechristened Taipei Brewery
(Taibei pijiu gongchang 台北啤酒工場) on July 1, 2008.
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✉ Central News Agency (CNA) 中央通訊社 |
No. 209 Songjiang Road, Zhongshan District, Taipei City 10485, Taiwan ROC [10485 台北市中山區松江路 209 號(志清大樓)]—Please note that the building where CNA is located also houses the government Publications Bookstore 國家書店 in the first floor.
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🌏 CNA – Web link |
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CNA (zhongyang tongxunshe 中央通訊社, abbrev. zhongyangshe 中央社) was established on April 1, 1924 as a publicity organ
of the KMT, underwent a thorough reorganization in 1931 and was placed under the control of the ROC central government in 1948. CNA was
incorporated in April 1973 as a private-owned company and reorganized in January 1996 as a state-run corporation.
Supposedly an autonomous news gathering organization free of political interference, CNA is in part still funded by the ROC central
government, and its top management is appointed by the ROC Executive Yuan. Besides the president
(shezhang 社長), CNA's two other lead positions are chairman (dongshizhang 董事長) and editor-in-chief (zong bianji
總編輯).
CNA presidents
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
5/1932—10/1950 | Hsiao Tung-tze 蕭同茲 | 1895-1973 | Hunan |
10/1950—12/1964 | Tseng Hsu-pai 曾虛白 | 1895-1994 | Jiangsu |
12/1964—6/1972 | Ma Hsin-yeh 馬星野 | 1909-1991 | Zhejiang |
6/1972—1/1978 | James Wei 魏景蒙 | 1907-1982 | Zhejiang |
1/1978—5/1981 | Frank Lin Chen-chi 林徵祁 | 1917-1990 | Fujian |
5/1981—4/1988 | Pan Huan-kun 潘煥昆 | 1917-1999 | <Indonesia> |
4/1988—6/1990 | Hwang Willie Tien-tsai 黃天才 | b. 1924 | Guangxi |
7/1990—6/1992 | Hung Chien-chao 洪健昭 | 1932-2018 | Taiwan |
7/1992—4/1994 | Tang Pan-pan 唐盼盼 | b. 1942 | Hunan |
5/1994—10/1997 | Comet Shih 施克敏 | 1936-2010 | Taiwan |
11/1997—6/2002 | Bill Wang 汪萬里 | b. 1945 | Chongqing |
7/2002—12/2004 | Hu Yuan-hui 胡元輝 | b. 1958 | Taiwan |
1/2004—6/2005 @ | Lee Wan-lai 李萬來 | N/A | N/A |
7/2005—6/2008 | Liu Chih-tsung 劉志聰 | b. 1953 | Taiwan |
7/2008—6/2011 | Chen Shen-ching 陳申青 | b. 1958 | Taiwan |
7/2011—7/2012 | Lo Chih-cheng 羅智成 | b. 1955 | Taiwan |
7/2012—6/2017 | Fan Hsiang-lin 樊祥麟 | b. 1957 | Taiwan |
7/2017— | Chang Jui-chang 張瑞昌 | b. N/A | N/A |
CNA chairpersons
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
4/1973—6/1985 | Ma Hsin-yeh 馬星野 | 1909-1991 | Zhejiang |
7/1985—6/1990 | Tsao Sheng-fen 曹聖芬 | 1913-2003 | Hunan |
7/1990—7/1992 | Willie Hwang Tien-tsai 黃天才 | b. 1924 | Guangxi |
7/1992—3/1993 | Hung Chien-chao 洪健昭 | 1932-2018 | Taiwan |
7/1993—6/2002 | Hsiao Tien-tzang 蕭天讚 | 1934-2017 | Taiwan |
7/2002—6/2008 | Su Tzen-ping 蘇正平 | b. 1950 | Taiwan |
7/2008—9/2009 | Huang Chao-sung 黃肇松 | b. 1948 | Taiwan |
9/2009 @ | Wang Wen-hua 王文華 | b. 1967 | Taiwan/Anhui |
10/2009—6/2011 | Hung Chien-chao (second time) |
7/2011—6/2017 | Chen Kuo-hsiang 陳國祥 | b. 1953 | N/A |
7/2017— | Liu Ka-shiang 劉克襄 | b. 1957 | Taiwan |
The CNA
offers diverse news coverage on many aspects of Taiwan and the ROC, and its website features online
news in Chinese, English ("Focus Taiwan"), Spanish
("Enfoque en Taiwan"), and Japanese (フォーカス台湾).
On March 22, 2021 it was announced that CNA’s Spanish-language news services would be suspended indefinitely
as of March 31, 2021.
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✉ Public Television Service (PTS) 公共電視台 |
No. 50 Lane 75, Kangning Road Sec. 3, Neihu District, Taipei City 11485, Taiwan ROC [11485 台北市內湖區康寧路 3 段 75 巷 50 號]
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🌏 PTS – Web link |
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PTS (gonggong dianshitai 公共電視台, abbrev. gongshi 公視, 🏁—dongshizhang 董事長) was established
on July 1, 1998 as Taiwan's first independent public broadcasting institution, and it is run by the Taiwan Public Television Service
Foundation (caituan faren gonggong dianshi wenhua shiye jijinhui 財團法人公共電視文化事業基金會). The next most senior position
in PTS is president (zong jingli 總經理).
PTS chairpersons
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
7/1998—2004 | Frank Wu Feng-shan 吳豐山 | b. 1945 | Taiwan |
2004–2007 | Louis Chen 陳春山 | b. 1961 | Taiwan |
12/2007—12/2009 | Cheng Tung-liao 鄭同僚 | N/A | N/A |
8/2010—12/2010 @ | Chen Sheng-fu 陳勝福 | b. 1953 | N/A |
5/2011—2013 | Yaly Chao 趙雅麗 | b. 1951 | Taiwan |
7/2013—9/2016 | Shaw Yu-ming 邵玉銘 | b. 1938 | Heilongjiang |
9/2016—5/2022 | Tchen Yu-chiou 陳郁秀 | b. 1949 | Taiwan |
5/2022— | Hu Yuan-hui 胡元輝 | b. 1958 | Taiwan |
PTS presidents
Tenure (started) |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
7/1998— | Liao Chang-sung 廖蒼松 | b. 1937 | Taiwan |
7/1999—6/2004 | Lee Yung-te 李永得 | b. 1955 | Taiwan |
1/2005—12/2007 | Hu Yuan-hui 胡元輝 | b. 1958 | Taiwan |
12/2007—9/2010 | Sylvia Feng 馮賢賢 | N/A | N/A |
9/2010— @ | Wu Chang-jung 吳昌融 | N/A | N/A |
2/2011—12/2014 | Sunshine Kuang 曠湘霞 | b. 1951 | Hunan |
1/2015— @ | Sun Ching 孫青 | N/A | N/A |
4/2015—12/2016 | Chiu Yueh 丘岳 | N/A | N/A |
12/2016—7/2020 | Tsao Wen-chieh 曹文傑 | b. 1963 | N/A |
8/2020— @ | Hsu Chiu-hua 徐秋華 | b. N/A | N/A |
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✉ Taiwan Financial Holdings Co., Ltd. (TFH) 台灣金控 |
No. 120 Chongqing South Road Sec. 1,
Zhongzheng District, Taipei City 10007, Taiwan ROC [10007 台北市中正區重慶南路 1 段 120 號]
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🌏 TFH – Web link |
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TFH (Taiwan jinrong konggu gufen youxian gongsi 臺灣金融控股股份有限公司, abbrev. Taiwan jinkong 台灣金控,
🏁—dongshizhang 董事長) was founded on Dec. 6, 2007 and started business operations on Jan. 1, 2008 as a
state-owned corporation. TFH is the parent holding company of the Bank of Taiwan (BOT),
BankTaiwan Securities Co., Ltd. (Taiyin zhengquan 臺銀證券, abbrev. BTS) and BankTaiwan Life Insurance Co., Ltd.
(Taiyin renshou 臺銀人壽, abbrev. BTLI); the BOT established BankTaiwan Insurance Brokers Co., Ltd. (Taiyin
baojing 臺銀保經, abbrev. BTIB) as a subsidiary on Feb. 6, 2013. Another senior post in TFH is president (zong jingli
總經理).
TFH chairpersons
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
1/2008—7/2008 | Tsai Jer-shyong 蔡哲雄 | b. 1945 | Taiwan |
7/2008—6/2012 | Susan Chang 張秀蓮 | b. 1948 | Taiwan |
7/2012—8/2013 | Liu Teng-cheng 劉燈城 | b. 1950 | Taiwan |
8/2013—8/2016 | Lee Jih-chu 李紀珠 | b. 1960 | Taiwan |
8/2016—2/2023 | Joseph C. Lyu 呂桔誠 | b. 1956 | Taiwan |
2/2023— | Shen Jong-chin 沈榮津 | b. 1951 | N/A |
TFH presidents
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
1/2008—7/2008 | Wu Fan-chi 吳繁治 | N/A | N/A |
7/2008—7/2009 @ | Peter T. C. Lo 羅澤成 | b. 1947 | Taiwan |
7/2009—8/2010 @ | Tsai Fu-chi 蔡富吉 | N/A | N/A |
8/2010—7/2012 | Huang Shou-zuo 黃壽佐 | N/A | N/A |
7/2012—9/2013 @ | Chang Ming-daw 張明道 | b. 1953 | N/A |
9/2013—2/2014 | David Chang 張鴻基 | N/A | N/A |
3/2014—10/2016 | Hsiao Chang-jui 蕭長瑞 | N/A | N/A |
11/2016—9/2019 | Austin Chan 詹庭禎 | N/A | N/A |
9/2019— | Wei Jan-lin 魏江霖 | b. N/A | N/A |
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✉ Bank of Taiwan (BOT) 臺灣銀行 |
No. 120 Chongqing South Road Sec. 1, Zhongzheng District, Taipei City 10007, Taiwan ROC [10007 台北市中正區重慶南路 1 段 120 號]
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🌏 BOT – Web link |
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The BOT (Taiwan yinhang 臺灣銀行, 🏁—dongshizhang 董事長) was founded in June 1899 as Taiwan's central
bank by the Japanese colonial government of Taiwan. Following Japan's surrender at the end of WWII the ROC government formally
took over the BOT on May 20, 1946. After the ROC government relocated to Taipei in 1949, the BOT fulfilled the role of a
central bank until the ROC's central bank was re-established on July 1, 1961. Before July 1,
2000, the BOT also issued the ROC currency, the New Taiwan Dollar (xin taibi 新台幣, abbrev. NT$). On Dec. 8,
1978 the Legislative Yuan passed the revised Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (guanli waihui tiaoli 管理外匯條例) under which the NT$
was no longer pegged to the US$.
In the course of a government financial reform the BOT merged with the Central Trust of China (zhongyang xintuoju
中央信託局) on July 1, 2007 and became part of the Taiwan Financial Holding Co. Ltd. (TFH)
on Jan. 1, 2008.
BOT chairpersons since 1946
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
7/1946—1/1950 | Yen Chia-kan 嚴家淦 | 1905-1993 | Jiangsu |
1/1950—3/1951 | Jen Hsien-chun 任顯群 | 1912-1975 | Jiangsu |
3/1951—2/1952 | P. Y. Shu 徐柏園 | 1903-1980 | Zhejiang |
2/1952—4/1953 | O. K. Yui 俞鴻鈞 | 1897-1960 | Guangdong |
4/1953—7/1960 | T. K. Chang 張茲闓 | 1900-1983 | Guangdong |
7/1960—1/1963 † | Yin Chung-jung 尹仲容 | 1903-1963 | Hunan |
1/1963—3/1963 | Chow Hong-tao 周宏濤 | 1916-2004 | Zhejiang |
3/1963—1/1964 | Chen Ching-yu 陳慶瑜 | 1901-1981 | Jiangsu |
1/1964—9/1976 | Chen Mien-hsiu 陳勉修 | N/A | N/A |
9/1976—5/1980 | Ma Chao-kui 馬兆奎 | b. 1910, d. N/A | Hebei |
5/1980—11/1986 | Liu Shih-cheng 劉師誠 | b. 1916, d. N/A | Hunan |
11/1986—7/1990 | Sun Yi-hsuan 孫義宣 | b. 1920, d. N/A | Zhejiang |
7/1990—3/1995 | Sheu Yuan-dong 許遠東 | 1927-1998 | Taiwan |
3/1995—4/1995 @ | Li Wen-hsiung 李文雄 | N/A | N/A |
4/1995—5/2000 | James C. T. Lo 羅際棠 | b. 1930 | Taiwan |
6/2000—4/2004 | Chen Mu-tsai 陳木在 | b. 1945 | Taiwan |
4/2004—6/2004 @ | Yang Tzu-chiang 楊子江 | N/A | N/A |
6/2004—1/2006 | Joseph C. Lyu 呂桔誠 | b. 1956 | Taiwan |
1/2006—2/2006 @ | Richard Lee Ruey-tsang 李瑞倉 | b. 1950 | Taiwan |
2/2006—1/2007 | Hsu Teh-nan 許德南 | b. 1943 | Taiwan |
1/2007—7/2008 | Tsai Jer-shyong 蔡哲雄 | b. 1945 | Taiwan |
7/2008—9/2013 | Susan Chang 張秀蓮 | b. 1948 | Taiwan |
7/2012—7/2013 | Liu Teng-cheng 劉燈城 | b. 1950 | Taiwan |
7/2013—8/2013 | William Tseng Ming-chung 曾銘宗 | b. 1959 | Taiwan |
9/2013—8/2016 | Lee Jih-chu 李紀珠 | b. 1960 | Taiwan |
8/2016— | Joseph C. Lyu 呂桔誠 | b. 1956 | Taiwan |
BOT presidents since 1946
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
5/1946—12/1948 | Chang Wu 張武 | N/A | N/A |
12/1948—3/1951 | Chu Ching-chou 瞿荊洲 | N/A | N/A |
2/1951—7/1960 | Wang Chung 王鍾 | N/A | N/A |
7/1960—3/1963 | Chou Yu-jui 周友端 | 1904-1972 | Zhejiang |
3/1963—8/1972 | Mo Sung-nien 毛松年 | 1911-2005 | Guangdong |
8/1972—12/1972 | Wang Chen-chou 王鎮宙 | N/A | N/A |
12/1972—2/1973 @ | Wang Yuan 汪元 | N/A | N/A |
2/1973—2/1978 | Ronald H. C. Ho 何顯重 | b. 1924 | Hunan |
2/1978—5/1980 | Yang Cheng-hou 楊承厚 | b. 1915, d. N/A | Liaoning |
7/1980—1/1982 | Wilson C. P. Yen 嚴雋寶 | b. 1919 | Jiangsu |
1/1982—7/1985 | Wang Chih-tao 王志道 | N/A | N/A |
7/1985—3/1988 | Hsieh Jen-tung 謝仁棟 | b. 1927 | Fujian |
3/1988—2/1994 | Pu Chen-ming 卜正明 | b. 1930 | Shanghai |
2/1994—1/1995 | M. H. Tsai 蔡茂興 | b. 1939 | Taiwan |
1/1995—7/1996 | Li Wen-hsiung 李文雄 | N/A | N/A |
7/1996—9/2001 | Ho Kuo-hua 何國華 | N/A | N/A |
9/2001—10/2006 | Lii Sheng-yann 李勝彥 | N/A | N/A |
10/2006—1/2007 @ | Hsu Teh-nan 許德南 | b. 1943 | Taiwan |
1/2007—7/2009 | Peter T. C. Lo 羅澤成 | b. 1947 | Taiwan |
7/2009—1/2010 | Tsai Fu-chi 蔡富吉 | N/A | N/A |
1/2010—9/2013 | Chang Ming-daw 張明道 | b. 1953 | N/A |
9/2013—3/2014 @ | Chiou Ye-chin 邱月琴 | N/A | N/A |
3/2014—8/2016 | Hsiao Chang-jui 蕭長瑞 | N/A | N/A |
8/2016—8/2018 | Wei Jan-lin 魏江霖 | N/A | N/A |
8/2018—10/2020 | Chiou Ye-chin (second time) |
11/2020— | Hsu Chih-wen 許志文 | b. N/A | N/A |
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✉ Taiwania Capital Management Corporation 台杉投資管理顧問股份有限公司 |
18 F., No. 333 Keelung Road Sec. 1, Xinyi District, Taipei City 11012, Taiwan ROC [11012 台北市信義區基隆路 1 段 333 號 18 樓(國際貿易大樓)]
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🌏 Taiwania Capital Management Corporation – Web link |
 |
The Taiwania Capital Management Corporation (taishan touzi guanli guwen gufen youxian gongsi 台杉投資管理顧問股份有限公司,
🏁—dongshizhang 董事長) was set up on Aug. 18, 2017 by the Cabinet as a national investment company to speed up the pace
of local investment in areas such as railway construction, renewable energy, water resources development and digital technology. Another
senior position in the company is president (zong jingli 總經理). The company gained official approval on Aug. 25, 2017, and its
the largest shareholder is the National Development Fund (guojia fazhan jijin 國家發展基金/NDF).
Taiwania Capital Management Corporation chairman
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
8/2017— | Wu Rong-i 吳榮義 | b. 1939 | Taiwan |
Taiwania Capital Management Corporation president
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
8/2017— | David Weng 翁嘉盛 | b. N/A | Taiwan |
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✉ Taiwan Asset Management Corporation (TAMCO) 台灣金聯資產管理股份有限公司 |
12 F., No. 85 Nanjing East Road Sec. 2, Zhongshan District, Taipei City 10407, Taiwan ROC [10407 台北市中山區南京東路 2 段 85 號 12 樓]
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🌏 TAMCO – Web link |
 |
TAMCO (Taiwan jinlian zichan guanli gufen youxian
gongsi 台灣金聯資產管理股份有限公司, abbrev. Taiwan jinlian 台灣金聯, 🏁—dongshizhang
董事長) was established on May 22, 2001 by the ROC MOF and the Bankers Association
of the ROC (Zhonghua minguo yinhang gonghui 中華民國銀行公會) as a state-funded bad loan operator. Another senior
position in TAMCO is president (zong jingli 總經理).
TAMCO chairpersons
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
5/2001—6/2004 | Lin Chen-kuo 林振國 | b. 1937 | Fujian |
6/2004—6/2007 | Wang Rong-jou 王榮周 | b. 1946 | Taiwan |
6/2007—7/2008 | Hung San-hsiung 洪三雄 | N/A | N/A |
7/2008—3/2010 | Chen Sung-chu 陳松柱 | N/A | N/A |
3/2010—6/2010 @ | Chao Jung-fang 趙榮芳 | N/A | N/A |
6/2010—7/2012 | Leon Shen 沈臨龍 | b. 1951 | Jiangsu |
7/2012—1/2013 @ | John Chou 周叔璋 | N/A | N/A |
1/2013—6/2016 | Hwang Ding-fang 黃定方 | N/A | N/A |
6/2016—10/2015 | Philip Chen 陳永誠 | N/A | N/A |
10/2015—6/2017 @ | S. M. Lin 林盛茂 | N/A | N/A |
6/2017—12/2018 | Cheng Ming-hua 鄭明華 | N/A | N/A |
12/2018 | Lin Mei-chu 林美珠 | b. 1953 | Guangdong |
12/2018— @ | Kuo Wen-jin 郭文進 | b. N/A | N/A |
TAMCO presidents
Tenure started |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
5/2001 | Lin Cheng-tao 林政道 | N/A | N/A |
5/2006 | Liao Shi-shun 廖錫勳 | N/A | N/A |
2/2010 | Chao Jung-fang 趙榮芳 | N/A | N/A |
11/2012 | S. M. Lin 林盛茂 | N/A | N/A |
8/2017— | Kuo Wen-jin 郭文進 | b. N/A | N/A |
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===== ===== ===== ===== =====
The ROC military can be traced back to times when China was divided in the 1916–1928 Warlord Period; an era
when political power grew out of the barrel of a gun, so to speak. In the early 1920s there were two groups who
claimed to be the legitimate ROC government, one based in Beijing and the other based in Guangzhou. The group
in Guangzhou, led by Sun Yat-sen, lacked the military might to defeat the warlords. Following exchanges with
Comintern, Sun's KMT formed an alliance with the CCP in June 1923, and the
cooperation with Comintern and CCP led to the opening of the Whampoa Academy (ROCMA)
in May 1924. About half a year after the establishment of ROCMA, CCP heavyweight Zhou Enlai 周恩來 (1898-1976) was
appointed director (zhuren 主任) of the academy's political department (zhengzhibu 政治部). Although
the KMT–CCP alliance started weakening with the Zhongshan Warship Incident (Zhongshan jian shijian 中山艦事件)
of March 20, 1926 and eventually broke apart in April 1927, ROCMA's work lay the foundation for the creation of modern
armed forces which brought the Warlord Period to an end and restored national unity of the ROC after the successful
completion of the Northern Expedition (beifa zhanzheng 北伐戰爭) between June 1926 and July 1928.
The national defense organization is based on a unified command of the armed forces. The ROC president
is the armed forces' supreme commander, as laid out in the ROC constitution. The MND
minister is the cabinet member responsible for formulating national defense policies and plans. After the plans have been
approved by the president, the MND minister acquires manpower, budget and support from the various ministries and
departments of the Executive Yuan required for carrying out the plans by the
chief of general staff, under the minister's supervision. The annual defense
budget is subject of approval by the ROC Legislative Yuan.
— — — Flag of the ROC Ministry of National Defense (MND) — — —

It should be pointed out that in addition to the strict principle of civilian control over the military
(wenren lingjun 文人領軍), another important aspect of the ROC armed forces is political neutrality. In
order to ensure that the armed forces remain politically neutral, the MND in recent years has taken diverse
measures. In September 2002, it was decreed that active-duty servicemen and cadets are not allowed to participate
in activities organized by political parties or organizations on or off duty. Since December 2005, all levels of
military personnel are forbidden from taking part in political activities without first obtaining permission.
Since the founding of ROCMA, the ROC military has been used in combat operations against external and internal
enemies alike, most notably the Warlords (1926–1928), Japanese invaders (1931/1937–1945) and Communist insurgents
(1945–1949/present). Today, a strong and modern military in Taiwan/the ROC is an indispensable necessity for the
following purposes:
- ensuring the safety of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu, protecting the territory of the ROC, its democratic system and the freedom of its citizens, with a special focus on warding off an attack from the PRC military;
- fending off potential cyber-warfare attacks;
- upholding homeland security and responding to terrorism;
- providing rapid-response rescue and relief in times of major natural disasters like earthquakes, typhoons and flooding etc.
Please note that certain tasks pertaining to the ROC territorial waters like cracking down against illegal
smuggling activities and standing by to enforce the rights of Taiwanese fishermen operating legally in international
waters are not carried out by the ROC Navy but fall in the jurisdiction of the Coast
Guard Administration (CGA). Responding to the increased threat to Taiwan posed by the PRC, some CGA vessels are
currently being equipped with anti-ship
missile launchers in order to integrate naval forces, coast guard ships and sea cruisers under a "peace-to-war
conversion" plan that makes the most of the ROC's maritime resources.
Although Taiwan's relations with neighbouring countries are at times marred by tensions and conflicts, e. g.
confrontations in connection with fishery rights in disputed waters like with Japan in the East China Sea or with
the Philippines in the South China Sea, the main threat for Taiwan is an attack from the PRC. Until the 1970s the
threat was mutual—the ROC strived for 'recovery of the mainland' (guangfu dalu 光復大陸), the PRC for
'liberating Taiwan' (jiefang Taiwan 解放台灣). But while the ROC eventually ruled out the use of force as
a legitimate way for settling disputes between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait by the 1990s, the PRC has not
reciprocated and refuses to renounce the threat of using force to unite Taiwan with the mainland (wutong 武統).
For this reason, there is a broad consensus among the population of the Taiwan area that the country needs to uphold
a strong, modern military as a credible, effective deterrent against a potential attack from the PRC. Contrasting
Beijing's aggressive attitude, Taipei's military preparations are purely defensive to maintain peace and stability
in the Taiwan Strait and beyond as a PRC attack against Taiwan would upset peace in the Asia-Pacific region.
★ An indicator for the level of threat the PRC poses not only for Taiwan but for all countries in the Asia-Pacific
region (especially those claiming territory in the South China Sea), Japan and the US is the budget the PRC allocates
for the ongoing rapid expansion and modernization of its military. Since the start of the millennium, annual increases
of the PRC’s military expenses as decided by the PRC National People’s Congress (quanguo renmin daibiao dahui
全國人民代表大會, abbrev. quanguo renda 全國人大 in Chinese and NPC in English) keep making global headlines.
The table directly below shows the annual hikes of military spending as announced by PRC state media.
Year | Growth | |
Year | Growth | |
Year | Growth | |
Year | Growth |
1997 | 12.7 % |
2004 | 11.6 % |
2011 | 12.7 % |
2018 | 8.1 % |
1998 | 12.8 % |
2005 | 12.6 % |
2012 | 11.2 % |
2019 | 7.5 % |
1999 | 12.7 % |
2006 | 14.7 % |
2013 | 10.7 % |
2020 | 6.6 % |
2000 | 17.7 % |
2007 | 17.8 % |
2014 | 12.2 % |
2021 | 6.8 % |
2001 | 17.7 % |
2008 | 17.6 % |
2015 | 10.1 % |
2022 | 7.1 % |
2002 | 17.6 % |
2009 | 14.9 % |
2016 | 7.6 % |
2023 | 7.2 % |
2003 | 9.6 % |
2010 | 7.5 % |
2017 | 7 % |
|
Detailed figures for each year prior to 1997 are not available, but an article published in 2013 in The China Quarterly
offers the following data concerning the PRC defense budget growth rate:
- 1980-1989 (annual average): 1.6 % at current prices, -3.2 % at constant prices (base year = 1980)
- 1990-1999 (annual average): 15.7 % at current prices, 7.8 % at constant prices (base year = 1980)
- 2000-2009 (annual average): 16.5 % at current prices, 12.5 % at constant prices (base year = 1980)
Source: Adam P. Liff and Andrew S. Erickson. Demystifying China’s Defence Spending: Less Mysterious in the Aggregate.
The China Quarterly, Vol. 216 (December 2013), pp. 805-830
More relevant contents pertaining to cross-Strait relations can be found on the following pages of this website.
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The table below shows the national defense portion under
net
government expenditures of all levels on the website
"National Statistics"
of the Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (DGBAS).
FY |
Total |
Defense |
% |
| FY |
Total |
Defense |
% |
1976 |
146,594 |
37,013 |
25.2486 |
2014 |
2,645,712 |
291,418 |
11.0147 |
1981 |
425,731 |
104,623 |
24.5749 |
2015 |
2,645,189 |
304,636 |
11.5166 |
1991 |
1,275,613 |
227,099 |
17.8031 |
2016 |
2,745,305 |
314,847 |
11.4685 |
2001 |
2,271,755 |
247,597 |
10.8989 |
2017 |
2,778,361 |
304,632 |
10.9644 |
2006 |
2,214,226 |
234,699 |
10.5995 |
2018 |
2,845,491 |
308,571 |
10.8442 |
2011 |
2,612,947 |
288,889 |
11.0560 |
2019 |
2,911,648 |
321,506 |
11.0420 |
2012 |
2,677,984 |
303,903 |
11.3482 |
2020 |
3,241,989 |
341,049 |
10.5197 |
2013 |
2,665,241 |
292,646 |
10.9800 |
2021 |
3,359,420 |
371,154 |
11.0481 |
Net expenditures at all levels (unit: million NT$); percentages calculated by the chief
researcher; "FY" stands for fiscal year.
☛ For comparison the table below shows the national defense portion under
net government expenditures of all levels by administrative affair (amount in NT$ million, and percentage of total government
expenses) as it was presented in the Taiwan Statistical Data Book 2019 published by the National
Development Council (NDC).
FY |
Amount |
% |
| FY |
Amount |
% |
1955 |
3,173 |
49.5 |
2006 |
234,699 |
10.6 |
1960 |
5,962 |
49.4 |
2008 |
262,150 |
11.2 |
1965 |
9,190 |
41.1 |
2010 |
286,929 |
11.2 |
1970 |
17,628 |
37.3 |
2011 |
288,889 |
11.1 |
1975 |
30,231 |
24.5 |
2012 |
303,903 |
11.3 |
1980 |
103,141 |
30.3 |
2013 |
292,646 |
11.0 |
1985 |
135,243 |
24.8 |
2014 |
291,418 |
11.0 |
1990 |
210,974 |
19.2 |
2015 |
304,636 |
11.5 |
1995 |
269,960 |
14.1 |
2016 |
314,847 |
11.5 |
2000 |
357,757 |
11.4 |
2017 |
304,632 |
11.0 |
2002 |
225,243 |
10.5 |
2018 |
308,571 |
10.8 |
2004 |
253,019 |
11.3 |
|
The next table lists the defense budget proportion of total central government budget for each fiscal
year (FY) as shown in the ROC/Taiwan Yearbooks 1995-2011. The right column marked with "%" represents the
respective percentage share.
FY |
% |
| FY |
% |
| FY |
% |
1985 |
53.0 |
1994 |
24.28 |
2003 |
15.52 |
1986 |
51.9 |
1995 |
24.51 |
2004 |
16.53 |
1987 |
50.8 |
1996 |
22.76 |
2005 |
16.08 |
1988 |
49.2 |
1997 |
22.51 |
2006 |
16.07 |
1989 |
47.7 |
1998 |
22.43 |
2007 |
18.72 |
1990 |
35.2 |
1999 |
21.60 |
2008 |
19.51 |
1991 |
31.8 |
2000 |
17.41 |
2009 |
17.61 |
1992 |
27.7 |
2001 |
16.48 |
2010 |
17.34 |
1993 |
25.3 |
2002 |
16.37 |
2011 |
16.46 |
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The General Staff (guofangbu canmou benbu 國防部參謀本部, 🏁—canmou zongzhang 參謀總長) of the ROC's
armed forces is a unit under the ROC MND. The following are subordinate organizations
under the General Staff:
▶ Communications Development Office (dianxun fazhanshi 電訊發展室)
▶ Military Intelligence Bureau (junshi qingbaoju 軍事情報局, abbrev. MIB)
▶ Information, Communication and Electronic Warfare Command (zitong dianjun zhihuibu 資通電軍指揮部), which was expanded on June 29, 2017 from the original Information and Electronic Warfare Command (zidian zuozhan zhihuibu 資電作戰指揮部) and renamed
There are also two allocated organizations (bianpei jigou 編配機構) under the General Staff—the Military Police Command
and the Reserve Command (details see below). Furthermore, there was an Air Defense Missile Command (fangkong feidan zhihuibu
防空飛彈指揮部) in the past which was merged with the ROC Air Force on March 1, 2017.
The flag of the ROC MND General Chief of Staff, the emblem of the ROC Military Police (ROCMP) and the emblem of the
ROC Armed Forces Reserve Command (AFRC) are shown directly below.
General Chief of Staff |
ROCMP |
ROC AFRC |
 |
 |
 |
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
1928–1929 | Li Jishen 李濟深 | 1885-1959 | Guangxi/Jiangsu |
3/1929—5/1929 | Ho Ying-chin 何應欽 | 1890-1987 | Guizhou |
1929–1932 | Chu Pei-teh 朱培德 | 1889-1937 | Yunnan |
1932–1935 | Chiang Kai-shek 蔣介石 | 1887-1975 | Zhejiang |
1935–1938 | Cheng Chien 程潛 | 1882-1968 | Hunan |
1/1938—5/1946 | Ho Ying-chin (second time) |
6/1946—5/1948 | Chen Cheng 陳誠 | 1898-1965 | Zhejiang |
5/1948—3/1950 | Ku Chu-tong 顧祝同 | 1893-1987 | Jiangsu |
3/1950—6/1954 | Chow Chih-jou 周至柔 | 1898-1986 | Zhejiang |
7/1954—8/1954
† | Kuei Yung-ching 桂永清 | 1900-1954 | Jiangxi |
8/1954—6/1957 | Peng Meng-chi 彭孟緝 | 1908-1997 | Hubei |
7/1954—6/1959 | Wang Shu-ming 王叔銘 | 1905-1998 | Shandong |
7/1959—6/1965 | Peng Meng-chi (second time) |
7/1965—6/1967 | Ni Yue-si 黎玉璽 | 1912-2003 | Sichuan |
7/1967—6/1970 | Kao Kuei-yuan 高魁元 | 1907-2012 | Shandong |
7/1970—6/1976 | Lai Ming-tang 賴名湯 | 1911-1984 | Jiangxi |
7/1976—11/1981 | Soong Chang-chih 宋長志 | 1916-2002 | Liaoning |
12/1981—12/1989 | Hao Pei-tsun 郝柏村 | 1919-2020 | Jiangsu |
12/1989—12/1991 | Chen Hsing-ling 陳燊齡 | 1924-2017 | Beijing |
12/1991—6/1995 | Liu Ho-chien 劉和謙 | b. 1926 | Anhui |
7/1995—3/1998 | Lo Pen-li 羅本立 | 1927-2018 | Anhui |
3/1998—1/1999 | Frank Tang 唐飛 | b. 1932 | Jiangsu |
2/1999—1/2002 | Tang Yiau-ming 湯曜明 | 1940-2021 | Taiwan |
2/2002—5/2004 | Lee Jye 李傑 | b. 1940 | Tianjin |
5/2004—1/2007 | Lee Tien-yu 李天羽 | b. 1946 | Shandong |
2/2007—2/2009 | Huo Shou-yeh 霍守業 | b. 1943 | Henan |
2/2009—1/2013 | Lin Jan-yi 林鎮夷 | b. 1945 | Guizhou |
1/2013—8/2013 | Yen Ming 嚴明 | b. 1949 | Jiangxi |
8/2013—1/2015 | Kao Kuang-chi 高廣圻 | b. 1950 | N/A |
1/2015—11/2016 | Yen De-fa 嚴德發 | b. 1952 | Taiwan/Jiangsu |
12/2016—4/2017 | Chiu Kuo-cheng 邱國正 | b. 1953 | Taiwan/Jiangsu |
5/2017—6/2019 | Lee Hsi-min 李喜明 | b. 1955 | Taiwan |
7/2019—1/2020
† | Shen Yi-ming 沈一鳴 | 1957-2020 | Taiwan |
1/2020 @ | Liu Chih-pin 劉志斌 | b. 1962 | Taiwan |
1/2020—6/2021 | Huang Shu-kuang 黃曙光 | b. 1957 | Taiwan |
7/2021—4/2023 | Chen Pao-yu 陳寶餘 | b. 1958 | Fujian |
5/2023— | Mei Chia-shu 梅家樹 | b. 1963 | N/A |
The ROC Military Police Command (guofangbu xianbing zhihuibu 國防部憲兵指揮部) was established on Jan. 16, 1932 and is in charge
of the ROCMP (Zhonghua minguo xianbing 中華民國憲兵, 🏁—zhihuiguan 指揮官). Before Jan. 1, 2013 the agency's Chinese
name was xianbing silingbu 憲兵司令部, and its commander's official Chinese title was siling 司令.
● Commanders of the ROC Military Police (ROCMP)
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
1/1932—11/1940 | Ku Cheng-lun 谷正倫 | 1889-1953 | Guizhou |
1/1941—3/1943 | Ho Kuo-kuang 賀國光 | 1885-1969 | Hubei |
3/1943—2/1950
† | Chang Chen 張鎮 | 1900-1950 | Hunan |
2/1950—9/1954 | Huang Chen-wu 黃珍吾 | 1901-1969 | Guangdong |
9/1954—9/1955 | Lo Yu-lun 羅友倫 | 1912-1994 | Guangdong |
9/1955—5/1957 | Liu Wei 劉煒 | 1907-1969 | Guangdong |
5/1957—7/1963 | Yin Chun 尹俊 | 1909-1987 | Hunan |
7/1963—3/1965 | Lee Yun-cheng 李運成 | 1910-1987 | Hunan |
3/1965—2/1968 | Wu Hui-sheng 吳輝生 | 1909-1985 | Guangdong |
2/1968—6/1972 | Wang Yung-shu 王永樹 | 1910-1989 | Zhejiang |
7/1972—1/1974
† | Lo Yang-pien 羅揚鞭 | 1915-1974 | Hunan |
1/1974—1/1975 | Wang Ching-hsu 汪敬煦 | 1918-2011 | Zhejiang |
1/1975—8/1978 | Meng Shu-mei 孟述美 | 1916-1986 | Haina |
9/1978—6/1984 | Liu Ching-ti 劉罄敵 | 1920-1998 | Hunan |
7/1984—4/1985 | Pai Lung-kuei 柏隆鑎 | N/A | N/A |
5/1985—12/1989 | Chou Chung-nan 周仲南 | b. 1932 | Jiangsu |
12/1989—7/1992 | Wang Jo-yu 王若愚 | b. 1932 | Shandong |
8/1992—6/1996 | Tsao Wen-sheng 曹文生 | 1943-2022 | Hunan |
7/1996—3/1998 | Wang Yi-tien 王詣典 | b. 1945 | Anhui |
4/1998—8/2001 | Yang Yu-tsun 楊雨村 | N/A | N/A |
9/2001—2/2002 | Chiu Chung-nan 邱忠男 | N/A | N/A |
2/2002—5/2004 | Yu Lien-fa 余連發 | b. 1947 | Taiwan |
6/2004—3/2006 | Shen Shih-chi 沈世籍 | b. 1951 | Jiangxi |
4/2006—5/2007 | Lu Tai-sheng 盧台生 | N/A | N/A |
6/2007—5/2009 | Ho Yung-chien 何雍堅 | b. 1951 | Taiwan |
6/2009—5/2011 | Lee Hsiang-chou 李翔宙 | b. 1952 | Taiwan |
5/2011—6/2011 @ | Kao Yao-pin 高耀斌 | N/A | N/A |
7/2011—3/2012 | Chang Ching-hsiang 張慶翔 | b. 1952 | Taiwan |
4/2012—9/2015 | Wu Ying-ping 吳應平 | N/A | N/A |
9/2015—8/2018 | Hsu Chang 許昌 | N/A | N/A |
9/2018—6/2019 | Mo You-ming 莫又銘 | N/A | N/A |
6/2019—7/2019 | Chung Shu-ming 鍾樹明 | N/A | N/A |
7/2019 @ | Feng Yi 馮毅 | N/A | N/A |
8/2019— | Huang Ching-tsai 黃金財 | b. 1963 | Taiwan |
The ROC AFRC (guofangbu houbei zhihuibu 國防部後備指揮部, 🏁—houbei zhihuiguan 後備指揮官) under the MND
was created on March 1, 2002 in the process of thorough restructuring of the ROC military which started when the Taiwan Garrison Command
was disbanded on Aug. 1, 1992 and replaced with two agencies, one of them being the Military Reserve District Command (junguanqu
silingbu 軍管區司令部) which preceded the AFRC. Before Jan. 1, 2013 the agency's Chinese name was houbei silingbu
後備司令部, and its commander's official Chinese title was houbei siling 後備司令.
● Commanders of the ROC Armed Forces Reserve Command (AFRC)
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
8/1992—6/1996 | Wang Jo-yu 王若愚 | b. 1932 | Shandong |
7/1996—1/1998 | John Li Chien-chung 李建中 | b. 1947 | Shanghai |
2/1998—1/1999 | Chen Jen-hsiang 陳鎮湘 | b. 1942 | Anhui |
2/1999—2/2002 | Chin En-ching 金恩慶 | b. 1944 | Jiangxi |
2/2002—1/2003 | Chen Pang-chih 陳邦治 | b. 1942 | Taiwan |
2/2003—8/2003 | Hsieh Jainn-dong 謝建東 | b. 1945 | Fujian |
9/2003—3/2004 | Hsueh Shih-ming 薛石民 | b. 1943 | Jiangsu |
4/2004—5/2005 | Chen Ti-duan 陳體端 | b. 1948 | Shanghai |
6/2005—5/2008 | Yu Lien-fa 余連發 | b. 1947 | Taiwan |
6/2008—9/2008 @ | Lee Ming-teng 李銘藤 | b. 1952 | Taiwan |
10/2008—5/2011 | Chen Liang-jun 陳良濬 | b. 1951 | Taiwan |
5/2011—8/2012 | Chiu Kuo-cheng 邱國正 | b. 1953 | Taiwan/Jiangsu |
9/2012—12/2012 @ | Bi Hsueh-wen 畢學文 | N/A | N/A |
1/2013—12/2013 | Wang Shih-tu 王世塗 | N/A | N/A |
1/2014—6/2015 | Bi Hsueh-wen (second time) |
7/2015—9/2017 | Tang Chia-kun 湯家坤 | N/A | N/A |
10/2017—6/2019 | Chou Hau-yu 周皓瑜 | b. 1959 | Taiwan |
7/2019— | Chiang Chen-chung 姜振中 | b. 1962 | N/A |
More relevant contents pertaining to that subject can be found on the following page of this website.
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✉ National Security Bureau (NSB) 國家安全局 |
No. 110 Yangde Boulevard Sec. 1, Shilin District, Taipei City 11149, Taiwan ROC [11149 台北市士林區仰德大道 1 段 110 號]
————————————
🌏 NSB – Web link |
 |
The NSB (guojia anquanju 國家安全局, abbrev. guoanju 國安局, 🏁—
juzhang 局長) was established on March 1, 1955. With the exception of Shi Hwei-yow, all NSB director-generals were active or retired
high-ranking military officers.
NSB director-generals
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
8/1954—12/1959
† | Cheng Jie-min 鄭介民 | 1898-1959 | Guangdong |
12/1959—11/1962 | Chen Ta-ching 陳大慶 | 1905-1973 | Jiangxi |
12/1962—6/1967 | Hsia Chi-ping 夏季屏 | 1908-1977 | Jiangsu |
7/1967—6/1972 | Chou Chung-feng 周中峰 | 1918-1985 | Shandong |
7/1972—11/1981 | Wang Yung-shu 王永樹 | 1910-1989 | Zhejiang |
12/1981—12/1985 | Wang Ching-hsu 汪敬煦 | 1918-2011 | Zhejiang |
12/1985—7/1993 | Soong Hsin-lian 宋心濂 | 1922-1995 | Anhui |
8/1993—1/1999 | Yin Tsung-wen 殷宗文 | 1932-2003 | Jiangsu |
2/1999—8/2001 | Ting Yu-chou 丁渝洲 | b. 1944 | Shandong |
8/2001—3/2004 | Henry Tsai 蔡朝明 | b. 1941 | Taiwan |
4/2004—2/2007 | Hsueh Shih-ming 薛石民 | b. 1943 | Jiangsu |
2/2007—5/2008 | Shi Hwei-yow 許惠祐 | b. 1952 | Taiwan |
6/2008—3/2009 | Henry Tsai (second time) |
3/2009—5/2014 | Tsai Teh-sheng 蔡得勝 | b. 1949 | Taiwan |
5/2014—7/2015 | Lee Hsiang-chou 李翔宙 | b. 1952 | Taiwan |
7/2015—10/2016 | Yang Kuo-chiang 楊國強 | N/A | Henan |
10/2016—7/2019 | Peng Sheng-chu 彭勝竹 | b. 1950 | Hubei |
7/2019 @ | Ko Cheng-heng 柯承亨 | b. 1962 | N/A |
7/2019—2/2021 | Chiu Kuo-cheng 邱國正 | b. 1953 | Taiwan/Jiangsu |
2/2021—1/2023 | Chen Min-tong 陳明通 | b. 1955 | Taiwan |
1/2023— | Tsai Ming-yen 蔡明彥 | b. N/A | N/A |
The NSB is sometimes confused with the National Security Council, an agency under the ROC presidential office. Although the NSB
is a subordinate agency under the National Security Council, it can bypass the National Security Council and report
directly to the ROC President.
More information about the National Security Council can be found on the following page of this website.
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Like armed forces in other countries, Taiwan's military has three traditional branches of service—Army (lujun
陸軍), Navy (haijun 海軍), and Air Force (kongjun 空軍). With bases at locations around Taiwan and on smaller
islands, the Army safeguards areas of strategic importance. The Navy conducts maritime patrols to maintain security in
the ROC's territorial waters. The Air Force's prime mission is to safeguard the nation's airspace.
The three services have the following units, listed to their size:
✿ Army—army (juntuan 軍團), division (shi 師), brigade (lü 旅), battalion
(ying 營), company (lian 連), and platoon (pai 排);
✿ Navy—naval fleet command (jiandui silingbu 艦隊司令部), fleet (jiandui 艦隊), group
(zhandui 戰隊), and ship (jian 艦);
✿ Air Force—operations command (zuozhan silingbu 作戰司令部), wing (liandui 聯隊), group
(dadui 大隊), squadron (zhongdui 中隊), and flight (fendui 分隊). One notable unit was the Black Bat
Squadron (hei bianfu zhongdui 黑蝙蝠中隊) which conducted missions over enemy territory between 1952 and 1974.
In addition, the ROC Marine Corps is the amphibious arm of the ROC Navy. It has the following units, listed to
their size: Marine Corps HQ (haijun luzhandui zhihuibu 海軍陸戰隊指揮部), marine division (shi 師), regiment
(tuan 團), battalion (ying 營), company (lian 連), and platoon (pai 排). The ROC Marine Corps School
(Zhonghua minguo haijun luzhandui xuexiao 中華民國海軍陸戰隊學校) was opened on Aug. 1, 1952.
The emblems of the ROC Army, Navy, Air Force as well as of the ROC Marine Corps are shown below.
Army |
Navy |
Air Force |
Marine Corps |
 |
 |
 |
 |
The respective commander's title was changed from ROC Army C-in-C (lujun zongsiling 陸軍總司令) to ROC Army Commander
(lujun siling 陸軍司令) on Feb. 16, 2006, from ROC Navy C-in-C (haijun zongsiling 海軍總司令) to ROC Navy Commander
(haijun siling 海軍司令) on Jan. 1, 2006, and from ROC Air Force C-in-C (kongjun zongsiling 空軍總司令) to
ROC Air Force Commander (kongjun siling 空軍司令) on Jan. 1, 2006. As for the ROC Marine Corps, its commander's title
was changed from ROC Marine Corps C-in-C (haijun luzhandui silingbu siling 海軍陸戰隊司令部司令) to ROC Marine Corps
Commander (haijun luzhandui zhihuibu zhihuiguan 海軍陸戰隊指揮部指揮官) on March 1, 2006.
The commanders of the three services and the ROC Marine Corps have been as follows:
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
12/1944—6/1946 | Ho Ying-chin 何應欽 | 1890-1987 | Guizhou |
6/1946—5/1948 | Ku Chu-tong 顧祝同 | 1893-1987 | Jiangsu |
5/1948—2/1949 | Yu Han-mou 余漢謀 | 1896-1981 | Guangdong |
2/1949—6/1949 | Chang Fa-kui 張發奎 | 1896-1980 | Guangdong |
6/1949—8/1949 | Ku Chu-tong (second time) |
8/1949—12/1949 | Kuan Lin-cheng 關麟徵 | 1905-1980 | Shaanxi |
12/1949—3/1950 | Ku Chu-tong (third time) | | |
3/1950—6/1954 | Sun Li-jen 孫立人 | 1900-1990 | Anhui |
6/1954—7/1957 | Huang Chieh 黃杰 | 1902-1995 | Hunan |
7/1957—6/1959 | Peng Meng-chi 彭孟緝 | 1908-1997 | Hubei |
6/1959—8/1961 | Lo Lieh 羅列 | 1907-1976 | Fujian |
8/1961—8/1965 | Liu An-chi 劉安祺 | 1903-1995 | Shandong |
8/1965—6/1967 | Kao Kuei-yuan 高魁元 | 1907-2012 | Shandong |
7/1967—6/1969 | Chen Ta-ching 陳大慶 | 1905-1973 | Jiangxi |
7/1969—3/1975 | Yu Hao-chang 于豪章 | 1918-1999 | Anhui |
3/1975—3/1978 | Ma An-lan 馬安瀾 | 1916-2001 | Liaoning |
3/1978—11/1981 | Hao Pei-tsun 郝柏村 | 1919-2020 | Jiangsu |
11/1981—6/1988 | Chiang Chung-ling 蔣仲苓 | 1922-2015 | Zhejiang |
6/1988—7/1991 | Huang Hsing-chiang 黃幸強 | b. 1931 | Hunan |
7/1991—7/1993 | Cheng Ting-chong 陳廷寵 | b. 1931 | Jiangsu |
7/1993—7/1996 | Lee Cheng-lin 李楨林 | b. 1933 | Shandong |
7/1996—1/1999 | Tang Yiau-ming 湯曜明 | 1940-2021 | Taiwan |
2/1999—1/2002 | Chen Jen-hsiang 陳鎮湘 | b. 1942 | Anhui |
2/2002—5/2004 | Huo Shou-yeh 霍守業 | b. 1943 | Henan |
5/2004—2/2006 | Chu Kai-sheng 朱凱生 | b. 1945 | Jiangsu |
2/2006—1/2007 | Hu Chen-pu 胡鎮埔 | b. 1948 | Jiangsu |
2/2007—2/2009 | Chaou Shih-chang 趙世璋 | b. 1948 | Shandong |
2/2009—8/2011 | Yang Tien-hsiao 楊天嘯 | b. 1950 | Anhui |
8/2011—1/2014 | Lee Shying-jow 李翔宙 | b. 1952 | Taiwan |
1/2014—1/2015 | Yen De-fa 嚴德發 | b. 1952 | Taiwan/Jiangsu |
1/2015—11/2016 | Chiu Kuo-cheng 邱國正 | b. 1953 | Taiwan/Jiangsu |
11/2016—3/2019 | Wang Shin-lung 王信龍 | b. 1960 | Taiwan/Zhejiang |
4/2019—6/2021 | Chen Pao-yu 陳寶餘 | b. 1958 | Fujian |
7/2021— | Hsu Yen-pu 徐衍璞 | b. 1961 | Taiwan |
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
1929–1932 | Yang Shu-chuang 楊樹莊 | 1882-1934 | Fujian |
1932—11/1945 | Chen Shao-kuan 陳紹寬 | 1889-1969 | Fujian |
7/1946—8/1948 | Chen Cheng 陳誠 | 1898-1965 | Zhejiang |
8/1948—4/1952 | Kuei Yung-ching 桂永清 | 1900-1954 | Jiangxi |
4/1952—7/1954 | Ma Chi-chuang 馬紀壯 | 1912-1998 | Hebei |
7/1954—2/1959 | Liang Hsu-chao 梁序昭 | 1903-1978 | Fujian |
2/1959—1/1965 | Ni Yue-si 黎玉璽 | 1912-2003 | Sichuan |
1/1965—8/1965 | Liu Kwang-kai 劉廣凱 | 1914-1991 | Liaoning |
8/1965—7/1970 | Feng Chi-tsung 馮啟聰 | 1914-1994 | Guangdong |
7/1970—7/1976 | Soong Chang-chih 宋長志 | 1916-2002 | Liaoning |
7/1976—5/1983 | Tsou Chien 鄒堅 | 1921-2004 | Fujian |
5/1983—6/1988 | Liu Ho-chien 劉和謙 | b. 1926 | Anhui |
6/1988—5/1992 | Yeh Chang-tung 葉昌桐 | b. 1929 | Fujian |
5/1992—4/1994 | Chuang Ming-yao 莊銘耀 | 1929-2002 | Taiwan |
4/1994—4/1997 | Nelson Ku Chung-lien 顧崇廉 | 1931-2007 | Jiangsu |
4/1997—2/1999 | Wu Shih-wen 伍世文 | b. 1934 | Guangdong |
2/1999—2/2002 | Lee Jye 李傑 | b. 1940 | Tianjin |
2/2002—2/2005 | Miao Yung-ching 苗永慶 | b. 1941 | Shanxi |
2/2005—2/2006 | Chen Pang-chih 陳邦治 | b. 1942 | Taiwan |
2/2006—5/2007 | Lin Jan-yi 林鎮夷 | b. 1945 | Guizhou |
5/2007—5/2009 | Wang Li-shen 王立申 | b. 1946 | Zhejiang |
5/2009—5/2011 | Kao Kuang-chi 高廣圻 | b. 1950 | Taiwan/Jiangsu |
5/2011—7/2013 | Tung Hsiang-lung 董翔龍 | b. 1952 | Taiwan |
8/2013—1/2015 | Chen Yeong-kang 陳永康 | b. 1951 | Taiwan |
1/2015—5/2016 | Lee Hsi-min 李喜明 | b. 1955 | Taiwan |
6/2016—1/2020 | Huang Shu-kuang 黃曙光 | b. 1957 | Taiwan |
1/2020—6/2022 | Liu Chih-pin 劉志斌 | b. 1962 | Taiwan |
6/2022—4/2023 | Mei Chia-shu 梅家樹 | b. 1963 | N/A |
5/2023— | Tang Hua 唐華 | b. 1964 | N/A |
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
6/1946—3/1952 | Chow Chih-jou 周至柔 | 1899-1986 | Zhejiang |
3/1952—7/1957 | Wang Shu-ming 王叔銘 | 1905-1998 | Shandong |
7/1957—7/1963 | Chen Chia-shang 陳嘉尚 | 1909-1972 | Zhejiang |
7/1963—7/1967 | Hsu Huan-sheng 徐煥昇 | 1906-1984 | Shanghai |
7/1967—7/1970 | Lai Ming-tang 賴名湯 | 1911-1984 | Jiangxi |
7/1970—6/1975 | Chen I-fan 陳衣凡 | 1912-2008 | Liaoning |
6/1975—8/1977 | Szeto Fu 司徒福 | 1916-1992 | Guangdong |
8/1977—1/1982 | Wu Yueh 烏鉞 | 1915-2008 | Liaoning |
1/1982—7/1986 | Kuo Ju-lin 郭汝霖 | 1920-2010 | Anhui |
7/1986—11/1989 | Chen Hsing-ling 陳燊齡 | 1924-2017 | Beijing |
11/1989—9/1992 | Lin Wen-li 林文禮 | b. 1930 | Sichuan |
9/1992—6/1995 | Frank Tang 唐飛 | b. 1932 | Jiangsu |
7/1995—6/1998 | Huang Hsien-jung 黃顯榮 | b. 1935 | Taiwan |
6/1998—2/2002 | Chen Chao-min 陳肇敏 | b. 1940 | Taiwan |
3/2002—5/2004 | Lee Tien-yu 李天羽 | b. 1946 | Shandong |
5/2004—2/2006 | Liu Kuei-li 劉貴立 | b. 1943 | Liaoning |
2/2006—7/2007 | Shen Kuo-chen 沈國禎 | b. 1948 | N/A |
7/2007—7/2009 | Peng Sheng-chu 彭勝竹 | b. 1950 | Hubei |
7/2009—1/2011 | Lei Yu-chi 雷玉其 | b. 1951 | N/A |
1/2011—1/2013 | Yen Ming 嚴明 | b. 1949 | Jiangxi |
1/2013—1/2015 | Liu Chen-wu 劉震武 | b. 1951 | Taiwan |
1/2015—2/2018 | Shen Yi-ming 沈一鳴 | 1957-2020 | Taiwan |
2/2018—6/2019 | Chang Che-ping 張哲平 | b. 1960 | Taiwan |
7/2019—4/2022 | Hsiung Hou-chi 熊厚基 | b. 1961 | Taiwan |
4/2022— | Liu Jen-yuan 劉任遠 | b. 1963 | N/A |
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
9/1947—7/1950 | Yang Hou-tsai 楊厚綵 | 1906-2002 | Hunan |
8/1950—3/1955
† | Chou Yu-huan 周雨寰 | 1912-1955 | Sichuan |
3/1955—3/1957 | Tang Shou-chih 唐守治 | 1907-1975 | Hunan |
4/1957—12/1960 | Lo Yu-lun 羅友倫 | 1912-1994 | Guangdong |
1/1961—8/1964 | Cheng Wei-yuan 鄭為元 | 1913-1993 | Anhui |
9/1964—1/1968 | Yu Hao-chang 于豪章 | 1918-1999 | Anhui |
1/1968—3/1971 | Yuan Kuo-wei 袁國徵 | 1917-1982 | Anhui |
3/1971—6/1975 | Ho En-ting 何恩廷 | 1920-2010 | Hebei |
6/1975—12/1976 | Kong Ling-cheng 孔令晟 | 1918-2014 | Jiangsu |
12/1976—12/1977
† | Huang Kuang-lo 黃光洛 | 1920-1977 | Fujian |
12/1977—8/1982 | Luo Chang 羅張 | 1923-2006 | Jiangxi |
9/1982—3/1985 | Tu Yu-hsin 屠由信 | b. 1930 | Zhejiang |
3/1985—5/1988 | Huang Tuan-hsien 黃端先 | N/A | N/A |
5/1988—7/1992 | Ma Lu-sui 馬履綏 | b. 1934 | Shanxi |
7/1992—12/1995 | Cheng Kuo-nan 鄭國南 | b. 1936 | N/A |
12/1995—5/1998 | Kao Wang-chueh 高王珏 | b. 1939 | Jiangsu |
6/1998—8/2000 | Chen Pang-chih 陳邦治 | b. 1942 | Taiwan |
9/2000—5/2004 | Chi Lin-liang 季麟連 | b. 1947 | Liaoning |
6/2004—4/2006 | Hsu Tai-sheng 徐台生 | b. 1949 | N/A |
4/2006—4/2009 | Hsu Shang-wen 徐尚文 | b. 1952 | Taiwan/Zhejiang |
4/2009—9/2011 | Hsia Fu-hua 夏復華 | N/A | N/A |
10/2011—10/2014 | Pan Chin-lung 潘進隆 | b. 1958 | Taiwan |
10/2014—7/2017 | Chen Tzu-feng 陳子鳳 | b. 1959 | Taiwan |
8/2017—7/2022 | Wang Jui-lin 王瑞麟 | b. 1963 | Taiwan/Shandong |
7/2022— | Matt Ma 馬群超 | b. N/A | N/A |
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A person in the ROC military may be an enlisted man (shibing 士兵), a non-commissioned officer
(shiguan 士官, abbrev. NCO), or an officer (junguan 軍官); he may be a conscript (yiwuyi
義務役) or a volunteer (zhiyuanyi 志願役); and he will have active duty status (changbei 常備) or
reserve status (houbei 後備). The officer corps distinguishes between career (regular class) officers
(zhengqi junguan 正期軍官), graduates of different specialty training (zhuanke junguan 專科軍官),
and officer candidates (yuguan 預官).
The system of military ranks in the ROC armed forces comprises 18 ranks (9 ranks for officers, 6 ranks for NCOs,
3 ranks for enlisted personnel), the rank structure not being completely identical with that in other countries. The
military ranks in the ROC armed forces are listed below, shown with the equivalent to the ranks and insignia of
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) for orientation.
Military rank in ROC armed forces
Officers |
NATO code |
yiji shangjiang 一級上將 /erji shangjiang 二級上將 |
OF-9 |
zhongjiang 中將 |
OF-8 |
shaojiang 少將 |
OF-7 |
shangxiao 上校 |
OF-5 |
zhongxiao 中校 |
OF-4 |
shaoxiao 少校 |
OF-3 |
shangwei 上尉 |
OF-2 |
zhongwei 中尉 |
OF-1 |
shaowei 少尉 |
OF-1 |
NCOs |
NATO code |
yideng shiguanzhang 一等士官長 |
OR-9 |
erdeng shiguanzhang 二等士官長 |
OR-8 |
sandeng shiguanzhang 三等士官長 |
OR-7 |
shangshi 上士 |
OR-6 |
zhongshi 中士 |
OR-5 |
xiashi 下士 |
OR-4 |
Enlisted personnel |
NATO code |
shangdeng bing 上等兵 |
OR-3 |
yideng bing 一等兵 |
OR-2 |
erdeng bing 二等兵 |
OR-1 |
The NCO ranks correspond with the NATO codes OR-4 to OR-9. Please note that the ROC armed forces do not have a rank
equivalent to OF-6 (Brigadier General in the US Army, between Colonel and Major General). For comparison, the following
list displays the denominations of ranks according to the NATO code in the three main services and the United States
Marine Corps (USMC).
NATO |
Army |
USMC |
Air Force |
Navy |
OF-9 |
General |
Admiral |
OF-8 |
Lieutenant General |
Vice Admiral |
OF-7 |
Major General |
Rear Admiral |
OF-5 |
Colonel |
Captain |
OF-4 |
Lieutenant Colonel |
Commander |
OF-3 |
Major |
Lieutenant Commander |
OF-2 |
Captain |
Lieutenant |
OF-1 |
First Lieutenant |
Lieutenant Junior Grade |
OF-1 |
Second Lieutenant |
Ensign |
OR-9 |
Sergeant Major |
Chief Master Sergeant |
Master Chief Petty Officer |
OR-8 |
Master Sergeant |
Master Sergeant/ First Sergeant |
Senior Master Sergeant |
Senior Chief Petty Officer |
OR-7 |
Sergeant First Class |
Gunnery Sergeant |
Master Sergeant |
Chief Petty Officer |
OR-6 |
Staff Sergeant |
Technical Sergeant |
Petty Officer First Class |
OR-5 |
Sergeant |
Staff Sergeant |
Petty Officer Second Class |
OR-4 |
Corporal |
Senior Airman |
Petty Officer Third Class |
OR-3 |
Private First Class (PFC) |
Lance Corporal |
Airman First Class |
Seaman |
OR-2 |
Private |
Private First Class (PFC) |
Airman |
Seaman Apprentice |
OR-1 |
Private Basic |
Private |
Airman Basic |
Seaman Recruit |
The advance of Communist troops in the Chinese Civil War compelled the ROC government to abandon the mainland
and retreat to Taiwan in 1949. After the transfer of an estimated 1.2 million refugees, many of them government and
military personnel, available housing was not sufficient to accommodate the new arrivals. The government therefore
created hundreds of new clusters with provisional houses which over time became permanent settlements, called
"military dependents villages" (juancun 眷村). These settlements were usually constructed with minimal building
standards and over the decades fell into disrepair. Today most of these communities that existed all over the country
have been torn down. Meanwhile, an awareness has been emerging that this disappearing feature of Taiwan's history and
culture is worth preserving, and a Kaohsiung Museum of Military Dependents' Villages
(Gaoxiongshi juancun wenhuaguan 高雄市眷村文化館) was established in 2007.
During most of the Martial Law period, the ROC Yearbooks provided no information
about troop strength. Data disclosed since the 1980s show that the ROC military has been subject to a process of streamlining
which began in the 1990s and is still ongoing. The MND reduced the total number of
personnel in the armed forces from 450,000 in 1997 to 380,000 in 2001. The ROC Yearbook 1995 mentioned a Ten-Year Troop
Reduction Project (shinian bingli jingjian fang'an 十年兵力精簡方案) from 1994 to 2003. A second stage of of personnel
reduction took place in 2002, and by the end of 2005 the ROC Armed Forces Streamlining Program (jingjin'an 精進案) had
diminished the number in uniform to 296,000. Between 2004 and 2009 the total number of personnel in the armed forces was
slimmed down from 385,000 to 275,000, and again to 215,000 by the end of 2014. The ROC armed forces are further scheduled
to be downsized from 215,000 members to ca. 190,000 by the end of 2019. The table below shows information provided in the
ROC yearbooks concerning the distribution of troops among the services.
ROC Yearbook |
Page |
Army |
Navy (incl. Marines) |
Air Force |
1995 |
160-161 |
290,000 * |
68,000 (30,000) |
68,000 |
2000 |
129 |
230,300 * |
63,000 (30,000) |
64,000 |
2005 |
110-111 |
130,000 |
53,000 |
53,000 |
* Ground forces, mainly those in the Army and the Military Police
(xianbing 憲兵) |
Please note that in the ROC Yearbook 1993 the troop strength of the National Guard (guominbing 國民兵)
was listed at 280,000. The ROC Yearbook 2005 listed the strength of the Military Police at 12,000, and a media report published in April 2023
gave the figure of 5,000 for the size of the Military Police.
According to the Act of
Military Service System (bingyifa 兵役法) promulgated in 1933, all healthy males in the ROC are liable for
military service. The total length of conscript military service before Oct. 1, 2000 was 24 months, after that it was
reduced to 22 months. Ever since the duration of mandatory military service has gradually been shortened to 18 months
(July 2005), then 16 months (January 2006), in January 2008 it was cut from 14 to 12 months, and amendments to the
Act of Military Service System in December 2011 stipulated that beginning in 2013, male citizens born in or after 1994
will only be required to receive 4 months of basic military training and then become reservists.
Responding to the increased military activity and threats by the PRC following US House of Representatives Speaker
Nancy Pelosi's Taiwan visit in August 2022, ROC MND minister Chiu Kuo-cheng 邱國正
on Oct. 12, 2022 stated that the ROC government was hoping to restore one-year compulsory military service effective
2024. ROC President Tsai Ing-wen on Dec. 27, 2022 announced that mandatory military
service will be extended to one year.
During the 2008 ROC presidential election campaign, then-KMT
presidential candidate Ma Ying-jeou pledged to phase out conscription and create an
all-volunteer military, an effort which was initiated after Ma taking office as "Jingtsui Program" (jingcuian 精粹案).
While under initial plans military draft was to cease by 2014, implementation of the program was repeatedly delayed because
of an inability to meet recruitment goals. Eventually, the last batch of male conscripts was discharged on Dec. 26, 2018,
leaving Taiwan with ca. 180,000 volunteer troops, plus a force of reservists with only four months of military training.
Although the end of conscription and switching to an all-volunteer model was favoured by both the KMT and the
DPP, calls for reintroducing conscription persist due to the strong and growing
threat from the PRC (see above paragraph).
In late 2005 the ROC Legislative Yuan passed the revision of the Act of Military Service System
(bingyifa 兵役法) to allow women to serve as enlisted personnel, although the military was opened as a professional
career option as early as 1991 when twelve military academies began accepting female applicants. Upon graduation, women were
generally assigned to the troop units, schools, logistical groups and even Air Force wings of their choice. The first woman
ever to achieve the rank of general in the ROC armed forces was Chiang I-ying 姜毅英 (1908-2006, Zhejiang), an intelligence
officer who was promoted to major general of the ROC army in March 1946.
Because of strong social demand, alternatives to military service were introduced with the
"Enforcement Statute for Substitute
Services" (tidaiyi shishi tiaoli 替代役實施條例) which were promulgated on Feb. 2, 2000 and went into effect on
July 1, 2000. Categories for substitute service include domestic security (police and fire fighters), social services (in
the areas of social work, environmental protection, medicine, and education) and other categories such as culture, land
surveying, justice administration, diplomacy, physical education, tourism, economic security, and public administration.
On Dec. 29, 2022 the ROC Executive Yuan announced that conscripts who were born in 2005
and after and opt to fulfill their duties in the alternative military service would only be allowed to do so for family or
religious-related reasons, in contrast to the previous regulation according to which those applying for alternative service
were evaluated based on their relevant skills, qualifications in research and development, and reasons pertaining to family
and religion.
The ROC armed forces are holding joint maneuvers annually like the Han Kuang exercises (hanguang yanxi 漢光演習)
which were first staged in 1984 to test combat readiness as well as the joint combat training effectiveness of the three branches
of the armed forces. In addition, a series of civil defense drills held annually are the Wan An exercises (wan'an yanxi
萬安演習).
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The ROCMA is regarded as the top institution among the ROC's five major military academies
(sanjun wuxiao 三軍五校), the other four being the following:
㊫ National Defense University (guofang daxue 國防大學, abbrev. NDU);
㊫ ROC Naval Academy (Zhonghua minguo haijun junguan xuexiao 中華民國海軍軍官學校);
㊫ ROC Air Force Academy (Zhonghua minguo kongjun junguan xuexiao 中華民國空軍軍官學校); and
㊫ National Defense Medical Center (guofang yixueyuan 國防醫學院, abbrev. NDMC). The Tri-Service General Hospital (sanjun zong yiyuan 三軍總醫院) is the main teaching hospital of the NDMC.
Military education of officers is conducted along two developmental lines—the "all-around" track (tongcai
fazhan luxian 通才發展路線) for career soldiers at the ROCMA, the Naval Academy, and the Air Force Academy; and
the professional track (zhuanye fazhan luxian 專業發展路線) for specialized military personnel. Candidates
for colonel or major general must complete advanced military education at the NDU. Other educational institutes
of the ROC armed forces include the following:
- Air Force Institute of Technology (kongjun hangkong jishu xueyuan 空軍航空技術學院), created on Aug. 1, 1996 when the Air Technical School (kongjun jixie xuexiao 空軍機械學校) and the Air Communications and Electronics School (kongjun tongxin dianzi xuexiao 空軍通信電子學校) were merged;
- Chung-cheng Armed Forces Preparatory School (Zhongzheng guofang ganbu yubei xuexiao 中正國防幹部預備學校);
- Army Academy ROC (lujun zhuanke xuexiao 陸軍專科學校);
- Army Communications, Electronics and Information School (lujun tongxin dianzi zixun xunlian zhongxin 陸軍通信電子資訊訓練中心);
- ROC Marine Corps School (haijun luzhandui xuexiao 海軍陸戰隊學校); and
- Military Police Training Center (xianbing xunlian zhongxin 憲兵訓練中心, abbrev. MPTC).
In addition, the ROC Army operates the following three training facilities:
- Army Infantry School (lujun bubing xuexiao 陸軍步兵學校),
- Army Armor School (lujun zhuangjiabing xuexiao 陸軍裝甲兵學校), and
- Army Artillery School (lujun paobing xuexiao 陸軍炮兵學校).
Please note that on Dec. 12, 1996 the ROC government announced the introduction of a Reserve Officers'
Training Corps (daxue choubei junguan xunliantuan 大學儲備軍官訓練團, abbrev. ROTC) as a countermeasure
to insufficient enrollment in military academies. Implementation of the ROTC plan began in 1997.
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✉ ROC Military Academy (ROCMA) 中華民國陸軍軍官學校 |
No. 1 Weiwu Road, Fengshan District, Kaohsiung City 83059, Taiwan ROC [83059 高雄市鳳山區維武路 1 號]
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🌏 ROCMA – Web link |
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The ROCMA (Zhonghua minguo lujun junguan xuexiao 中華民國陸軍軍官學校, 🏁—xiaozhang 校長) opened
on May 1, 1924, and a ceremony on June 16, 1924 marked the beginning of classes. At that time the school was called
"Whampoa Military Academy" (Huangpu junxiao 黃埔軍校), and its campus was located in Guangzhou. After forces
led by Chiang Kai-shek defeated the warlords and the ROC central government restored control over all of China, the
school campus moved to Nanjing in March 1928. When the Japanese invaded the Chinese heartland, the academy relocated
to Chengdu in August 1938. Following the retreat of the KMT-led ROC government
to Taiwan, the school was re-established in Fengshan near Kaohsiung in August 1950.
Please note that the academy was renamed several times—to KMT Military Academy (Zhongguo guomindang dangli
lujun junguan xuexiao 中國國民黨黨立陸軍軍官學校) in February 1925, to Central Military Political Academy
(zhongyang junshi zhengzhi xuexiao 中央軍事政治學校) in March 1926, to Central Military Academy
(zhongyang lujun junguan xuexiao 中央陸軍軍官學校) in March 1928, and its current name was
eventually adopted in 1946.
ROCMA superintendents
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
5/1924—10/1947 | Chiang Kai-shek 蔣介石 | 1887-1975 | Zhejiang |
10/1947—9/1949 | Kuan Lin-cheng 關麟徵 | 1905-1980 | Shaanxi |
9/1949—12/1949 | Chang Yao-ming 張耀明 | 1905-1972 | Shaanxi |
8/1950—8/1954 | Lo Yu-lun 羅友倫 | 1912-1994 | Guangdong |
9/1954—3/1957 | Hsieh Chao-chi 謝肇齊 | 1905-1995 | Fujian |
4/1957—12/1960 | Hsu Ju-cheng 徐汝誠 | 1909-1995 | Zhejiang |
1/1961—3/1965 | Ai Ai 艾靉 | 1906-1982 | Guangdong |
3/1965—3/1970 | Chang Li-fu 張立夫 | 1912-1980 | Zhejiang |
4/1970—2/1973 | Lin Chu-yao 林初耀 | 1914-2003 | Guangdong |
2/1973—3/1976 | Chin Tsu-hsi 秦祖熙 | b. 1917 | Hubei |
4/1976—12/1977 | Yen Pai-chien 言百謙 | 1922-2009 | Zhejiang |
12/1977—12/1979 | Hsu Li-nung 許歷農 | b. 1921 | Anhui |
12/1979—6/1981 | Chu Chih-yuan 朱致遠 | b. 1922 | Anhui |
7/1981—6/1983 | Lu Kuang-yi 盧光義 | 1928-2010 | Hunan |
7/1983—6/1985 | Huang Hsing-chiang 黃幸強 | b. 1931 | Hunan |
7/1985—12/1986 | Huang Yao-yu 黃耀羽 | b. 1931 | Guangdong |
12/1986—6/1989 | Tang Yuan-pu 湯元普 | b. 1932 | Jiangsu |
7/1989—6/1991 | Hu Chia-chi 胡家麒 | b. 1938 | Jiangsu |
7/1991—9/1993 | Yang Te-chih 楊德智 | b. 1941 | Taiwan |
9/1993—7/1996 | Ma Teng-ho 馬登鶴 | b. 1937 | Liaoning |
7/1996—7/1997 | Tung Chao-yang 童兆陽 | 1942-2000 | Zhejiang |
7/1997—1/1998 | Ting Yu-chou 丁渝洲 | b. 1944 | Shandong |
1/1998—2/2002 | Chang Yueh-heng 張岳衡 | b. 1942 | Liaoning |
3/2002—6/2005 | Yang Kuo-chiang 楊國強 | N/A | Henan |
7/2005—6/2006 | Wang Ken-lin 王根林 | N/A | Hubei |
7/2006 @ | Chia Fu-yi 賈輔義 | b. 1946 | Liaoning |
8/2006—7/2010 | Chen Liang-pei 陳良沛 | b. 1955 | Taiwan |
7/2010—7/2012 | Chuan Tzu-jui 全子瑞 | N/A | N/A |
7/2012—2/2015 | Liu Te-chin 劉得金 | b. 1962 | Taiwan |
2/2015—9/2017 | Chang Chieh 張捷 | N/A | N/A |
9/2017—12/2018 | Chen Chung-wen 陳忠文 | N/A | N/A |
12/2018—12/2021 | Chen Chien-yi 陳建義 | N/A | N/A |
12/2021— | Hou Jia-lun 侯嘉倫 | b. N/A | N/A |
So far all superintendents of the academy have been army generals.
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✉ National Defense University (NDU) 國防大學 |
No. 1000 Xingfeng Road, Bade District, Taoyuan City 33448, Taiwan ROC [33448 桃園市八德區興豐路 1000 號]
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🌏 NDU – Web link |
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The NDU (guofang daxue 國防大學, 🏁—xiaozhang
校長) was created on May 8, 2000 by the merger of the Armed Forces University (sanjun daxue 三軍大學)—formed
in 1968 when several military research and educational units were united—with the Chung-cheng Institute of Science
and Technology (Zhongzheng ligong xueyuan 中正理工學院), the National Defense Medical College (guofang
yixueyuan 國防醫學院), and the National Defense Management School (guofang guanli xueyuan 國防管理學院).
NDU presidents
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
11/1964—8/1965 | Lo Lieh 羅列 | 1907-1976 | Fujian |
8/1965—8/1968 | Liu An-chi 劉安祺 | 1903-1995 | Shandong |
8/1968—8/1975 | Yu Pak-chuan 余伯泉 | 1910-1982 | Guangdong |
8/1975—4/1980 | Wego Chiang 蔣緯國 | 1916-1997 | <Japan> |
4/1980—12/1983 | Wang To-nien 王多年 | 1913-2004 | Liaoning |
1/1984—4/1987 | Yen Pai-chien 言百謙 | 1922-2009 | Zhejiang |
5/1987—12/1989 | Lo Pen-li 羅本立 | 1927-2018 | Anhui |
12/1989—4/1992 | Wang To-chih 汪多志 | b. 1930 | Liaoning |
5/1992—4/1994 | Yeh Chang-tung 葉昌桐 | b. 1929 | Fujian |
5/1994—6/1996 | Cheng Pang-chih 程邦治 | b. 1931 | Anhui |
7/1996—1/1999 | Lee Cheng-lin 李楨林 | b. 1933 | Shandong |
2/1999—1/2002 | Hsia Ying-chou 夏瀛洲 | b. 1939 | Shandong |
2/2002—8/2003 | Chen Jen-hsiang 陳鎮湘 | b. 1942 | Anhui |
9/2003—5/2005 | Hsieh Jainn-dong 謝建東 | b. 1945 | Fujian |
6/2005—2/2006 | Fei Hung-po 費鴻波 | b. 1944 | Shandong |
2/2006—10/2008 | Tseng Chin-ling 曾金陵 | b. 1947 | Jiangxi |
11/2008—5/2011 | Chin Nai-chieh 金乃傑 | b. 1949 | N/A |
5/2011—8/2012 | Chen Yeong-kang 陳永康 | b. 1951 | Taiwan |
9/2012—7/2014 | Chiu Kuo-cheng 邱國正 | b. 1953 | Taiwan/Jiangsu |
8/2014—10/2015 | Cheng De-mei 鄭德美 | b. 1955 | Taiwan/Hainan |
11/2015—3/2019 | Wu Wan-jiao 吳萬教 | b. 1957 | Taiwan |
4/2019—6/2021 | Wang Shin-lung 王信龍 | b. 1960 | Taiwan/Zhejiang |
7/2021—6/2022 | Chang Che-ping 張哲平 | b. 1960 | Taiwan |
6/2022— | Liu Chih-pin 劉志斌 | b. 1962 | Taiwan |
Today, NDU has the following seven colleges:
▶ War College (zhanzheng xueyuan 戰爭學院);
▶ Army Command and Staff College (lujun zhican xueyuan 陸軍指參學院);
▶ Navy Command and Staff College (haijun zhican xueyuan 海軍指參學院);
▶ Air Force Command and Staff College (kongjun zhican xueyuan 空軍指參學院);
▶ Political Warfare College (zhengzhi zuozhan xueyuan 政治作戰學院, abbrev. zhengzhan xueyuan 政戰學院), created on Sept. 1, 2009 when the former Fu Hsing Kang College (zhengzhi zuozhan xuexiao 政治作戰學校) was placed under the NDU and renamed;
▶ Management College (guanli xueyuan 管理學院); and
▶ Institute of Technology (ligong xueyuan 理工學院).
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The weapons systems in the arsenal of the ROC armed forces include both armaments purchased abroad and domestically
developed equipment. Major foreign suppliers have been the US (F-16 fighter jet planes, Kidd-class destroyers, Apache
helicopters etc.), France (Mirage 2000 fighter jets, Lafayette-class frigates etc.) and others.
Over the decades, Taiwan has produced, developed and/or designed several weapons systems, some of them in cooperation
with foreign manufacturers. The following list shows a selection of weaponry made in Taiwan.
- "Kun-wu" anti-tank missile (kunwu feidan 昆吾飛彈) based on the 9M14 Malyutka design;
- "Kung-feng" [Worker Bee] multiple-launch rocket system (gongfeng huojian 工蜂火箭);
- "Thunderbolt-2000" multiple-launch rocket system (leiting erlinglingling duoguan huojian xitong 雷霆 2000 多管火箭系統);
- "Kestrel" shoulder-launched anti-armor rocket (hongzhun fanjia huojian 紅隼反甲火箭);
- "Hsiung-feng" [Gallant Wind] anti-ship missiles (xiongfeng fanjian feidan 雄風反艦飛彈);
- "Tien-kung" [Sky Bow] surface-to-air missiles (tiangong fangkong feidan 天弓防空飛彈);
- "Yun-feng" [Cloud Peak] supersonic surface-to-surface cruise missiles (yunfeng feidan 雲峰飛彈);
- "Ching-feng" short-range ballistic missile (qingfeng feidan 青鋒飛彈);
- "Tien-chien" [Sky Sword] infrared-guided missiles (tianjian feidan 天劍飛彈);
- "Wan-chien" [Ten Thousand Swords] cruise missiles (wanjiandan 萬劍彈);
- "Teng-yun" [Cloud Rider] MALE/medium-altitude long-endurance drone (tengyun daxing wurenji 騰雲大型無人機);
- "Jiansiang" anti-radiation drone (jianxiang fanfushe wurenji 劍翔反輻射無人機) aka Taiwanese Harpy, i. e. an anti-radiation loitering munition;
- "Tzu-chiang" AT-3 jet trainer aircraft (ziqianghao jiaolianji 自強號教練機)—in cooperation with Northrop
in the US;
- F-CK-1 fighter aircraft (jingguohao zhandouji 經國號戰鬥機), aka IDF (= Indigenous Defense Fighter);
- "Yung-ying" [Brave Eagle] supersonic indigenous Advanced Jet Trainer (yongying gaoji penshe jiaolianji 勇鷹高級噴射教練機, abbrev. AJT) aka T-5;
- "Cloud Leopard" armored vehicle (yunbao zhuangjiache 雲豹裝甲車), a co-production of Taiwan's Ordnance Readiness Development Center (lujun binggong zhengbei fazhan zhongxin 陸軍兵工整備發展中心, abbrev. bingzheng zhongxin 兵整中心) and Ireland's Timoney Technology Ltd. of Ireland; and
- "Tuo Jiang" stealth missile corvette (tuojiangji xunluojian 沱江級巡邏艦).
After the IDF was first displayed publicly on Dec. 10, 1988, no major new military aircraft system was developed in
the ROC. Since taking office in 2016, the Tsai Ing-wen administration has initiated several projects for development of
new modern weapons systems.
- Blue Magpie—On Feb. 7, 2017 the MND launched a program to build
supersonic trainer aircraft when the NCSIST was commissioned to develop XT-5
"Blue Magpie" (lanque 藍鵲) trainers, with the AIDC being tasked to design
and build the aircraft which are to be equipped with advanced simulation training systems. A prototype is scheduled for
completion in 2019, with test flights expected to take place in 2020, and by 2026 the full complement of 66 aircraft
will replace the air force's aging fleet of AT-3 trainers and F-5 fighter jets.
- Vega—On March 2, 2017 the ROC government announced the "Vega
project" (zhinüxing jihua 織女星計畫) to develop and build the next-generation fighter jets, a key component
of the government's plan to replace its aging fleet. The prototype of the new fighter jets—including a new advanced
engine system based on the IDF's TFE-1042-70 engine—is expected to be introduced in 10 years.
- Tuo Jiang upgrade—According to recent media reports, there are
also plans for the production of an upgraded version of the navy's Tuo Jiang-class stealth corvette that is to incorporate
expanded anti-aircraft capabilities—the new vessel type is to be longer, wider and equipped with 3D radar systems and a
ship-to-air version of the Tien Chien II guided missile system. The first lot is scheduled to be completed by 2025.
Apart from obtaining modern military hardware, another important goal of these projects is cultivating and retaining
talent in order to advance the development of the local defense industry.
A weapons system regarded as essential for fending off an attack of the PRC navy and/or break a naval blockade are
submarines. Currently the ROC navy has four such vessels in its fleet:
- SS-791 "Sea Lion" (haishihao 海獅號): Tench-class submarine (USA), launched as USS Cutlass (SS-478)
on Nov. 5, 1944, decommissioned on April 15, 1973; sold to Taiwan and transferred in Florida on April 12, 1973, arrived
in Zuoying Naval Base (haijun Zuoying jidi 海軍左營基地) on April 18, 1974;
- SS-792 "Seal" (haibaohao 海豹號): Balao-class submarine (USA), launched as USS Tusk (SS-426) on July 8,
1945; decommissioned, sold to Taiwan and transferred on Oct. 18, 1973, arrived in Zuoying Naval Base on Jan. 10, 1974;
- SS-793 "Sea Dragon" (hailonghao 海龍號): Zwaardvis-class attack submarine (Netherlands), launched on
Oct. 6, 1986 and commissioned on Oct. 9, 1987 as vessel of the Chien-lung class (jianlongji qianjian 劍龍級潛艦); and
- SS-794 "Sea Tiger" (haihuhao 海虎號): Zwaardvis-class attack submarine (Netherlands), launched on Dec. 20, 1986
and commissioned on April 9, 1988 as vessel of the Chien-lung class.
Since the 1980s when the Netherlands sold two submarines to the ROC, all further attempts by the ROC to purchase conventional
diesel-electric submarines abroad failed due to pressure exerted by the PRC on manufacturers and potential sellers. On April 24,
2001 then-US President George W. Bush authorized the sale of a major arms package to Taiwan which included eight diesel-powered subs,
but that part of the deal never materialized as the US themselves had stopped manufacturing such vessels in 1959.
The Tsai Ing-wen administration that took office in May 2016 therefore decided to develop own subs. On March 21, 2017 the ROC
Navy, the NCSIST and CSBC Taiwan Corp. signed an MOU to
jointly build indigenous submarines for the military, hoping to complete the first vessels within eight years and commission them
into service within a decade. On May 9, 2019 a groundbreaking ceremony took place at the Port of Kaohsiung (Gaoxiong gang
高雄港) for the ROC navy's new shipbuilding site (qianjian guozao changqu 潛艦國造廠區) under Taiwan's homegrown submarine
project, and a miniature model of the planned indigenous submarine was unveiled. It was announced then that the first prototype
would be launched in 2024, and the first combat submarine would be ready one year after that. Construction of the first eight
vessels began on Nov. 24, 2020, a keel laying ceremony was held by the ROC Navy on Nov. 16, 2021. On Dec. 26, 2022 CSBC announced
that Taiwan's first domestically-developed submarine would be launched by September 2023.
According to a report published in November 2021 by the Taiwan
News website, only the two Dutch-made subs (SS-793 and SS-794) could be considered combat-ready, and Taiwan’s current stock of ca. 200
outdated Indonesian-made SUT torpedoes was inadequate as well.
The ROC military does not possess nuclear submarines, nor has it an aircraft carrier or nuclear weapons—all of which the PLA has
in its arsenal. In the 1960s and 1970s there was a nuclear weapons development program which began in 1967 under the auspices of the
INER. After the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) found evidence of the ROC's efforts to
produce weapons-grade plutonium, Taipei agreed in September 1976 under US pressure to dismantle its nuclear weapons program. Apparently
the nuclear ambitions of the ROC did not come to an end then, because in January 2017 disclosures of Chang Hsien-yi 張憲義, a former
deputy director of the First Institute of the NCSIST who had defected to the US in 1988, made headlines in Taiwan. Chang claimed that
Taiwan had plans to load miniaturized nuclear weapons into auxiliary fuel tanks of IDF jets to attack the PRC, and his fear that
'ambitious politicians might use nuclear weapons' prompted his decision to defect. Chang had been contacted in 1982 by the CIA
which also arranged his exit from Taiwan to the US.
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✉ National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST) 國家中山科學研究院 |
No. 481 Zhongzheng Road Jia'an Section, Neighbourhood 6 Jia'an Village, Longtan Township, Taoyuan County 32546, Taiwan ROC [32546 桃園縣龍潭鄉佳安村 6 鄰中正路佳安段 481 號]
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🌏 NCSIST – Web link |
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The NCSIST (guojia zhongshan kexue yanjiuyuan 國家中山科學研究院, abbrev. zhongkeyuan 中科院,
🏁—yuanzhang 院長) was established on July 1, 1969 and is a research and development institution
under the ROC MND. The NCSIST has been active in the development of various
weapons systems and dual use technologies. Except for its first director Yen Chen-hsing it has consistently been
headed by a military officer with the rank of general or admiral in the ROC armed forces. The additional leading
position of chairman (dongshizhang 董事會) was created on April 16, 2014 and is filled by the sitting ROC
defense minister.
NCSIST directors
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
7/1969—2/1975 | Yen Chen-hsing 閻振興 c | 1912-2005 | Henan |
2/1975—11/1982 | Tang Chun-po 唐君鉑 | 1910-1999 | Guangdong |
11/1982—3/1988 | Hao Pei-tsun 郝柏村 | 1919-2020 | Jiangsu |
4/1988—9/1988 | Yeh Chang-tung 葉昌桐 | N/A | N/A |
9/1988—10/1989 | Chiang Chung-ling 蔣仲苓 | 1922-2015 | Zhejiang |
10/1989—6/1995 | Liu Shu-hsi 劉曙晞 | N/A | N/A |
7/1995—5/1996 | Chou Kan 周敢 | N/A | N/A |
6/1996—7/1998 | Shen Fang-ping 沈方枰 | N/A | N/A |
8/1998—7/2001 | Chen Yu-wu 陳友武 | b. 1945 | Zhejiang |
7/2001—12/2003 | Liu Chin-ling 劉金陵 | N/A | N/A |
1/2004—5/2004 | Chang Yuan-pin 張元彬 | N/A | N/A |
6/2004—11/2007 | Kung Chia-cheng 龔家政 | N/A | N/A |
12/2007—1/2014 | Chin Shou-feng 金壽豐 | N/A | N/A |
1/2014—4/2017 | Chang Guan-chung 張冠群 | N/A | N/A |
5/2017— | Kao Chung-hsing 杲中興 | b. N/A | N/A |
The subdivisions of NCSIST include the following administrative units, research divisions and centers:
Administrative units
▶ Auditing Office (jiheshi 稽核室),
▶ Financial Affairs Office (caiwushi 財務室),
▶ Industrial Safety and Health Office (gongan weishengshi 工安衛生室),
▶ Inspection and Security Office (ducha anquanshi 督察安全室),
▶ Legal Affairs Office (falü shiwushi 法律事務室),
▶ Public Relations Office (gonggong guanxishi 公共關係室),
▶ Secretariat (mishushi 秘書室);
▶ Advisory Committee (zixun weiyuanhui 諮詢委員會),
▶ Research & Development Review Committee (yanjiu fazhan tuidonghui 研究發展推動會),
▶ Strategy Analysis and Development Committee (celüe yanxi ji fazhan weiyuanhui 策略研析暨發展委員會);
▶ Dual-Use Technology Development Center (juntong zhongxin 軍通中心),
▶ Management Center (guanli zhongxin 管理中心),
▶ Operation Center (yingyun zhongxin 營運中心);
▶ Medical Clinic (yiwusuo 醫務所), and
▶ Yikunkg Preschool (yiguang youeryuan 逸光幼兒園).
Research divisions
▶ Aeronautical Systems Research Division (hangkong yanjiusuo 航空研究所),
▶ Chemical Systems Research Division (huaxue yanjiusuo 化學研究所),
▶ Electronic Systems Research Division (dianzi xitong yanjiusuo 電子系統研究所),
▶ Information and Communications Research Division (zixun tongxin yanjiusuo 資訊通信研究所),
▶ Materials and Electro-Optics Research Division (cailiao ji guangdian yanjiusuo 材料暨光電研究所), and
▶ Missile and Rocket Systems Research Division (feidan huojian yanjiusuo 飛彈火箭研究所).
Centers
▶ Information Management Center (zixun guanli zhongxin 資訊管理中心),
▶ System Development Center (xitong fazhan zhongxin 系統發展中心),
▶ System Manufacturing Center (xitong zhizao zhongxin 系統製造中心), and
▶ System Sustainment Center (xitong weihu zhongxin 系統維護中心).
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✉ Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation (AIDC) 漢翔航空工業股份有限公司 |
No. 1 Hanxiang Road, Xitun District, Taichung City 40760, Taiwan ROC [40760 台中市西屯區漢翔路 1 號]
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🌏 AIDC – Web link |
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The AIDC (hanxiang hangkong gongye gongsi 漢翔航空工業公司, 🏁—dongshizhang 董事長) was formally
established on July 1, 1996 as a government-owned company under the authority of the MOEA.
As an organization, it was preceded by the Aero Industry Development Center (hangkong gongye fazhan zhongxin
航空工業發展中心) which had been founded on March 1, 1969 under the authority of the ROC Air Force and was later transferred
to the NCSIST in January 1983. The corporation's privatization was approved on
Sept. 13, 2013 by the ROC Executive Yuan, and AIDC was officially listed on the Taiwan
Stock Exchange starting on Aug. 25, 2014. The MOEA remained AIDC's largest shareholder. The second most senior position
in AIDC is president (zong jingli 總經理).
AIDC chairpersons
Tenure (started) |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
3/1969—6/1969 | Ku Kuang-fu 顧光復 | 1911-2000 | Jiangsu |
6/1969— | Y. C. Lee 李永炤 | 1915-2010 | N/A |
11/1982—7/1993 | Hua Hsi-chun 華錫鈞 | 1925-2017 | Jiangsu |
7/1993—5/1996 | Lin Wen-li 林文禮 | b. 1930 | Sichuan |
6/1996—12/2001 | Tsai Chun-hui 蔡春輝 | 1936-2015 | Taiwan |
3/2002—9/2003 | Huang Jung-teh 黃榮德 | N/A | N/A |
9/2003—2/2004 @ | Willy Peng 彭元熙 | N/A | N/A |
2/2004—5/2006 | Tony Sun 孫韜玉 | b. 1943 | Shandong |
5/2006—9/2008 | Kent Feng 馮世寬 | b. 1945 | Jiangsu |
10/2008—8/2011 | Hsing Yu-kuang 邢有光 | N/A | N/A |
8/2011—3/2015 | Jason Liu 劉介岑 | N/A | N/A |
3/2015—3/2019 | Anson Liao 廖榮鑫 | b. 1955 | N/A |
3/2019— | Hu Kai-hung 胡開宏 | b. N/A | N/A |
AIDC presidents since 1996
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
1996–1997 | Wang Shih-sheng 王石生 | b. 1932 | N/A |
1997–2006 | Hu Chin 胡謹 | b. 1950 | Zhejiang |
2006 @ | Butch Hsu 徐延年 | N/A | N/A |
2006—10/2008 | Lo Cheng-fang 羅正方 | b. 1965 | Taiwan |
10/2008—2/2012 | Shiah Yeau-yi 夏友夷 | N/A | N/A |
2/2012—2/2016 | Butch Hsu (second time) |
2/2016—7/2017 @ | Kang Shiah 夏康 | N/A | N/A |
7/2017—3/2019 | Lin Nan-chu 林南助 | N/A | N/A |
3/2019— | Ma Wan-june 馬萬鈞 | b. N/A | N/A |
The company's most noteworthy product is the F-CK-1 Ching-kuo (jingguohao zhanji 經國號戰機) aka
"Indigenous Defense Fighter" (zizhi fangyu zhanji 自製防禦戰機, abbrev. IDF) which was manufactured
between 1990 and 2000. Its first aircraft were delivered to the ROC Air Force in January 1994, and IDF
entered active service in 1997.
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✉ Taiwan Defense Industry Development Association (TW-DIDA) 台灣國防產業發展協會 |
Room 412, Building W48, No. 566 Lane 134, Longyuan Road, Longtan District, Taoyuan City 32544, Taiwan ROC (NCSIST Long-Yuan Research Park) [32544 桃園市龍潭區龍源路 134 巷 566 號, 中科院龍園園區 W48 館 412 室]
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🌏 TW-DIDA – Web link |
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TW-DIDA (Taiwan guofang chanye fazhan xiehui 台灣國防產業發展協會, 🏁—huizhang 會長) was set up
on Sept. 27, 2017 by prestigious companies from Taiwan's aerospace, shipbuilding and information security sectors. The Association
serves as a helping hand for the implementation of the ROC government's policy of being self-reliant on national defense, and it
will also be a facilitator for Taiwan-US defense industry cooperation.
TW-DIDA chairman
Tenure |
Name |
Born/Died |
Native Province |
9/2017— | Han Pi-hsiang 韓碧祥 | b. N/A | N/A |
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